I-hypersensitivity yezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ekuthomeni yatholwa kuqala ngo-1906. Kuze kube manje, ukwelashwa yisifo esivame kakhulu, okungaphezu kuka-85% wabantu bezwe abanesifo. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwalesi sifo, umuntu angavimbela ukuphindaphinda kwakhe kuphela uma umuntu eyazi kahle izimbangela zokukhushulwa.
I-allergies ithuthuka kanjani?
Indima ebalulekile ekubonakalweni kwezibonakaliso zesifo esibuzwayo ivikelekile. Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba ingahlukaniswa ngokomzimba zibe yizigaba ezimbili:
- Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezivikelayo. Uma i-irritant ingena emzimbeni okokuqala, ukuzivikela komuntu ovame ukwelashwa kwemithi kubonakala ngisho nezinto ezingenabungozi, njengezinambuzane. Uhlelo lokuzivikela luveza i-immunoglobulins IgE - amaprotheni eyenzelwe ukuqeda "abahlaseli". Zihlanganisa nama-mast cell (mastocytes) nama-basophils, abesekela njengesekelo. Lezi "coalitions" zihamba egazini futhi zihlala ezithombeni ezahlukene (impumu, amaphaphu, isisu, isikhumba nabanye).
- Ukusabela okwemvelo. Izimbangela zeqiniso ezibangelwa ukwelashwa yi-activation of complexes protective. Uma umzimba uphinde uxhumane nezinto ezibangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-IgE, amangqamuzana amancane nama-basophil azokhombisa lesi sigciwane, eqokomisa i-chemical compound - i-histamine. Ikhuthaza ukusabela okusheshayo ngendlela yobuningi bokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo: ukwandiswa kwama-capillary, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha ebushelelezi, ukuqina kwegazi, i-edema nokuvuvukala.
Izimbangela zesifo somzimba
Ukubangela ukusabela kwe-pathological kwesistimu yokuzivikela ukuze kube yinkinga kungaba inombolo enkulu yezinto zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Kungenakwenzeka ukusungula izizathu eziqondile zenkathi ethize, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo, okwenziwa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zeprotheni ye-IgE. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu oyedwa une-hypersensitivity kuma-antigens amaningana, futhi ukusabela kubo kubonakala ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokungezwani komzimba kubantu abadala:
- ukudla - noma yikuphi ukudla, kaningi ubisi, ama-citrus, inhlanzi, inyama, amajikijolo, amantongomane;
- ikhaya - uthuli, imikhiqizo yokuhlanzwa amafutha, isikhombe;
- izinambuzane - izinhlanzi, i-microclimis, i-bloodsucking kanye nezinambuzane ezihlabayo, izinkanyezi;
- i-epidermal - isikhumba esiphezulu somuntu, inqwaba, uboya, u-fluff, umsila nesilwane semfuyo;
- fungal - isikhunta, imvubelo;
- impova - impova yezitshalo;
- helminthic - antigens of izidumbu;
- izindlela zokwelapha - izindlela zokwelapha.
Ezinye izinto ezibangela impendulo yokuzivikela nge-immune:
- imiphumela emihle;
- okuhlangenwe nakho kwemizwa;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
I-Sunergy - Izimbangela
Ifomu elichazwe lesi sifo libizwa ngokuthi i-photosensitization. Umuntu ngamunye unomdlavuza welanga - ama-acne, amabala, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina kwesikhumba kanye nezinye izimpawu zingase zihambisane nenkinga ekhonjisiwe. I-ultraviolet imisebe ngokwayo akuyona into ecasulayo. Isizathu sokungezwani komzimba kungukuthi kukhona emzimbeni wama-photoreactive agents noma izithombeensitizers - izinto ezikhethekile ezivusa ukusabela kwe-pathological of immune ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni. Zivame ukutholakala kubantu abane-Celtic hlobo lesikhumba, abagula nge-Gunter syndrome ne-pellagra.
Ngezinye izikhathi izithombe ze-photosensitizer zingena emzimbeni kusuka ngaphandle. Ziqukethe imikhiqizo nezinto ezilandelayo:
- izimonyo zokuhlanzeka;
- izimpahla zamakhemikhali zasekhaya;
- i-perfume;
- amalungiselelo okwelapha;
- izithasiselo zokudla;
- ukudweba amathoni;
- ukuhlunga ama-compounds.
