Uma ungazi kusengaphambili indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba ngezithombo ngokufanele, awukwazi nje ukulimaza isivuno, kepha ngokuvamile uhlala ngaphandle kwayo. Izithombo zidinga ukudala izimo ezikhethekile ukuze emva kokudluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile abagula noma abafa ngaphandle kokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ngokulinganisela.
Ikhukhamba izithombo - ezikhulayo ekhaya
Ukutshala imbewu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngqo embhedeni, noma izithombo zidluliselwa kwamakhasethi embhede. Indlela yokuqala iveza isitshalo esincane, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela inhlabathi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi asifudumali ngokwanele. Izithombo ezikhulayo zika ukhukhamba zithembisa umphumela wekhwalithi - imifino ingavunwa ngaphambili, ngoba izithombo zilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukuze bakhule beqinile, kubalulekile:
- njalo uchithe imbewu;
- unikeze amandla okushisa okudingekayo;
- ukugwema ama-drafts;
- kahle utshalwe futhi udliwe ngamanyolo aphephile aphilayo.
Lapho ukutshala ukhukhamba for izithombo?
Lesi siko singomunye wothando lokushisa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela kokushisa kwomoya kanye nezinga lokufudumala kwenhlabathi ngenkathi kudluliselwa izithombo. Imigomo yokuhlwanyela ukhukhamba yezithombo ibalwa ngokusho komgomo olandelayo:
- Lapho izitshalo zihlwanyelwa ensimini, izinga lokushisa kwalo kufanele libe okungenani 15 ° C. Ngamanani aphansi, isiko lekhukhamba likhula kabi.
- Esimo sezulu esifudumele, izimo ezinjalo zenzeka ngasekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukutshala imbewu ngendlela efanele ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli.
- Uma imifino ikhula ezindaweni ezingeningizimu, le nkathi izohlehliswa phakathi kukaMashi.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yamakhukhamba okuhlwanyela izithombo
Ukusheshisa i-fruiting akulona okunzima nokucubungula okulungile kokutshala izinto. Ukulungiselela imbewu yamakhukhamba okutshala ezitsheni yenzelwe:
- Ukulungisa. Kuphela inyanga kufanele igcinwe eduze kwamadivayisi okushisa ekushiseni okungaba ngu-25 ° C, ukuze banike amahlumela anobungane ngemuva kokuba banqume ukutshala.
- Ukukhishwa kanzima. Imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate amahora angu-2-3.
- Ukuvuvukala. Imbewu ehlanziwe igcinwe ngendwangu encane encane noma i-cotton pads endaweni emnyama efudumele ngaphambi kokuba iqale.
Umhlabathi wezithombo zamakhukhamba
Ungazami ukukhula amahlumela ezweni elithathwe engadini: lihlwempu kakhulu futhi ligcwele izifo kanye nezinhlobo eziyingozi ezitshalweni. Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yezithombo zamakhukhamba kubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi elula futhi ecebile kuma humus. Ukusebenza kahle kwamakhemikhali afana nalokhu:
- Izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat, izingxenye ezimbili ze-sawdust noma izinkuni zezinkuni, ingxenye engu-1 yama-humus.
- Ingxenye 1 yezwe le-sod, izingxenye ezimbili zomquba noma ama-humus.
- Izingxenye ezingu-5 ze-peat, ingxenye engu-1 i-Mullein nezingxenye ezimbili ze-compost.
Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba ngezithombo?
Imbewu elungiselelwe kahle iqala ukuhluma ezindaweni ezigumbini ukuze zithole izitshalo ezinempilo ezifanelekile ukuthunyelwa endaweni yokuhlala unomphela. Kunezindlela ezintathu ezithandwa kakhulu zokukhuphula izithombo zekhukhamba:
- Ukungena emabhokisini. Kuthatha ukukhethwa okulandelayo emkhunjini omncane. Inqubo efanayo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuhluma emakhazeni" - ibhodlela elingavamile- "shank".
- Ukutshala imbewu yamakhukhamba ibe yizimbela ezindebe zepulasitiki noma i-honeycomb yamaphepha. Inhlanganisela yomhlabathi esetshenzisiwe kumele ihanjiswe okokuqala ngamaminerali okufaka umanyolo.
- Ukulima emakhasethi we-peat. Isakhiwo esenziwe kuzo sinesakhiwo esibucayi esivumela izimpande ukuba zihlume kuyo ngaphandle kokulimala.
Ukutshala ukhukhamba ezimbizeni ze-peat zezithombo
Lesi sitsha sibhekwa njengezinto eziphilayo: sisetshenziselwa kanye kanye nokubola ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba ezikhungweni ze-peat kufanele kuqalwe ngokufaka iziqukathi emanzini, emva kwalokho kumele zomiswe futhi zenziwe phansi ngezansi. Ukuze utshale imbewu, kuzomele ulandele umyalelo othize:
- Ibhodlela aligculiswanga phezulu kakhulu: ibanga kusuka ezingeni lomxube wenhlabathi kumkhawulo kufanele libe yi-1-1.5 cm.
