Imithetho ye-dialectics ilula futhi iyaqondakala

Emakhulwini eminyaka, abantu baye bazama ukuchaza izinqubo zokuphila nokunciphisa ukuqonda impilo emaphethini athile. Efilosofi, le mizamo yaholela ekusungulweni kwemithetho yama-dialectics, ehlukaniswe yi-universal yabo, njalo futhi jikelele.

Yimiphi imithetho ye-dialectics?

Ekuqondeni izazi zefilosofi, umthetho uxhumano oluzinzile kanye nesici sobudlelwane phakathi kwezimo nezinqubo. Imithetho yama-dialectics inezici eziyinhloko:

1. Inhloso. Imithetho ye-Dialectical ayincike ezifisweni nasezenzweni zomuntu.
2. Ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Imithetho ibeka uphawu oluyisisekelo sento noma into.
3. Ukuphindaphinda. Umthetho ubonisa kuphela lezo zenzakalo kanye nokuxhumana okuphindaphindiwe ngokuhlelekile.
4. I universal. Imithetho ye-dialectics kwifilosofi ibhekisela ekuxhumaneni okuvamile kuzo zonke izimo zohlobo oluthile.
5. Ukungafani. Imithetho ichaza izindawo ezihlukene zokweqiniso: umphakathi, imvelo, ukucabanga.

Ubani othole imithetho ye-dialectics?

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala emkhakheni we-dialectics ubuyele esikhathini sezindala zasendulo: iChina, i-India neGreece. I-dialectic yasendulo yayingakahleleki futhi inembile, kodwa yayiyiziqalo zokwaziswa kwanamuhla kwemithetho yokuba khona kwendawo yonke. I-Zenon Elea, uPlato, uHeraclitus no-Aristotle yizo zokuqala zokuzama ukwenza imithetho ye-dialectics.

Umthelela omkhulu ekubunjweni komcabango wezilimi wenziwa yizifilosofi zaseJalimane. Ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yabalobi baseJalimane, kuhlanganise nemithetho emithathu ka-Hegel's dialectic kanye nenkolelo yolwazi lukaKant, yizimfundiso zobuKristu. Ifilosofi yaleso sikhathi yayixhomeke ekuqondeni okuphakathi kwezwe futhi yacabanga ukuthi iqiniso elizungezile liyinto yolwazi nomsebenzi.

3 komthetho wezinkulumo zezilimi

Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye nomphakathi wonke kuncike ekuhloleni okuthile, okubonakala emithethweni yezolimi, jikelele futhi ngaphandle kwemingcele. Zingasetshenziswa maqondana nanoma yimuphi umphakathi, isenzakalo, umlando womlando, uhlobo lomsebenzi. Imithetho emithathu ye-dialectics ibonisa imingcele yentuthuko futhi ibonise indlela ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo esiqondisweni esikhethiwe kuzoqhubeka.

Kunemithetho enjalo yezolimi:

1. Umthetho wobunye nomzabalazo wokuphikisana. Enhliziyweni yentuthuko ingase iqale ekuqaleni, umzabalazo oholela ekuthuthukiseni amandla futhi kuyisisusa sokunyakaza.
2. Umthetho wokuguqula izinguquko ezithintekayo ezifanelekayo. Izinguquko ngobuningi zingabangela ukubonakala kwezici ezintsha zekhwalithi.
3. Umthetho wokunganaki ukulahlwa. Umthetho uchaza ukuthi kungani ukuthuthukiswa kuvunguza, hhayi okungaqondile.

Umthetho wobunye nomzabalazo wokuphikisana

Umthetho wokuqala we-dialectic uthi yonke into ehamba emhlabeni ihamba ngemigomo emibili ephikisanayo, ekhona ebuhlotsheni obuphikisanayo nomunye nomunye. Lezi ziqalo, nakuba ziphikisa, zinomqondo ofanayo. Isibonelo: imini nobusuku, kubanda nokushisa, ubumnyama nokukhanya. Ubunye nomzabalazo wokuphikisa kuyisici esibalulekile sokuhamba phambili. Siyabonga, izwe elizungezile lithola amandla okuba khona nokusebenza.