Ukungezwani komzimba kwamakati - izizathu
Kule nkinga, ukuzivikela kutholakala yiprotheyini njenge-antigen. Itholakala ngoboya, umchamo, amathanga, izinhlayiya zesikhumba kanye namanqamu amakati, ngakho noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nezilwane ezifuywayo kubangela ukusabela okusheshayo kwesistimu yokuvikela. Kubantu abathintekayo ikakhulukazi, ukwelashwa kwezilwane zazo zonke izinhlobo kubonakala, ezinye iziguli zithinta kuphela izinhlobo ezithile noma umuntu othile. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siyaqhubeka, futhi umuntu ongayeki ukuxhumana namakati, uqala ukuphendula ngokufanayo nezinja, onogwaja, amahhashi nezinye izinyamazane.
Izifo zokudla - izimbangela
Abantu abaningi bahlushwa yi-hypersensitivity kokudla okuthile noma izingxenye zabo. Lesi sifo kubhekwa njengokungabi nempilo yangempela, kuphela uma izibonakaliso ze-pathological impendulo ye-immune kanye ne-IgE secretion, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, cishe u-2% wabantu bomhlaba. Kwezinye izimo, ukungahambisani nokudla okuthile kutholakala.
Kuthiwa ukuthi lesi sifo esicatshangelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sinobuhlobo bokuzalwa, kodwa zonke izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba zingakacacisiwe. Noma imuphi umkhiqizo ungavusa izimpawu ze-hypersensitivity, isenzo esinamandla kunazo zonke siqukethe:
- amaqanda;
- amantongomane;
- ubisi lwezinkomo;
- ukolweni;
- i-soybean;
- amantongomane;
- inhlanzi;
- izithelo ze-citrus;
- ubhontshisi;
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle;
- amajikijolo abomvu.
Izimbangela zemithi yokungezwani komzimba
Isici esiyinhloko esibangele ukusabela kwamandla omzimba okunganele ngokwanele kumakhemikhali wezokwelapha ukuxhumana okude njalo njalo. Ukungezwani komuthi emithini kutholakala ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi bezempilo abanomlando omude. Iqembu eliyingozi lihlanganisa abakwa-pharmacy, ikakhulu uma behileleka ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yezokwelapha. Ezinye izimbangela zokwehluleka kwemithi:
- ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi;
- ukufeza;
- ukuqhubekela phambili kweminye imikhakha yezenzo zokwelapha ezikhungweni;
- izilonda ezingapheli zesikhunta.
Ama-antigens asemqoka kulokho okushiwo yi:
- ama-antibiotics;
- ama-hormone e-corticosteroid;
- imithi;
- i-immunoglobulins;
- ama-analgesics;
- i-serum;
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory;
- anesthetics nabanye.
Izimbangela ze-pollen yokungezwani komzimba
Ayaziwa ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bengenwa yi-pollinosis futhi baphendukela embali ethile. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi izimbangela ze-allergies zonyaka zisezizukulwaneni eziphilayo. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke izitshalo ezivuthwa umoya kanye nokhula, zikhulula ukuphakama okukhulu kwezinto ezicasulayo ezithwala amabanga amade:
- i-timothy;
- umhlonyane;
- i-birch;
- i-ambrosia ;
- i-oak;
- okusanhlamvu;
- i-chestnut;
- i-poplar;
- isihlahla somkhiqizo;
- umlotha;
- i-quinoa;
- inambuzane;
- plantain kanye nabanye.
Ukubhebhetheka kokungcola kuya emhlabathini
I-agent causative yempendulo yomzimba omzimba ehlongozwayo ibhekisela kwisicoco se-multiticomponent. Ukusabela okwenziwe okwehliswayo uthuli endaweni yokuhlala kuvela ebukhosini bezinto ezilandelayo kuwo:
- i-epidermis efile yabantu nezilwane;
- izinhlamvu zefungi;
- izinhlayiya zoboya;
- iziphephe ezincane;
- amabhaktheriya;
- impova;
- ama-virus;
- izintambo zendwangu;
- Fluff nabanye.
Abanye abantu bahlushwa izimpawu zesifo kuphela emsebenzini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimbangela ze-allergies zitholakala ezingxenyeni zothuli "lobuchwepheshe":
- isikhombi;
- imfucuza yemithi;
- ufulawa;
- usimende;
- izixube ezinobuthi;
- izinhlayiya zesikhumba noboya bezinkomo;
- upende kanye nezingxenye ezifanayo.
I-Cold allergies - Izimbangela
Ukushisa okuphansi ngokwayo akuyona i-antigen, kuyinto engaphandle yangaphandle eyenza ukuvuselelwa kwezinkimbinkimbi zokuzivikela. Akukacaci ukuthi kungani ingculazi ingaphenduki ngokwanele ku-frost, umswakama okhulayo nomoya. Kunezimo eziningi ezicatshangelwayo lapho kubanda khona ukuguquka kwamagciwane, okubangela ukuthi:
- i-endocrine pathologies engapheli;
- izicubu zomdlavuza;
- izifo zegciwane;
- ukuvutha kwamagciwane;
- i-lupus erythematosus;
- i-cholecystitis;
- i-caries;
- izifo ezizimele;
- ezinye izinhlobo zokuphendula okweqile;
- helminthic invasions;
- i-dysbiosis;
- i-atopic dermatitis;
- izifo zokugaya ukudla nezinye izimo.
