Ekuxazululeni inkinga, indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia, umuntu kufanele abhekane nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, ekutadisheni ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwanyela imbewu nokukhipha izithombo , ukuvikela izindawo eziluhlaza ezivela ezintweni ezilimazayo. Yonke imizamo yabe isetshenziselwa ukukhokha ngokuphindwe kabili, ngoba ngokuhlolisisa lesi siko sinesimo esiphambili emhlabeni.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunias engadini?
Uma unesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi ungakhula kanjani i-petunia, kuhle ukujwayelana nemvelaphi yembali nezinhlobo zayo ezidumile. Le shrub yokuhlobisa ibhekisela emndenini waseSolanaceae, abacwaningi baseYurophu baqala ukuyithola eBrazil. Izihlobo eziseduzane ze-petunia zanamuhla ziwugwayi kanye no-utamatisi namazambane, ezindaweni ezifudumele zitshalwa njengenqamu. Sinesiko lesi sikhulile njengonyaka ukuhlobisa amasango, loggias noma ama-balconi.
Ngokuzalisa izitshalo zasendle iminyaka eminingi, izinhlobo eziningi ze-hybride ziye zaziwa ezidumile ngezici zazo zokuhlobisa. Embuzweni wokuthi kufanele ukhule kanjani i-petunia ngendlela efanele, uqale udinga ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanele ukukhetha lapho uthenga imbewu yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-petunias nezinhlobo eziningi ze-subspecies zangempela:
- I-Cascade petunia - iyakha izihlahla ezinkulu, ezikwazi ukunikeza amagatsha ase-lateral. Uma ungenayo isipiliyoni, ungakhula kanjani i-petunia, bese ungahlwanyeli izitshalo ezingaphezu kwezintathu ebhodweni elilodwa. Izinhlobo ezidumile - i-cherry, isiphepho, i-Duble Cascade, i-Silver, i-Gioconda, i-Ramblin.
- I-Ampelia petunia iyi- shrub enamandla enamahlumela ahlala isikhathi eside , ehlanganiswa kusukela ehlobo kuze kube seqhwa ngefihlekile ka-50-10 cm ububanzi. Imvula yamanzi, i-Lilac surf, i-White, i-Royal Magenta, i-Mystic Pink, i-White, i-Pink, i-Lavender, i-Blue, i- I-Wave, I-Wave Yesivunguvungu.
- I-shrub petunia - amafomu akhule kancane okuphakama kwamahlathi angama-30 cm. Kuhle kakhulu kubantu abaxazulula le nkinga, ukuthi bakhulisa kanjani i-petunia ezimbizeni endaweni enganiselwe. Izinhlobo eziphakanyisiwe zingumculi, i-Sonata, i-Valentine, i-Duo F1, i-Double Cascade Plum Wayne.
- I-Petunia floribunda - ezinkampanini zitholakala endaweni ephakathi phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu nezinhlobonhlobo. Izimbali zakha ububanzi obungaba ngu-10 cm, kubonakala kuhle lapho zihlobisa izinto eziningi. Ukuze uhlakulele ezindaweni ezincane, ochwepheshe batusa uchungechunge olulandelayo lwezinhlobonhlobo ze-petunia floribunda - iNdodana ye-Sonya F1, i-Celebrity rong F1 Series, iMadness F1 Series.
Petunia - ukukhula kusuka imbewu
Ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthi ungakhula kanjani i-petunia enhle kusuka emakhaya ekhaya, ungamane futhi ungabizi izindleko eziningi. Imbewu entsha etholakalayo ixubene nesihlabathi somfula futhi ihlwanyelwe emhlabathini okhanyayo, ngendlela engokoqobo. Phonsa amanzi amancane phezulu bese umboza isitsha ngeshidi lesikhumba, ekushiseni kwe-23 ° C petunia kuzovuka ngesonto. Umswakama ugcina okulinganiselayo, ukuze ungaqhubeki ukuthuthukiswa komlenze omnyama . Ikhetha ku-greenhouse esiyikhiqizayo kusukela ngo-Ephreli, emhlabathini ovulekile we-petunia ukhule ngokufika kokushisa okuzinzile.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kusuka ku-cuttings?
Ngokuzala imbewu, isigamu sezithombo sikhula nge-petunia elula izimbali, ngakho-ke ama-cuttings akhula kakhulu amafomu we-terry ukuze alondoloze izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlanzi zasebusika ezinyangeni zasebusika zigcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ekushiseni kwe-12 ° C. Ngo-Mashi, usike ama-cuttings ngamaqabunga angu-4-5. Ngemva kokukhipha amaqabunga amabili aphansi, amahlumela aphathwa nge "Kornevin". Bese bebekwa emhlabathini kusukela esihlabathini, ku-turf nangomquba. Sijulisa izithombo ezinkomishini isigamu esisodwa nesigamu ngaphezu kwefindo. Ufafaza i-petunia ngaphansi kweglasi ngesikhathi sokushisa kufika ku-25 ° C, udala usuku olukhanyayo kuze kube amahora angu-16.
