Ngesifo esithathelwanayo, isifo se-parotitis (isifo samangqamuzana), abaningi bayazibonela ngokwabo, ngoba babegula naye njengengane. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, igciwane liyakwazi ukuthatha izingane zasenkulisa nabantwana besikole (kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-15), kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi abantu abadala bayiphakamisa.
Iyini imithi?
Lezi zifo ziyaziwa isikhathi eside, ngekhulu le-V incazelo yalo itholakala emibhalweni kaHippocrates. Nakuba uhlobo lwesifo abantu bekwazi ukubona kuphela ngekhulu lama-20, futhi ukugoma kokuqala kwenziwa kuphela ngo-1945. I-parotitis yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu. Leli gama livela kwisiLatin "glandula parotidea" - okuthiwa i-parotid salivary gland: ithela uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni. Ngaphandle, isifo esinjengezimvu zingatholakala kalula. Kuzo izicubu ezithandayo, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuzwa izindlebe kanye nentanyeni. Ubuso buvuthwa, buzungeza, njengengulube, ngakho-ke igama elidumile.
I-pig - izimbangela zesifo
Igciwane le-mumps lingokomndeni we-paramyxoviruses futhi aliphikisanga kakhulu nezinto zangaphandle, kodwa ingaqhubeka nokushisa kwamahhala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-3-4, futhi emazingeni okushisa aphansi angahlala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Lesi sifo sibhalwa yonke indawo futhi unyaka wonke, ukuphakama - isikhathi sasebusika-entwasahlobo. Ukwehluleka kwegciwane - 50%. Ukutheleleka kunconywa yizici ezifana nalezi:
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka;
- ukuphakama kwabantu abaningi.
Ingulube - isifo sisakazwa kanjani?
Ungabamba igciwane kuphela komunye umuntu futhi uxhumane isikhathi eside. Umthombo futhi uyithwala futhi ugcine ukutheleleka. Kwaphela isonto nengxenye ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu, isiguli singadlulisela igciwane ngokuqhubekayo, sinikeze emvelweni, ukusuka lapho sidlula khona emgqonyeni we-nasopharynx kwenye indawo. Amagundane e-Pathogen adluliselwa ngamathambo, amaconsi amancane. Izingane zithola igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sokudlala imidlalo, zihlala ekamelweni elifanayo. Ukwelashwa kungena emzimbeni wesisulu esisha ngezindlela eziningana:
- engxoxweni (noma omunye oxhumana naye oseduze);
- u-kiss;
- ukukhwehlela noma ukukhipha.
Amangqamuzana yisifo somntwana. Isikhathi esivamile kakhulu sesandulela ngculaza sisuka eminyakeni engu-4 ukuya kweyisishiyagalolunye, nakuba ingozi ihlala iminyaka eyi-15-17. Ngesikhathi esidlule, kunzima kakhulu ukuthatha igciwane - izingane zivikela umkhuhlane womama kuze kube unyaka, isb. ama-antibodies avikelayo asakazwa nguye ngesikhathi ekhulelwe. Ukutheleleka ekukhuleni kungenzeka, kodwa kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu.
Amaphutha - imiphumela
Imiphumela ye-mumps ayibonakali ngokushesha. Esikhathini esizayo, kungathinta isimiso sezinzwa nokuzala. Ukutheleleka kuthinta ama-gland noma ama-glandular, njenge:
- amacici;
- ama-ovaries;
- i-prostate gland;
- i-pancreas;
- ubisi;
- i-gland gland.
Ukunciphisa iminyaka yobugulayo, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba izinkinga ezinkulu zizokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Inkambo encane yalesi sifo idlula ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kungenzeka ukhathazeke, lapho amafomu aphakathi nesimo esibi ephenduka isifo somzimba; imiphumela kubafana ngezinye izikhathi kuyingozi kakhulu. Bayozibonakalisa kuphela ekukhuleni ngendlela efana ne-orchitis - ukuvuvukala kwethempulethi. Yonke insizwa yesithathu iyathinteka yilesi sifo, futhi uma igciwane lishaya amaqanda amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, lisongela ukungabi nalutho. Ikakhulukazi lapho ingulube ithathwa lapho ikhulile. Ezinye izimo ezenzeka ngemva kwalesi sifo:
- Isifo sikashukela. Kungenzeka uma i-parotitis icindezelwa yi-pancreatitis.