Umzabalazo wempi ephikisanayo ungahluka. Ngezinye izikhathi kuzuzisa kuzo zombili amaqembu bese uthola uhlobo lokubambisana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, olunye uhlangothi lungahle lulahleke. Kwesinye isikhathi, amandla aphikisanayo angalwa kuze kube yilapho omunye wabo ebhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana eziphikisanayo, kodwa umphumela ufana njalo: ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuthuthukiswa kwezwe elizungezile.

Umthetho we-dialectics - ubungakanani buya ekhwalithi

Umthetho wesibili we-dialectics ugcizelela izici zokufaneleka nokulinganisa. Uthi zonke izinguquko zenzeka esiteji esithile sokuqoqwa kwezici eziningana. Ukuqoqwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela kubangelwa izinguquko ezibukhali eziholela ekuthuthukiseni izinga elisha. Izinguquko ezifanele nezilinganiselwe zingabuyekezwa izikhathi eziningana, kodwa ngesikhathi esithize zihamba ngaphesheya kwemingcele yezinto ezikhona noma izinqubo futhi ziholele ekushintsheni ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa ngokwaso.

Umthetho wokunganaki ukulahlwa

Umthetho wokuphika ukunganaki kwefilosofi isekelwe esikhathini esithile. Yonke into emhlabeni ikhona kuphela kuze kube yilapho isisha. Izinto ezingasusiwe, izinto nezinto ezibuyiselwayo ziyashintshwa yizintsha, eziholela ekuthuthukiseni nasenqubekela phambili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitayela ezintsha nazo ziyasebenza futhi zishintsha ezinye zanamuhla. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kuqinisekiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuqhubeka.

4 umthetho we-dialectics

Imithetho eyisisekelo ye-dialectics iyonke futhi ihloselwe ukuchaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kanye nokubunjwa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho. Imithetho emithathu yezolimi zenziwa amafilosofi aseMideni Ephakathi futhi yasiza ukuqonda uhlobo lokunyakaza nokuthuthukiswa. Ezinye izazi zefilosofi nezenzululwazi zesikhathi sethu bakholelwa ukuthi izimiso nemithetho ye-dialectics ayibonisi ngokugcwele isithombe sokuthuthukiswa. Nakuba imithetho emisha iqhubekela phambili, izazi zefilosofi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi umthetho wesine awusiwo umthetho wezinhlamvu zezilimi, ngoba uhambelana nemithetho emithathu ekhona.

Imithetho yama-dialectics ihlanganisa imithetho elandelayo:

1. Umthetho wokubambisana kwezinguquko eziningana, ezinobungozi nezingalungile.
2. Umthetho wokuguqulwa kwekhwalithi ube yinto ehlukile.
3. Umthetho wokufaniswa kukaNkulunkulu.

Imithetho ye-dialectics yizibonelo

Imithetho ye-Dialectical iyonke futhi ingasetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukene. Ake sikhulume izibonelo zemithetho emithathu yezolimi ezivela ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene zokuphila kanye nemvelo:

1. Umthetho wobunye nomzabalazo wokuphikisana. Isibonelo esibangekayo yimincintiswano yezemidlalo lapho amaqembu azama ukufeza imiphumela ephezulu, kodwa abadlali.
2. Umthetho wokuguqula izinguquko ezithintekayo ezifanelekayo. Inani elikhulu lezibonelo eziqinisekisa lo mthetho zingatholakala emkhakheni wezomnotho nezombangazwe. Izinguquko ezincane ezakhiweni zezombangazwe zezwe zingagcina ziholela ekushintsheni komphakathi.
3. Umthetho wokunganaki ukulahlwa. Ukushintsha kwezizukulwane yisibonelo esinembile nesiqondakalayo salomthetho. Isizukulwane ngasinye esilandelayo sifuna ukuba sithuthuke ngokwengeziwe, futhi le nqubo ayigodi.