Indlela yokutshala amahle petunia kusuka izithombo?
Uma ukutshala izithombo kuqina, khona-ke isitshalo siyagula futhi senele, ngokubonakala kuka 2-3 kushiya kungenzeka ukuthi udlulisele amahlumela ekomelweni elilodwa. Endabeni, indlela yokunakekela ikhaya le-petunia ngemuva kokukhetha, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okuhle futhi uhlale ekushiseni kwama-22 ° C. Sondla ama-cuttings ngama-fertilizer ewinkimbinkimbi ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali zonke izinsuku ezingu-10. Uma amahlumela ehlanjululwe, i-petunia ikhule, izithombo ezikhulayo zingaqhubeka zivulekile. Izithombo ezivuthiwe zihanjiswe ensimini noma emabhaleni kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukukhetha ukutshala amahora okuhlwa kanye nezinsuku ezinamafu.
Kukuphi ukukhula petunia?
Inkinga yokukhulisa i-petunia, kungcono ukuxazulula ngosizo lwezitshalo ezenziwe ngokukhethekile noma ezithengiwe. Ukumboza ngezingilazi noma ngezingubo zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo, okwenza i-microclimate enhle ngaphakathi. Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokuthola izithombo zezimbali ze-petunia ukukhula imbewu ezibhebheni ze-peat. Ngalendlela, ungenza ngaphandle kokukhethwa, ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka kwamathenda, bese uwafakisela ngqo emhlabathini noma ebhodweni elikhulu.
Indlela yokunakekela i-petunia engadini?
Uma ubeka umgomo, ungakhulisa kanjani i-petunia enhle, kuyo yonke inkathi egcwele izimbali ezibucayi, bese ukhetha ukutshala intshani evulekile evulekile. Okuhle kunakho konke, ikhula enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi, igqoke ngama-humus. Lapho umhlaba ulungisiwe futhi sikwazi ukuthola imbewu enamandla enempilo ye-petunia izimbali, singayinakekela kanjani emhlabathini ovulekile?
Imithetho yokusetheka kwePetunia:
- Izithombo zezinhlobo ezincane ezinamanzi atholakala emva kuka-15-20 cm,
- I-petunias emikhulu ekhulile iyalinywa ngo 25-30 cm,
- amahlumela amafomu ama-ampel angcono kakhulu atshalwe kude kwe-35 cm kuya ku-50 cm,
- izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zitshalwe ezimbizeni ngevolumu lama-5 amalitha,
- amafomu ama-ampel, udinga ukuthenga izimbiza ngobukhulu bama-10 amalitha,
- I-petunias enamandla yokutshala idinga isitsha ngenani lama-30 amalitha.
Indlela yokunakekela i-petunia ehlobo?
I-whimsical kakhulu kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinezimbali ezinkulu, uma zikhulile ezimweni ezimanzi noma ukungabi nokukhanyisa, zivame ukuthuthukisa izifo ezenza ukuphela kokukhula. Izingozi zezindawo zokuhlobisa izikhukhula ezinamandla nezigqoko ezinamandla nesichotho, okuvame ukubhubhisa iphesenti elikhulu lezithombo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala izinhlobo ezishibhile embhedeni, nokubeka izinhlobo ezibizayo nezingajwayelekile ezingeni eliphathekayo. Ukulima kwe-petunia emhlabathini ngendlela yombumbi kunenzuzo kakhulu yokuthi abanikazi bangakwazi ukususa kalula iziqukathi uma kwenzeka ingozi ngaphansi komcibisholo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-petunia, ukuze ikhule kakhulu?
Embuzweni wokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-petunia ukuze ikhule ngokushelelayo nangokwengeziwe phakathi nenkathi efudumele, umuzi wendawo angasebenzisa ubuqili obulodwa, obunikeza njalo umphumela omuhle - ama-prischipku amahlumela. Le ndlela ibangele i-branching yesihlahla futhi ivuselele ukukhula kobukhulu obuhlaza. Esitshalweni esincane, i-pinch eyenziwa kwi-internode yesihlanu, ngokukhula kwezihlahla kusetshenzwa kuwo wonke amahlumela amakhulu omdala.
Indlela yokuphuza i-petunia?