- Ukuzizwa. Kuyenzeka uma lesi sifo sithinta indlebe yangaphakathi noma i-auditor nererve.
- I-Syndrome ye "iso elomile". Ukumiswa okusheshayo kwendwangu yamangqamuzana kubangela ukuvuvukala kwezigulane ezibulalayo.
- Ukwehlisa ukuzwela - uma lesi sifo sibe imbangela ye-meningitis, ukuvuvukala kwentambo yomgogodla, ubuchopho.
Ngingakwazi yini ukuthola izimpumputhe?
I-parotitis ye-Epidemic yisifo esingelapheki kabili. Igciwane lishiya ngemuva kokuzivikela okuqhubekayo. Egazini empilweni yonke, izifo zomzimba ziqhubeka zijikeleza, ezivimbela lowo owile igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe kuzophangwa. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okungenakwenzeka kwezifo eziphindaphindiwe (kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1%) asele. Ingozi ikhuphuka ibe yi-25% ngemva kokumpompela igazi kanye nokufakelwa komnyoba wamathambo, lapho iningi lamagciwane elwa nomzimba.
I-epidemic parotitis - izimpawu
Ingulube - isifo "esibonakalayo". Izibonakaliso zangaphandle zesifo zingatholakala ngaphandle kokuvakashela udokotela, izimpawu ezikhanyayo zezimfudu zibonakala ebusweni (noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba). Ukwaziswa ngalezi zibonakaliso kusiza ukusabela ngokushesha futhi kuqale ukulawula lesi sifo ezinyathelweni zakuqala. Lokhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile uma i-parotitis iqala ezinganeni, izimpawu zabo ngokwabo abazikwazi ukuzibona.
I-Parotite - isikhathi sokufaka incubation
Isikhathi esifushane, lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni, kepha lowo osulelekile akasakasoli ngalokhu, uhlala isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwezimpumputhe izinsuku ezingu-11-23; esiphezulu - inyanga, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso izimpumputhe zibonakalisa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-20. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutheleleka kusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, kungena egazini; igciwane landa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwi-mucosa. Ngosuku lokugcina le-incubation period, othwala isingozi kwabanye. 1-2 izinsuku ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala, ukutheleleka kwanda.
I-parotitis ye-Epidemic - izimpawu zokuqala
Esikhathini esibizwa nge-prodromal period, umuntu othole igciwane uqala ukuzwa u-malaise, ubuthakathaka. Kukhona ubuhlungu besisindo, ikhanda kanye nohlangene. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kuyimviva: izimpawu zesifo azibonakali. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3 zokubonakaliswa kwalezi zimpawu, kufika isikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, kufana nokubandayo okuvamile. Isibonelo:
- Ukuphindwa komlomo, umphimbo, umlomo (umehluko omkhulu ovela ku-angina). Indawo yokuphuma emigodini yezingqungquthela ze-salivary igcwele kakhulu.
- Ukwanda okuthe xaxa kokushisa (kufika ku-40 degrees).
- Ubuhlungu endaweni yezinhlayiya ze-parotid.
- Ukunzima ngokudla: kunzima ukuhlafuna nokugwinya, ikakhulukazi ukudla okubangela ukukhuphuka kwemali.
Ibukeka bunjani ama-mumps?
Izimpawu ezicacile zalesi sifo ziqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokuzenzekelayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kwesikhathi sokukhushulwa. I-parotid gland iyashisa, okwandisa esihlathini, ukuvuvukala kubonakala phambi kwe-auricle. I-uvula ihamba phambili futhi iqhubeke. Indawo yesilonda iyabuhlungu. Ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwegundane le-salivary emlonyeni, ubomvu kanye nephunga elimnandi lenzekile. Kwabafana, i-parotitis ingahambisana nokuvuvukala kwe-testicle. Ngemva kwesonto isifo sehagu sibonisa, isiguli asivunyelwe ukuxhumana nabanye, sigweme ukutheleleka.
I-parotitis - ukuxilongwa
Esikhathini esijwayelekile sokugula, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala kwesiguli. Uma zonke izimpawu zihambelana, ziyizimpawu; Ama-mumps amelela izici ezibonakalayo zangaphandle ezilukhuni ukudidanisa nezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, kunezibonakaliso ezingekho emthethweni, ezingabonakali zesifo. Khona-ke, ukuze uqinisekise imvelo yayo yemvelo, imisebenzi elandelayo yenziwa:
- uthathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okumele kubonise igciwane;
- ama-antibodies ahambisana nama-mumps atholakala;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi.
