Abalimi abaningi banesithakazelo sendlela yokutshala i-petunia embewu, ngoba izindleko zokutshala izinto ziphakeme futhi zilungiswe umbhede omhlophe okhanyayo uzodinga izindleko ezinkulu zezezimali. Kungcono ukufunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izithombo ngokwakho, imizamo ibalulekile - ingadi yembali izokhanyeka ngefihlekile nge "iziketi" ezinhle zemibala ehlukahlukene.
Indlela yokuthola imbewu ye-petunia ekhaya?
Ngokokuqala ngqa imbewu ingathengwa esitolo nasezikhusheni ezikhulile. Kodwa-ke uma ukhula izimbali, usazobuza umbuzo - indlela yokuqoqa imbewu ye-petunia ekhaya. Kuneziphakamiso eziningana:
- Izinhlamvu zezimbali zesikhathi esizayo zithathwe ezitshalweni ezimiyo nezomile, okumelwe zikhonjwe ngesikhathi sezimbali zazo;
- umjikelezo wokuvuthwa kwembewu yizinyanga ezingu-2-3, kubalulekile ukuthi ungasheshi lapho uqoqa;
- gcina imbewu endaweni eyomile enekamelo lokushisa, ehlanganiswe ephepheni noma epholile, ihlala iminyaka eminingana;
- Izinhlobo eziningi ziyizinhlanzi futhi azinikezi inzalo yesibili. Ungathola imbewu yakho ezinhlobonhlobo ezilula ze-petunia.
Ukutshala petunia ngembewu
Ukuze inqubo yokuhluma idlule ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokutshala i-petunia ngembewu, kumele ilashwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukufeza inqubo ye-scarification - imbewu ifakwa ebhodweni elinesihlabathi esiswakanyisiwe, ehlanganiswe nefilimu. Khona-ke imbewu igcinwa izinyanga ezimbili esiqandisini. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ibhodlela kumele lisuswe futhi liphuze ngesihlabathi.
Seeding of petunia imbewu - imigomo
Ukutshala kahle imbewu ye-petunia, kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela:
- I-Petunia ingaxoshwa kakhulu kakhulu - ngoFebhuwari. Kodwa ukungabi nokukhanya kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amahlumela ayancipha, abuthakathaka, akwazi ukubhekana nezifo. Ukutshala okunjalo kufanele kufakwe ngokugqamile ngezibani ukuze ukwandise usuku lokukhanya (kufanele kube ngamahora angu-16).
- Ngokuhlwanyela okujwayelekile, imbewu itshalwe kusukela maphakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMatshi. Ngalesi sikhathi, usuku olukhanyayo selude lude, ukunikeza amahlumela ngesilinganiso esidingekayo sokukhanya. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukubeka isitsha ngembewu ewindini eliseningizimu, empumalanga noma entshonalanga.
- Kusukela ekutshaleni emhlabathini ukuya emculweni, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3-3.5.
Indlela yokukhulisa kahle i-petunia kusuka kumbewu?
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-petunia emzimbeni ekhaya, balungiselela kabanzi, hhayi iziqukathi ezijulile - amakasekethi, amabhokisi, izindebe. Kunoma yiliphi ithangi, udinga ukwenza izimbobo eziningi ukuze amanzi angahlali, ngaphandle kwalokho isithombo sizofa ngesifo sofuba okuthiwa "umlenze omnyama" . Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukutshala imbewu ye-petunia ebhodweni, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuthatha ibhokisi le-plastiki eliyi-rectangular elibonakalayo ngaphansi kwekhekhe elinesivalo. Kunezinye izici zendlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kusuka kumbewu:
- Amahlamvu alo amancane, ngakho awasakaze emhlabathini we-substrate omanzi nge-toothpick, ngaphandle kokulala nezwe. Imbewu yembali yokuhluma idinga ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo singenasisekelo, imbewu ayikwazi ukufafazwa umhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ukwazi ukuphulukana. Ukuze uxhumane kangcono nenhlabathi, imbewu ingacindezelwa kancane nge-toothpick.
- Khona-ke isitsha sigcwele isembozo, ifilimu noma ingilazi, efakwe endaweni efudumele.
- Ukulima kwezithombo ze-petunia kwenziwa ngo-20-25 ° С.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukunciphisa ekukhuphukeni kumahlumela, udinga ukuvuselela isitsha bese ukhipha umswakama owedlule kusuka ezindaweni zawo.
- Lapho izithombo zibonisa iqabunga lokuqala, ukuhlwanyela kuqala ukuqala.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia embewu - inhlabathi
Ukuze petunia ye-ornamental, lapho ikhula kusuka kumbewu, kuyadingeka inhlabathi evundile, evundile futhi enomswakama. Inhlabathi ethengwe izitshalo zezimbali ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ze-peat efana. Ungalungisa ingxube yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa izingxenye ezifanayo ze-humus, i-turf, i-peat nesihlabathi. I-substrate ngaphambi kokutshala ibhekwa kahle futhi ichithelwa i-disinfected kwisithamela noma colander isikhathi. Lokhu kuzosindisa ukukhula kwe-petunias ezifweni nokhula.
Petunia kusuka imbewu ekhaya - ukuchelela
Ukuze ingadi petunia uma ikhulile kusuka emakhaya ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuwahambisa kahle amahlumela. Amahlumela kufanele ahlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayinamanzi kakhulu, kodwa ayomile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo zihlanzwa nsuku zonke okungenani izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku. Ukuphuza kangcono emgodini noma ngokufanele kahle ngaphansi kwezimpande. Ukuhluma ngezikhathi ezithile kunconywa ukuba kunisele ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, ukuze bangaguli ngomlenze omnyama.