Uma uhlela ukuthi ungakanani amanzi okuphuza i-petunia, zama ukugcwalisa inhlabathi. Amanzi okuhlala njalo namanzi aqhubekayo aholela ekuboyeni kwezimpande. Umsele omuhle uxazulula izinkinga eziningi futhi usize ukusindisa isimo. Esishweni sezulu esishisayo, ungenza ama-petunias amabili okuphuza ngosuku. Nakuba lesi siko esinamandla sidume ngokumelene nesomiso, isimo asikwazi ukulethwa ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Uma amanzi ompompi enzima, khona-ke acidified kancane ngaphambi kokuchelela.
Petunia ukudla
Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, lesi sitshalo sondliwa ngamanyolo omanyolo ngezimbali ne-formula NPK 10-10-10. Ukwandisa okuqhubekayo okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium, okhetha ukulungiselela ngamanani ewusizo we-NPK 10-15-20 noma i-NPK 10-15-15. Ukubuyekezwa okuhle kumanyolo odumile "Kemira", "Master" noma "Agricola" . Ukusetshenziselwa ngempumelelo imithi ye-petunia top yokugqoka abantu - ukukhushulwa kwamaphutha okukhiqizwa ekhaya. Ukutshala izitshalo zifakwa emgqonyeni futhi zigcwele amanzi, emva kwezinsuku ezintathu zokuvutshelwa, uketshezi luyahlanjululwa futhi luhlanjululwa ngo-1:20.
Indlela yokunakekela i-petunia yezimbali?
Prischipku amahlumela aqhubeke nayo yonke inkathi efudumele. Ukunciphisa ubude besibhakela kwesithathu, kusiza isitshalo ukuphumula, ukuvuselela umvuthwandaba omusha wezimbali ezisebenzayo. Iziqu ezinqunyelwe zilahlwa noma zisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izithombo, ziqothule emanzini. Endabeni, indlela yokunakekela i-petunia ensimini, indima enkulu idlala ngokuhlolwa kwemibhede ngezihlahla ezimbali. Ukukhulula inhlabathi, susa ukhula, qiniseka ukuthi unqume amahlumela awonakele noma aphethwe kabi. Isitshalo sokubonga ngesikhathi sokutshala sizoqala ukusebenzisa amandla hhayi ekutshaleni kwembewu, kodwa ekuhloleni nasekukhuleni kwamahlumela amasha.
Amaphutha amakhulu ekukhuleni petunia
Lesi sitshalo sibekezelele kahle isimo sezulu sezimakethe, kodwa ngokuvamile abalimi bembali bayonakalisa i-petunia, okwenza izimo zokukhula azihambisani nokukhona kwazo. Izikhalazo zokuqala zilindele umhlali wehlobo ezingeni lesithombo. Uma ungayazi imithetho ethile eyisisekelo, ungathola izithombo ezingavamile noma izithombo ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo, ezingakwazi ukufaka isihlahla esinamandla.
Amaphutha avamile ekukhuleni petunia:
- esikhundleni sokuhlwanyela ngokungenangqondo amateurs angenalwazi ukusebenzisa ukuhlwanyela kwe-petunia emhlabathini kuya ekujuleni,
- ukuhluma kwembewu entwasahlobo endaweni emnyama ngaphandle kokukhanyisa,
- ukufa kwe-petunia kusukela ekujuleni kwamanzi,
- ngaphandle kwemithi yokuvimbela, i-petunia ishona ezifweni nasezinambuzane,
- Ukuhlwanyela okweqile kwe-petunia kuholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula,
- umthamo wezimbiza noma izimbiza azihambisani nesistimu yezimpande.
Petunia - izinambuzane nezifo
Umuzi wendawo udinge ukuba alungiselele kahle isikhathi sehlobo, kunezifo nezinambuzane ze-petunia, ukuvimbela nokulwa nakho okuthatha umzamo omkhulu. UPetunia ungowomndeni waseSolanaceae, ngakho-ke uhlushwa ukukhula okuvamile kulolu qembu lwezitshalo nezifo ezinobungozi. Izimali ezinkulu zempi nezinambuzane ngeke zidingeke zisetshenziswe, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okuncane ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa izinkinga eziningi emabhukwini.
Izifo eziyinhloko nezinambuzane ze-petunia:
- umlenze omnyama,
- ukubola okumpunga,
- ukubola okumhlophe,
- indawo emnyama,
- ukulimala okwesikhashana,
- i-whitefly.
I-Rot inqotshwa yi-Skorom, Maxim, ne-biopreparations. Ngokumelene nokulimala kwekwephuzile kanye nokubona indawo ekutshalweni kwe-petunias kahle basiza ukucubungula "Oxihom", "Ridomil Gold", i-oxychloride yethusi. Izinambuzane zibhujiswa ngamakhemikhali kusho "iKarate", "Decis", "Aktara", imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Ungasebenzisa i-soap infusions ngogwayi, izidakamizwa ze-pepper eshisayo noma i-dandelion, ezinye izindlela zokupheka.