I-Down's syndrome akuyona isifo, kodwa i-anomaly anomaly eholela ekushintsheni okukhulu emzimbeni. Akaphilwanga. Yingakho kulungile kakhulu ukusho "isifo", hhayi "ukugula".
I-Syndrome ihilela isethi yezici ezithile nezici ezithile. Igama lakhe wathokoza udokotela waseBrithani, okokuqala echaza - uJohn L. Down. I-Down syndrome yi-anomaly ejwayelekile kakhulu. Kuye kwazalwa cishe ingane eyodwa kwabangu-700. Manje ngenxa yezindlela zokuthola abesifazane abakhulelwe lesi sibalo sincane kancane, 1: 1000. Indlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi ngabe ingane ine-chromosomal eyingqayizivele ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi okuphuma emthonjeni womlomo. Bonke omama abasendaweni engozini, kunconywa ukuba bakwenze.
Ingane esanda kuzalwa ene-Down syndrome
Odokotela bezingane abanolwazi banganquma lokho kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ziyaziwa ngezici eziningana zezici.
Izimpawu Zengane Ephansi:
- ubuso bendawo kanye nekhala elibanzi lendawo;
- amehlo e-oblique ukugwinya. Ekhoneni elingaphakathi liso kukhona umkhombandlela;
- ikhanda elifushane, ikhanda eliphambene, izinkinga zezindlebe;
- vula umlomo omncane. Isibhakabhaka esifushane, ulimi aluhambisani, luphuma emlonyeni;
- i-hypotone - ithoni le-muscle elibuthakathaka. Ukuhamba okuhlangene okwandisiwe;
- I-45% yezingane ezine-Down syndrome zinomunye owodwa ohamba phambili entendeni yesundu.
Njengomthetho, ingane ene-Down syndrome inezinkinga zangaphakathi. Okuvamile phakathi kwabo:
- ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa. Zenzeka ezinganeni ezingu-40%;
- izinkinga ngamehlo. I-strabismus ekhulile, i-cataract, i-glaucoma;
- ukuzwa ukukhubazeka;
- i-pathology ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla;
- ngezinye izikhathi umntwana angase athole ukuyeka ukuphefumula ebuthongweni, lokhu kubangelwa ukungajwayelekile e-oropharynx;
- izifo zesimiso se-endocrine;
- ukuphazamiseka kwezixhobo zokuqapha (ukuphanga i-dysplasia, ukungabikho kombambo owodwa, ukuguqulwa kwesifuba, ukukhula okuphansi).
Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa ngenani lama-chromosomes. Yenziwa yi-geneticist.
Ngokuyinhloko, izingane ezine-Down syndrome zala ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwazo kusuka ontanga yabo. Kwakuvame ukuba ukuthi izingane ezinjalo zihlehliswa ngokwengqondo. Kodwa manje lokhu kukhulunywa ngakho kancane kancane. > Ngempela, ukuthuthukiswa kwengane Down kuyashesha, kodwa yizingane ezifanayo njengawo wonke umuntu. Futhi ukungena kwabo empumelelweni ekuphileni kuxhomeke ekutheni abantu abaseduze bayasabela kanjani ngalokhu ngokuqonda.
Kungani abantwana be-Downa bezalwa?
I-Down syndrome ibonakala njengomphumela wezifo zofuzo, lapho kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba kukhona i-chromosome eyengeziwe. Ezinganeni ezinempilo, kunezinhlangothi ezingu-23 zama-chromosomes kumaseli (isamba esingu-46). Ingxenye eyodwa iya kumntanami evela kumama, enye evela kumapapa. Ingane ene-Down syndrome emaqenjini angu-21 we-chromosomes ine-chromosome engalahlekile, ngakho-ke lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-trisomy. Le chromosome ingatholakala kusukela kokubili kwesidoda kanye neqanda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uma uhlukanisa i-oocyte ne-trisomy, iseli ngalinye elilandelayo liqukethe i-chromosome eyengeziwe. Ngokuphelele, ama-chromosomes angu-47 avela esitokisini ngasinye. Ukuba khona kwayo kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke inyama kanye nempilo yengane.