Ikhwalithi yokuchelela nayo ibalulekile, ngoba ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo i-petun kusuka kumbewu, udinga uketshezi olushelelayo olungenalo i-chlorine. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thinta amanzi uyanconywa ukuba ume okungenani amahora angu-24, ngaphambi kokufafaza, ijusi elincane lelamula liyongezwa kulo. Ukushisa kwe-liquid kanye nenhlabathi kufanele kube okufanayo. Ukunisela kuqhutshwa kusihlwa, ngoba ebusuku ubukhulu bokukhula kwehlumela buphakeme.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia embewu - ukugqoka okuphezulu?
Ukuze ukhule petunia kusuka imbewu ekhaya, kuzothatha izinyanga 2-3 kuze kube sezulu kufudumele. Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinamandla futhi ezinempilo, lapho amahlumela ekhula kancane, aqala ukondla. Imbali isabela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-fertilizer. Ukwazi ukutshala i-petunia ngembewu, nokunikeza isitshalo iningi lezakhi zomzimba, isiko lingajabulisa amafihlethi aluhlaza kuze kube yilapho kubanda. Okokuqala, ukudla kwenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu kuya kwezingu-14 - lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Kumele kusekelwe ku-calcium (kuvimbela umdwebo) ne-nitrogen (ivuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela asohlwini).
Ukudla okulandelayo kwenziwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokukhetha amasonto amabili. Okokuqala, ukutshala, kusetshenziselwa ukusifiphaza foliar kuphela, ukushintsha okunye ukukhula kwe-biostimulators kanye namaminerali ama-fertilizer eziyinkimbinkimbi aqukethe nitrogen, isibonelo, u-Agricola. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuhluma kufanele kwenziwe futhi kuphethwe izimpande ngamakhemikhali asekelwe phosphorus ne-potassium. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amafomu amanzi ahlanjululwa ngamanzi.
Ngangaki imbewu ye-petunias ikhuphuka?
Kulo mbuzo, ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo ze-petunia ezizofika, abalimi abanolwazi banikeza impendulo eqondile - emva kwesonto noma amabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokushesha isembozo noma ingilazi asusiwe, lesi sitshalo sifundiswa umoya omusha - sivuleke amahora ambalwa ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, isembozo singasuswa ngokuphelele. Ukushisa kokuqukethwe kwezithombo kuncipha - emini akufanele kudlule + 20 ° C, ebusuku - + 16 ° C (lesi yisikhathi esibalulekile sokukhula).
Uma amaqabunga angu-4-6 evela ezilwaneni, ahlanjululwa - ukufakelwa ngakunye kufakwe embizeni ehlukile ebonakalayo. Kulesi simo, izithombo ziyancipha emaqabeni okuqala ukunciphisa amathuba okubola kwesifo. Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikhudlwana kuzovumela izitshalo ukuba zikhule ziqede inyanga yokuqala. Uma inhlabathi egumbini iboshwe ngokuqinile ngezinqubo zangaphansi komhlaba, amahlumela ashintshwa zibe yizimbiza ezifika ku-2 amalitha, lapho ekhula khona ngaphambi kokutshala engadini.
Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (emva kwezinhlobo zama-spring frosts) ama-saplings akhule futhi aqinisiwe adluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuqhamuka kwenzeka kusihlwa noma ngosuku olufuzekayo, kusengaphambili izimpande zezithombo ngamanzi. Ibanga elisetshenziselwa i-flowerbed lingama-20-25 cm, emva kokufuduka izimbali ziphuziswa, inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo ihlanganiswe ne- peat, humus ukuyivikela emakhazeni futhi igcine umswakama.
Kungani i-petunias ingaqhakaza kusuka kumbewu?
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-petunia embewu, kubalulekile ukutadisha izici zezitshalo zokulima. Uma lesi sitshalo singaqhakazi isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukulalela amaphuzu aphambili alandelayo:
- Ukuze ukhule i-petunia embewu yendlu, tshala izithombo endaweni efanele-isitshalo sithanda ukukhanya nokufudumala.
- Ubuhle budinga ukugqoka okuphezulu okunomsoco. Kunconywa ukuthi kube nokunye ukuchelela ngamanyolo: i-nitrogen ishukumisa ukukhula, isetshenziselwa ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesihlahla; I-potassium ne-phosphorus iyadingeka ukuze ihlume. Uhlelo oluhle lokufaka umanyolo: ukuchelela, ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer e-organic noma amaminerali, ukuhluma kabusha, ukufafaza ngokugqoka phezulu emaqabunga.
- Umswakama wenhlabathi. Izidingo zezitshalo ezidala nakuba zingavamile, kepha ukuchelela okuningi. Futhi izithombo ezincane azikwazi ukugcoba okuningi - zingafa.
- Amapulanka afile kufanele asuswe kanye nama-pedicels, lokhu kuzovusa ukuqhuma okusha kwe-budding. Yenza kangcono nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwalokho amabhokisi embewu azoqala ukubopha, futhi imbali izokwenza wonke amandla ekwakheni imbewu.
- Izihlahla ezincane zidinga amaphini, zisusa phezulu, zishiya amaqabunga 3-4. Lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha namafihledi.
- Engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo, kubalulekile futhi ukuba ususe amaqabunga aphelile ngokuhlelekile. Ezingxenyeni ezibola, ezinye izinambuzane zingatshalwa.