Isimo se-asthmatic ukuhlaselwa kabuhlungu kwesifo sokuphefumula, lapho kukhona khona ukuhluleka kokuphefumula ngenxa ye-edema ye-mucosa ye-bronchial, i-spasms yemisipha ye-bronchi kanye ne-viscous mucus airways. Kulokhu, ukuhlaselwa akukayeki ngisho nokulinganiselwa okuphezulu kwe-bronchodilators, okuvame ukuthatha isiguli. Lesi simo sisongela ukuphila futhi sidinga usizo olusheshayo.
Izimbangela zesimo se-asthmatic
Ezigulini ezine-asthma e-bronchial, le nkinga ingakhula ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:
- Ukungabikho kokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo (ikakhulukazi, ukungena kwe-glucocorticosteroids).
- Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-beta-adrenostimulants (ukwamukela ngokweqile kuholela ekunciphiseni ubuzwe nokwanda kwe-edema ye-bronchi).
- Imiphumela yezilwane (uthuli, izitshalo zomunwe, uboya, izimpaphe, isikhunta, ukudla okunye, njll).
- Imithi ethile (izidakamizwa ezingezona izifo ezivuthayo zokuvuvukala , amaphilisi okulala kanye nezidakamizwa, ama-antibiotics, ama-serum ahlukahlukene kanye nemigomo).
- Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo nezivuthayo zesimiso se-bronchopulmonary.
Izimpawu nezigaba zesimo se-asthmatic
Inkambo yokuhlaselwa ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu, ngasinye esibhekene nezimpawu zayo zomtholampilo:
1. Isigaba sokuqala yisikhathi sesinxephezelo esihambisana naso, esiboniswa yizibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba isiguli;
- ubunzima obukhulu ekuphumuleni;
- ukuphoqeleka ukuphoqeleka ukuphefumula - ukuhlala noma ukuma ngesibindi ukuqhubekela phambili, ngokusekelwa kwezandla;
- ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu ngaphandle kwephunga;
- isondo elikhulu esifuba;
- izinhliziyo zomzimba;
- i-cyanosis yenxantathu ye-nasolabial;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ukuhoxiswa kwezikhala ze-intercostal.
Kulesi sigaba ngenxa yekhono lokunciphisa umzimba, ukubunjwa kwegesi kwegazi kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile. Isiguli siyazi, singakwazi ukuxhumana.
2. Isigaba sesibili - isikhathi sokukhokhiswa kwemali, okubonakala ngezimpawu:
- ukuhlukumeza kwezimpawu zezinga lokuqala;
- ukuvimbela, ngezikhathi ezithile ezijabulisa;
- ukuphefumula okukhulu;
- isifuba esimweni sokuphefumulelwa okuphezulu, ukunyakaza kwayo cishe kungabonakali;
- ukukhishwa kwezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwe-supralavicular;
- i-cyanosis yezindebe nesikhumba;
- umfutho wegazi ophansi;
- i-pulse ebuthakathaka futhi evamile.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-spasm ye-bronchi iyanda, cishe akukho ukunyakaza komoya emaphashini, ezinye izingxenye zamaphaphu zixhunyiwe kusukela ekuphefumuleni. Lokhu kubangela ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni nokwanda kwe-carbon dioxide emzimbeni.
3. Isigaba sesithathu - izimpikiswano zokungena kwe-ventilation, ezibonakaliswa yizibonakaliso:
- ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana nabanye;
- ukuphefumula okungavamile noma ukuphefumula;
- umthambo we-arrhythmic obuthakathaka;
- ukuxubha;
- ukulahlekelwa kokwazi.
Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwesimo se-asthmatic
Usizo lokuqala lokuqala lwe-asthmatic isimo kanje:
- Mema ngokuphuthumayo i-ambulensi.
- Nikeza isiguli ngomoya omusha.
- Siza isiguli ukuthatha indawo ekhululekile.
- Nika isiguli isiphuzo esifudumele.
- Khipha umphumela wezilwane.
Ukwelashwa kwesimo se-asthmatic
Ukwelapha (ukupheka) kwesimo se-asthmatic kwenziwa ezimweni zunithi yokunakekelwa okukhulu. Esigabeni sesithathu salokhu kuhlaselwa, kuqaliswa ukuxilongwa kwezinyathelo zokwelapha ekhaya nasezikhathini zokuhamba. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa:
- ukwelapha oksijini;
- ukwelashwa kwe-infusion;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama- antihistamine ;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-bronchodilator.
Uma kunesidingo, isiguli sidluliselwa kumoya wokufakelwa kwamaphaphu.