Ngokuvamile, abantwana base-Downa bazalwa kusukela, kuze kube sekugcineni ukungaziwa. Ochwepheshe baqaphele izici eziningana lapho le syndrome kwenzeka khona kaningi.
Izizathu zokuzalwa kwengane ephansi:
- Ubudala babazali. Abadala abazali, kuphakama amathuba okuba nengane ene-Down syndrome. Ubudala bomama buvela ku-35, ubaba - kusuka ku-45.
- Izici zofuzo zabazali. Isibonelo, kumaseli wabazali, ama-chromosomes angu-45, isb. 21 ifakwe komunye futhi ayikwazi ukubonwa.
- Imishado esondelene kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa ososayensi base-Ukraine lubonise ukuthi umsebenzi we-solar ungathinta ukubonakala kwe-gene anomaly. Kuphawulwe ukuthi isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwezingane ezine-Down syndrome sandulela umsebenzi ophezulu we-solar. Mhlawumbe, akuyona ingozi ukuthi lezi zingane zibizwa ngokuthi i-solar. Kodwa-ke, lapho iqiniso seluvele lenziwe, akukhathazi ukuthi kungani ingane ene-Down's syndrome izalwa. Kufanele uqonde ukuthi ungumuntu ofanayo. Futhi abantu abaseduze kufanele bamsize ukuba abe umuntu omdala.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ene-Down Syndrome
Yiqiniso, abazali abanezingane ezine-Down's syndrome ngeke babe nobunzima. Ngenhlanhla, manje abazali abambalwa bashiya izingane ezinjalo. Futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayamukela lesi simo, futhi benze konke okusemandleni futhi okungenakwenzeka ukukhulisa umuntu ojabulayo.
Ingane enjalo idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ezingezansi zomzimba, izifo ezithintekayo. Odokotela bangakhipha izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezinganciphisa umthelela we-syndrome.
Abazali bavame ukukhathazeka ukuthi bangaki abantwana abahlala e-Downa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukulinda kwabo iminyaka engu-50.
Ingane ene-Down syndrome iqala kancane kancane. Kamuva uqala ukubamba ikhanda (ngezinyanga ezintathu), uhlale (ngonyaka), hamba (kuya eminyakeni emibili). Kodwa la magama angancishiswa uma ungadonseli futhi ucele usizo oluvela kubachwepheshe.
Yiqiniso, ezweni lakithi manje lalezi zingane azidalwanga izimo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubandlululo lwabantu luvimbela izingane ezinjalo ukuvakashela izingadi nezikole. Kodwa-ke, emadolobheni amaningi kukhona izikhungo zokuvuselela, izikhungo ezikhethekile zangaphambi kwesikole zihlelekile.
Abazali bengane kufanele benze konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okugcwele nezingane, ukuya ezifundweni ezihlangene namaholide, njll.
Njengomthetho, izingane ezinjalo uhlelo olwenziwe lwezifundo lwenziwa, okufaka:
- Ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile. Kubalulekile ekwakheni amakhono emoto. Ama-gymnastics kufanele aqalwe esemncane futhi enze nsuku zonke.
Njengoba ingane ikhula, isisindo sokuzivocavoca sishintsha. - Ukubhuka kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvuselelwa kwengane. Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele nokuthuthukiswa kwengane.
- Amageyimu anomntwana: umunwe, osebenzayo. Imidlalo yokuqoqa ibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukufunda ama-alfabhethi ne-akhawunti.
- Ukufunda nokukhumbula ngezinkondlo zenhliziyo, izingoma zokucula, njll.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukukhulisa ingane nge-Down's syndrome ngokuphila okuzimele. Ungazihlukanisi emphakathini, ungazifihli ezindongeni ezine. Uthando nokunakekelwa kuzomsiza ukuba ahambe nazo zonke izinkinga futhi aphile impilo egcwele.