I-parotitis - ukwelashwa
Izifo ze-piggy azikho izindlela ezikhethekile zokwelapha nezidakamizwa. Ukwelashwa kunqunywe udokotela emva kokuhlolwa, ngokusekelwe ezimpawu ezithile kanye nokuqina kwesifo. Ungasusa lesi sifo ekhaya, uma ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela (kumele alawule inqubo). Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo zezidakamizwa, ezifana nama-analgesics, ukuqeda ubuhlungu be-syndrome (i-Baralgin, i-Pentalgin) nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukuvuvukala (Tavegil, Suprastin, njll). Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-parotitis yesifo, iziphakamiso zokwelashwa zimi kanje:
- Ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile. Kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-10 emva kokubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala isiguli sigcina ukuphumula kombhede.
- Ukudla okunomsoco - ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezivuthayo, futhi ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pancreatitis, ukudla kunomzimba omanzi, okufudumele. Okuthandwayo kunikelwa imikhiqizo yemifino kanye nobisi.
- Uma kutholakala ukuthi kunezinambuzane, ukwelashwa ezinganeni kuhilela ukuqeda imishanguzo: ukuxazululwa kwezixazululo ezincelisayo, izidakamizwa zesisu nokushisa ( Ibuprofen , Paracetamol). Ngisebenza ukushisa okumile endaweni evulekile.
- Kwezinye izimo, imiyalo ikhethekile. Nge-orchitis, i-corticosteroids isetshenziswa. Izinkinga ngepheshana lamathumbu zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-enzyme ye-pancreatic
I-epidemic parotitis - izinkinga
Uma ungalandeli izincomo zikadokotela, inkambo yesifo ingaba nzima ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye amagciwane. Ezinye zazo ziyingozi, kepha ngezimvu zikhona ngamafomu amancane futhi alinganisiwe. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi isakhi eyenziwe i-parotite njengelitshe, izinkinga zingaba kanje:
- I-Orchitis. Kuthola amacala angu-20% kuziguli ezinabantu abadala.
- I-Oophoritis. Uyakwazi ukuthatha abesifazane abangu-5% abaye babamba amathumbu ngemuva kokukhulelwa .
- I-meningitis eyi-viral. Kwenzeka kuphela ku-1% wamacala.
- I-Pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas) - amathuba okuhlukunyezwa kwe-5%.
- Phakathi kwemiphumela engavamile, kodwa eyingozi kakhulu, i-encephalitis isifo sobuchopho. I-pig iholela ekuthuthukiseni kwayo ku-1 icala lika-6000.
I-epidemic parotitis - ukuvimbela
Kunezindlela eziningana ezivunyelwe ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamangqamuzana: ukusungulwa kokuhlukanisa izikhungo ezikoleni nasemfundweni yangaphambi kwesikole kanye nokugoma okuvikelayo. Lezi zinsuku zenzelwe izingane eziphilile kuphela ukuze zivikeleke kulesi sifo. Ukugoma kusuka emathunjini kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi lesi sifo ngeke sifinyelele ekukhuleni. Faka kabili njengengxenye yomgomo wokugoma "amasosha omunyu, ama-mumps, i-rubella" kabili:
- Ezinyangeni ezingu-12.
- Eminyakeni engu-6-7.
Uma ukugoma kungenziwanga ebuntwaneni (abazali benqaba noma ngezizathu zezokwelapha umgomo awukwenziwe), ungenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinsana nabantu abadala bathola umjovo wokuvimbela ngezimo ezifanayo: kumele babe nempilo enhle, abanazo izifo zesimiso se-hematopoietic. Ngokweziboniso ngabanye, ukugoma okuphuthumayo kungenziwa. Uma kwakukhona ukuthintana nesiguli, usuku lokuqala noma abantu ababili babeka umjovo, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa, futhi lesi sifo sitholakala ngesimo esincane.
Isifo se-pig akubhekwa njengengozi. Kuphela ezimweni ezinganaki futhi ezingekho emthethweni ziholela ezinkingeni, kodwa azibulali futhi azidingi izihambi (ngaphandle kwe- encephalitis ). Iningi labo bonke abantu liyesaba ukwelashwa okungenzeka - lapha into eyinhloko ukuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi. Kulula ukubhekana nalesi sifo uma ulandela imiyalelo yesidakamizwa oya khona bese uqala izifundo zokwelapha ngesikhathi.