- Ikheli: Angkor, Angkor Thom, eCambodia
- Kuvulwa: 1200 g.
- Indawo: 9 km²
- Umdali: Jayavarman VII
Eduze nase-Angkor Wat iyithempeli laseBayon - elinye lamathempeli amadala kakhulu futhi ahloniphekile eCambodia . Ukuvela kwethempeli kuhlotshaniswa negama leNkosi uJayavarman VII, owayekwazi ukuguqula inkambo yempi eqhubekayo ngisho nokuxosha abahlaseli. Ukusebenza kwezempi kwaqhubeka emazweni ezitha.
Abahlaseli babengabantu abakhelene nabo baseCham, inhloko-dolobha yombuso yaphangwa futhi yabhujiswa. UMbusi Jayavarman VII wasebenzisa imali eningi emnyangweni wezimali ukuze akhe kabusha idolobha elikhuthele futhi wanquma ukwakha udonga oluqinile ukuze amvikele ekubhujisweni nasekuseni esikhathini esizayo. Izinto eziphawulekayo zenhloko-dolobha ehlongozwayo kwakuyisigodlo senkosi kanye neBayon - ithempeli elikhulu.
Isakhiwo sethempeli
Ithempeli liphakathi nendawo yedolobha lase-Angkor Thom futhi lihle kakhulu ngobukhulu. Esikhathini sokuhlola okuhlokisayo, ungase ucabange ukuthi le tempile ithempeli liyisimangaliso esakhiwe yendalo. Futhi ukubuka ngokucophelela kuphela kuzoshiya ngokungangabazeki ukuthi lesi sakhiwo into into ngaphandle komsebenzi we-titanic wamakhulu nezinkulungwane zabantu. Ithempeli laseBayon lihlaselwa ngobuhle balo futhi lingavamile, livame ukubizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso samatshe, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso.
Ngokuqondene nobukhulu bethempeli, bayakwazi ukumangaza noma ubani oze lapha: indawo yeBayon ingamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Idwala-ithempeli lingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezingonyama zamatshe, ezivula umlomo ngesibindi esabekayo. I-Bayon idumisa iBuddha nezenzo zakhe futhi, njengezakhiwo ezinjalo eziningi, zifana nezindawo ezithintekayo ezithintekayo. Kule ithempeli kunezindawo ezintathu ezinjalo. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke, esezansi iphonswe igalari yamatshe; lapho sekuhlanganiswe, kepha manje izindlu ziphelile, zishiya izinsika kuphela kanye nezinhlawulo ezinhle kunazo zonke izindonga zegalari ezihlanganisiwe.
| | | |
Amatharafu ethempelini laseBayon
Ubude begalari buyi-160 m, nobubanzi buyi-140 m. Yonke indawo ihlanganiswa nama-reliefs engokoqobo, okuvame ukubonisa abantu abalula kanye nokuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwezindaba ezinjalo, legalari ihlotshiswe ngama-reliefs alandisa indaba yeCambodia, ukunqoba nokuphila kwezempi kweNkosi uJayavarman. Ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukuhlangana nezithombe zenkosi, ezibhekwa kahle njengezithombe ezinhle kakhulu zaleso sithombe.
I-terrace yesibili ifakwe igalari efanayo, izigqoko zayo zihlotshiswe ngezigcawu zezingqikithi zenkolo nezenganekwane. Futhi nansi umbhoshongo, okuphakama kwawo okungamamitha angu-43. Isici salo yisisekelo esifakiwe kuso. Inesimo se-oval, esingavamile uma ulungisa izakhiwo ezinjalo. Umbhoshongo, ophakathi nendawo yeBayon eCambodia, ufanekisela indawo yonke. Lapho ihlala isithombe esikhulu samaBuddha, kodwa phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi lesi sithombe sabhujiswa, kwakunezingxenye ezithile ezihlakazeka endaweni yonke yethempeli.
Imibukiso emihle engu-52 encane, okuyiyona eyinhloko eyayizungezile. Ziyisimangaliso futhi zibeka odongeni ukuthi, ngokwezinkolelo zasendulo, zizungezile indawo yonke. Ngeshwa, isikhathi kanye nezinhlayiya zemvelo azibhubhisi ngokungafanele.
Imithetho yemibhoshongo yethempeli
Imibhoshongo yethempeli laseBayon iyingqayizivele, akekho enye izwe emhlabeni onesakhiwo esinjalo. Embhoshongweni ngamunye ubuso obunane bomuntu buhlotshisiwe, yilowo nalowo uqondiswa ohlangothini oluthile lwezwe. Ingqikithi kunamabuso angu-208, ukuphakama kwanoma yikuphi kufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Kunezikwanekwane ezichaza imvelaphi yabantu kanye nenhloso yabo. Ngokomunye wabo, ubuso bufanekisela u-Avalokiteshvara - unkulunkulu onokuhlakanipha okungenakulinganiswa, umusa nozwela. Omunye umbono wukuthi imibhoshongo ebusweni ibonisa ubukhosi bukaJayavarman VII, obudluliselwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Inombolo yemibhoshongo yethempeli laseBayon eCambodia ihambelana nenani lezifundazwe ezaziseCambodia ephakathi. Okuphakathi kuveza inkosi namandla akhe angenamkhawulo.
I-bas-reliefs ehlobisa izindonga zethempeli ngempela futhi ibonisa ngokugcwele impilo yombuso ezinkathini eziphakathi. Babhekwa njengamathekisthi omlando athembekile futhi bakhulume ngempela ngazo zonke izigaba zokuphila komuntu ngaleso sikhathi: ikhaya, izingubo, ukuzijabulisa, umsebenzi, ukuphumula nokunye okunye. Kukhona nezigcawu ezivela emibangweni yempi ne-Cham.
Inkathi yeNkosi uJayavarman VII yayinkulu futhi ingenakwenzeka. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe eCambodia, kwakungekho ithempeli elilodwa elakhiwe, elide lifana neBayon. Ubuciko baleso sikhathi bafinyelela ekusabalaleni okungakaze kube khona futhi kubhekiselwa emlandweni njenge "Age of the Bayon".
Ungafika kanjani?
Ithempeli laseBayon alikude ne-Angkor Wat. Ungafika lapho kokubili ngenani lamaqembu okuvakasha kanye ngetekisi (ukuqasha usuku kuzokubiza cishe ngama-dollar angu-20 kuya ku-30.) Okunye okushibhileyo yi-tuk-tuk - izindleko zokuqasha lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha ngosuku luphindwe kabili, kuphela ngo-10-15 amadola.
| | |
| | |