- Izinhlamvu ezingu-2-3 zifakwe kwisitsha ngasinye. Ngisho nabalimi beloli abajwayele ukutshala noma yikuphi ukukhukhamba ngezitshalo ngokunembile, ngezinye izikhathi bathola ukuthi ingxenye yezitshalo ayihlwanyeli. Uma imbewu eziningana zivela embizeni eyodwa, zingakhanjelwa kamuva.
- Ukufika phezulu kuhlanganiswe umhlaba futhi kugcwele ifilimu yokudla izinsuku ezingu-4-5.
Ukutshala ukhukhamba zibe amahlumela ku-cochlea
Kunezinye izindlela zokuhluma, ukonga isikhala ekamelweni. Lokhu kuyimbewu yamakhukhamba e-"cochlea", ehlanjwe kusuka ku-ifilimu futhi ibhodwe, ihlukaniswe ibe imikhakha eminingana yokuvunguza. Ukuze uyidale, uzodinga: isitsha esivulekile, ifilimu noma i-substrate ye-laminate, ama-strib bands kanye nomhlaba. Ukutshala imbewu "enkonzweni", udinga:
- Ibhebhoni e-10-cm-wide ifakwe ekugcineni komunye, uhlaka lwesigamu esingu-1 cm luthululelwa kulo, okumele lufakwe kancane ngeminwe.
- Imbewu ibeka eceleni lonke ubude befilimu, kude no-2 cm ukusuka komunye wemiphetho. Kudingeka ukuthi ifafazwe kalula ngomhlaba, njengoba utshala ukhukhamba ngezithombo ngokufanele, uma zihambisana ngokuqinile ne-polyethylene, ngeke zisebenze.
- I-ribbon enomhlabathi kanye nembewu ihlanganiswe emgqeni ukuze ifane nomqulu. "Umnumzane" uhlanganiswe ne-band elastic futhi efakwe ebhodweni elibala.
Ukunakekela izithombo zamakhukhamba ekhaya
Uma kukhona amahlumela, izimbiza zidluliselwa efesiteleni elikhanyayo. Izigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu, okubandakanya ukunakekela izithombo zamakhukhamba ngemuva kokuhluma, ukugcoba nokugqoka okuphezulu. Izincomo eziyinhloko yizi:
- Ukuchelela njalo. Amanzi akufanele afiphaze izimpande, ngakho-ke kuyoba kuhle ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokudonsa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-fertilizer. Isikhathi esisodwa sicebisa inhlabathi nge nitrogen ne-magnesium, ezama ukungafihli amaqabunga neziqu.
- Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla. Akukwanele ukwazi ukutshala ukhukhamba ngezithombo ngendlela efanele, ngoba kudingeka futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amahlumela awashelwa. Kufanele bathole inani elidingekayo lokukhanya: uma kungekho ilanga elanele, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isibani ngaphezu kwalokho.
Ukuthatha izithombo zekhukhamba
Uma izithombo zikhula esitsheni esifanayo, bese kubonakala amaqabunga ama-3-4 kumele adluliselwe esitsheni esivumelwaneni esivumelwaneni somhlabathi omusha. Ukuhamba nge-ikhukhamba izithombo kungenziwa kahle ngendlela elandelayo:
- Okokuqala, iziqukathi zokufakelwa kwezitshalo zilungiselelwe-izinkomishi zeplastiki noma i-peat cassettes. Zigcwele inhlabathi evela kumhlaba we-sod, i-peat ne-sawdust.
- Izitshalo ziphuziswa kakhulu, bese zikhishwa ngesipuni seplastiki.
- Ezingxenyeni zokukhethwa kusengaphambili, kwenziwa izintambo, lapho izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe khona, okumele zijuliswe kuma-cotyledons.
Izifo zezinkamba zekhukhamba
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isifunda esikhulayo, abalimi babhekene nokunakekela imifino enezinkinga ezifanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izifo zekhukhamba izithombo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo, ukuxilongwa kufanele kuqalwe kahle ngokutadisha izinguquko ezenzeka ngesitshalo:
- Uma amaqabunga ephuzi, izithombo azikho ukufaka umquba wokumbiwa kwamaminerali. Ukunciphisa umlingana omncane noma ukungabi khona kwe-potassium kunikeza amahlumela umthunzi ohlukile.
- Lapho izimbobo ezinkulu zivela emaceleni amaqabunga, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi zixazululwe yibhere, ezingasuswa kalula ngokuxuba uviniga nomsundu omnyama.
- Ukumboza okumhlophe kulesisindo sokutshala ukuthi sesifo sengculazi. Amahlumela abathintekile anqunywa, okunye - okufakwe nge-mix equeous of soda ash kanye nesepha.
- Ukuchichima kwamakhukhamba kubangela ukuba izimpande zibole : izithombo zingafa uma umhlaba ungasetshenzisiwe kahle, emva kokuwuxuba ne-Previcur.