Izimbangela zesikhumba ukungezwani komzimba
Kunezinketho eziningi zokubonakaliswa kwempendulo ye-immune evikelekile yomzimba:
- i-urticaria;
- i-dermatitis;
- i-vasculitis;
- i-eczema;
- i-edema.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuselela lungabangela ukubonakala kwamachashazi, ama-blister kanye nemisipha. Izimbangela ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba esikhunjeni sobuso, izitho kanye nesiqu:
- izimpahla zamakhemikhali zasekhaya;
- izimonyo zokuhlanzeka nezokuhlobisa;
- imikhiqizo yokudla;
- imithi;
- uthuli;
- ukuhlelwa kwezitshalo;
- amaprotheni wezilwane kanye noboya;
- imisebe ye-ultraviolet;
- i-perfume;
- ukushisa okuphansi;
- umoya obandayo;
- ukulunywa kwezinambuzane;
- izingubo.
Izimbangela ze-rhinitis ye-allergen
Iphunga le-Runny, i-itching nokuvuvukala kwezono zangasese, ukuklolodela kuyizibonakaliso zesifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-rhinitis ye-allergen kubantu abadala ziyizindlu zasendlini nokwakha. Uma i-symptomatology yonyaka (ephindaphinda entwasahlobo nasehlobo), lesi sifo cishe siphuca imbali yesitshalo. Ezinye izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba nge-rhinitis:
- imvubelo fungi;
- isikhunta;
- iziphephe ezincane;
- uboya kanye nesiprotheni sesilwane;
- imithi;
- ukudla;
- izinhlayiya kanye nemikhiqizo yomsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi.
Izimbangela ze-bronchitis yokugula
Indlela yokonakala komkhuhlane owomile ochazwe ngesifo ihlanganisa ukucasula ukuphela kwezifo ezitholakala emaphashini nase-bronchi. Lokhu kubangela ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi kanye nezinselele zemisipha eseduze, okubangela i-asthma ye-allergen. Libhekisela kuma-pathologies angapheli ngokubuyela kabusha okuphindaphindiwe. Ngenkathi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuhlinzekela ngokugcwele.
Izimbangela ze-allergy asthmatic:
- impova yezimila nezimbali;
- izinhlayiya zoboya, i-epidermis, imikhiqizo yezilwane;
- iziphephe ezincane;
- isikhunta;
- ukudla;
- ukubhema;
- ikhaya, ukwakha uthuli;
- amalungiselelo okwelapha;
- amaseli amagciwane namagciwane;
- imikhiqizo yokuhlanza;
- iphunga elimnandi.
I-allergenic conjunctivitis - izimbangela
Esinye isici esibonisa ukuthi lesi sifo esicatshangelwayo ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zamaso. I-Photophobia, ukucheka nokulila nge-allergies ngokushesha iqhubekela phambili, igeleza ibe yi-conjunctivitis eyi-purulent. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi sifo:
- izimonyo zokuhlobisa nokuhlanzeka;
- uthuli;
- imbali yemifino;
- imisebe yelanga;
- imikhiqizo yokudla;
- umoya obandayo neqhwa;
- umswakama ophezulu;
- izinhlayiya zesikhumba kanye ne-excreta yezilwane;
- uboya;
- izibungu;
- ama-pharmacy agents;
- izimpahla zamakhemikhali zasekhaya;
- ukubhema;
- iphunga elimnandi.
Izimbangela zemiqondo zemizimba
Imithi esemthethweni ayiqinisekisi ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwesimo somzwelo somuntu kanye nezimpendulo zakhe zomzimba. Ukuguqulwa kwesifo sofuba kanye ne-psychosomatics kubantu abadala basondelene kakhulu kuphela ngokubona kwa-esotericists. Kukholelwa ukuthi impendulo enganele ngokwanele yesistimu yokuzivikela ishukunyiswa ukulahlwa kwangaphakathi komuntu noma isimo. Isibonelo, i-pedant ingathola ukuhambisana kwe-pathology ekuthintaneni nothuli, kanye ne-vegan - neprotheyini yesilwane. Uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kulezi zimo ngeke aqinisekise lesi sifo esibucayi, uzotholakala "nge-pseudoallergia".