Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, isazi sezengqondo saseFrance uPeter Janet sakha umqondo ovamile wocwaningo lomuntu - ingqondo yokuziphatha.
Umqondo waba umvelo esikoleni sesiFulentshi sezenhlalo, lapho umuntu ebonakala khona njengomkhiqizo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, ukucabanga kwengqondo kubonile igebe elithile phakathi kwe-psyche nokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye, okuthandwa kakhulu yi-psychology ye-associative. Kodwa njengoba siphila emphakathini, siphoqeleka ukuthi sihlale sisebenzisana nabanye abafisa izithakazelo ngezinye izikhathi. Sixazulula zonke izingxabano ezivele ngezindlela ezihlukene: othile wenza ngokungazenzi kahle, othile uhamba ngokuvumelana, futhi othile ubonisa ukuhlukumezeka .
Umqondo wokuziphatha kwengqondo usuqhubeke ukhula, ungasho ukuthi ungaphenduli nje ekukhuthazeni okuthile, kodwa ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo komzimba wethu nezwe elizungezile.
I-Psychology njengesayensi yokuziphatha komuntu ingachaza ukuhlukunyezwa okuningi emoyeni wethu ohlotshaniswa nodlame lwentando ekunqobeni ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi: izinzwa, i-hysteria, psychasthenia, njll. Ukuziphatha, njengesihloko sengqondo, kuvumela ukuthi izazi zengqondo zilungise indima yeziguli.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, akukho ncwadi eyodwa ebhaliwe mayelana ne-psychology yokuziphatha komuntu nomsebenzi. Enye yezincwadi eziyinhloko ezifakiwe ohlelweni lwamayunivesithi, kanye nokunconywa kokuzihlola okuzimele ngabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, othisha kanye nezifo zengqondo kuyi-V.Vendelevich ethi "The Psychology of Deviant Behavior ". Kulo, ungathola kokubili izinhlobo ezivamile zokuziphatha zokuziphatha kwabantu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ekugcineni kwesigaba ngasinye uhlu lwamabhuku anconywayo luhanjiswa. Ukuba nesithakazelo kwi-psychology yokuziphatha komuntu, akufanele ukuyifaka kumaqembu abantu. Isixuku siqhutshwa amandla ahluke ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ingqondo ye-psychology yokuziphatha okuningi ihluke kwi-psychology yokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobuka izinhlobo ezintathu zokuziphatha zokuxhumana kwethu nabanye abantu.
Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle
Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle kungumphumela wobuntu bethu. Abantu abanamahloni abazi ukuthi bangazichaza kanjani ngokucacile izidingo zabo futhi, njengomthetho, qhubekani nabanye. Izenzo zivame ukungaqiniseki, ukungabi namandla okuhambisana nakho kungaphathelene nomzwelo wokungaphansi. Ukuphazamiseka akuyona indlela yokuphila, ngezinye izikhathi sikhetha isitayela esifanayo sokuziphatha, sinquma ukuthi imiphumela ehlosiwe ayifanele umzamo nomzamo. Labo abaziphatha ngendlela engavamile, evame ukuhlukunyezwa ngumbuzo: bebe benza kahle yini esimweni esithile.
Ukuziphatha okuhlukumezayo
Ukuhlukumeza kusho ukucindezelwa kwamalungelo omunye umuntu nokuzivuma ngokunciphisa ukufaneleka kwabanye. Lokhu kuziphatha kubhekisela esimweni esisebenzayo, kodwa ubugebengu buqondiswa kuphela ekubhujisweni. Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha okubi kuhlotshaniswa ne-psychology yamadoda, kuyilapho ukunganakwa nokungahambi kahle kuyisici esiningi sabesifazane. Ukuziqhenya ngenxa yokuthobeka - ubufakazi bokuntuleka kokuzethemba.
Ukuziphatha kokuncintisana
Ukusesha ukukhokisana akusho ukungabi namandla, kulokhu umuntu uzama ukuthola indlela yokulawula okwenzekayo. Ukuncintisana kubonisa ukuzethemba okufanele, kanye nokucabanga okuhle. Ngoba lolu hlobo lokuziphatha lubonakala ngesabelo esinamandla sokuzigxeka kanye nekhono lokuthatha umthwalo ngezinqumo zabo. Ngokuziphatha okungahambi kahle nokuhlukumezayo, ngandlela-thile sakha ubunzima kwabanye abantu, kanti ukuziphatha ngokweqile akubandakanyi umzabalazo wokuphila, kodwa ukuxhumana okunengqondo.
Kuyinto ikhono lokuzilawula ngokuziphatha komuntu okubhekwa njengengqondo yokuziphatha ukuthi kube umgomo ophakeme kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu bethu.