Phakathi kwezifo zegciwane le-thyroid, eziba zivame kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, enye eyingozi kakhulu i-papillary carcinoma. Lokhu ukuxilongwa kubonakala kusongela isiguli, kepha empeleni, imithi iphumelela ngokuphatha lesi sifo, uma iboniswe ekuqaleni.
I-Papillary carcinoma - iyini?
I-Papillary carcinoma i-neoplasm eyenza izicubu zegciwane le-thyroid njengesimo se-cyst noma isisu esingalingani. Ngokuvamile enye yezingxenye zelungu ithintekile. Iningi leziguli ezixilongwa ngaleyo ndlela zingabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40-50 ubudala, nakuba lesi sifo singamukeli ngisho nezingane. Ukwanda kwezigameko zalolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula emazweni athuthukile, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuvumela ukutholakala kwezicubu ezincane ezingaphathwa kahle.
I-gland yegciwane iyisitho esibaluleke kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwe-endocrine, elisezantsi entanyeni ngaphambili, elikhiqiza ama-hormone ahilelekile ekulawuleni ukuphefumula, umsebenzi wezinhliziyo, i-hematopoiesis, ukugaya, ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba nokunye njalo. I-Cancer ye-thyroid iholela ezinkingeni zesistimu emzimbeni, futhi uma isakazekela kwezinye izitho, iyathwala umthwalo wokubikezela.
I-iron-papillary carcinoma
I-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid ikhiwa ngaphakathi kwegciwane kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinempilo ezithinta ukushintshashintsha okungalawulwa. I-neoplasm inene, enezinhlamvu eziningi ezincane, esigabeni sombala obomvu. Amaseli wesifo esinjalo cishe asifani nokuphila okunempilo, ngenxa yokuthi ihlukaniswa ngokuthi ihlukaniswe kakhulu. I-Papillary carcinoma ikhula kancane, ingasebenzi iqalile imithini ye-metastases. Ekuqaleni, i-tumor iyiselula, ukumelana kuvela lapho kukhula kuba lymph nodes.
I-Papillary carcinoma - i-follicular variant
Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-papillary carcinoma, olubhekwa njengento enobudlova, kodwa izikhathi eziningana ezivamile. Isakhiwo se-tumor kuleli cala liqukethe amangqamuzana e-follicular aqukethe i-colloid substance kanye namahomoni we-thyroid, ngokukhula okungavamile okwakhiwa khona iphoyinti. Ekubukeni, lokhu kuyisimiso esinesisindo esungezwe i-capsule ene-fibrous (i-papillary thyroid carcinoma). Lesi sifo sivame ukuhluma ema-lymph nodes, izitsha ezizungezile izicubu, ngokuvamile zihlangana ezindaweni ezikude.
Izimbangela zeKhansela ye-Thyroid
Ochwepheshe bathi izimbangela ezilandelayo zomdlavuza wegciwane:
- ukulungiswa kwezizwe ezinkambisweni zokuguquguquka kwezicubu;
- ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni ;
- ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing;
- ukwelapha imisebe entanyeni nasekhanda;
- izingozi zomsebenzi (umphumela wezinsimbi ezisindayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme);
- ukucindezeleka;
- imikhuba emibi;
- ezinye izifo ezingelapheki (izifo ze-sex sphere, izicubu ezisekelwe kuma- hormones , ama-polyps of rectum, i-goiter multinodular );
- ehlala esifundeni esingenasimo esihle.
Umdlavuza we-papillary wegciwane - izimpawu
Sekuyisikhathi eside, i-papillary thyroid carcinoma ayikwazi ukuzibonakalisa nganoma iyiphi indlela (ngisho neminyaka eminingana), futhi ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezimbi umuntu azi lutho. Ngesikhathi kuphela ukutholakala kwamasayizi athile we-tumor, lapho kungenzeka ukuhlola khona, ukuzwa okungajabulisi kuvela:
- ukuzwakalisa izwi ;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukuzwa njalo "kwesikhumba" emqaleni, okubi nakakhulu lapho ugwinya futhi ucindezela entanyeni;
- ukuxubana kanye nokukhathazeka emthonjeni wegciwane;
- ukwanda kwenzalo ye-lymph nervous from the side of the lesion;
- ubunzima bokuphefumula.
Lezi zimpawu azicatshangwa ngokuqondile futhi zingase zifane nokubonakaliswa kwemikhuhlane, i-tonsillitis. Isici sabo esihlukile ukuthi izibonakaliso zokuqala ziphawulwe isikhathi eside. Njengoba lesi sifo sikhula futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeka emahlokwaneni angomakhelwane, ezinye izimpawu zivela:
- ukuqina okuqhubekayo;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ukudla okumbi;
- isisindo somzimba esinciphile;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinwele;
- ukwehlela ukwanda, ubuhlungu.
I-papillary thyroid carcinoma - izigaba
Ngokuya ngobukhulu, ukusabalalisa kwe-tumor, ukutholakala kwe-metastases, i-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid ingahlelwa njengenye yezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa:
- Isigaba I - usayizi we-tumor awudluli u-2 cm, amaseli awaqhekeki, ama-metastases ayengekho;
- Isigaba sesibili - ububanzi be-neoplasm bufinyelela ku-2-4 cm, kanti aluhambanga ngaphezu kwemingcele yelungu futhi akunikezi izidakamizwa;
- Isigaba se-III - isisu esingaphezu kuka-4 cm, sidlulela ngaphezu kwegciwane le-thyroid, igxilisa i-trachea nezicubu eziseduze, ukuxubana nazo, izidakamizwa zivela emitholampilo yomlomo wesibeletho;
- Isigaba se-IV - i-neoplasm ifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu, ifinyelela ezindaweni ezizungezile, igulane le-thyroid liyaqhubeka, imitholampilo itholakale ezithombeni eziseduze nezikude.
I-Papillary carcinoma - i-metastases
Ukukhula kwe-serous carcinoma ye-papillary kungakhipha ama-metastases - ama-foci aphansi amancane asakaza i-lymphogenously noma ngegazi. Ngokuvamile, ama-metastases atholakale ezinzimbeni nasezicukweni ezinjalo:
- i-lymphonoduses;
- amaphaphu;
- izicubu zethambo lezimbambo;
- i-vertebrae yama-thoracic;
- amathambo wegazi;
- ubuchopho;
- isibindi;
- izigulane eziyingozi;
- amathumbu.
Kusolwa ukuba khona kwe-metastases kungenzeka ngezibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- ubuhlungu emathanjeni, emgodleni;
- ukukhwehlela ngokuphuma kwegazi;
- i-migraine ikhanda;
- ukuwohloka kombono;
- ukuhlanza;
- i-jaundice;
- wehlisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi nabanye.
Umdlavuza we-papillary wegciwane - ukuxilongwa
I-thyroid gland i-endocrinologist ingayibonisa i-palpation, kodwa kuphela uma ifinyelele ububanzi buka-1 cm noma ngaphezulu futhi ayikho emathangeni amathrekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasolwa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ngokuzwa ama-lymph nodes, okwenzeka kulokhu okwandiswa usayizi. Ukuze uhlolwe umdlavuza bese unquma uhlobo lwawo, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
- Fundisisa nge-iodine yama-radioactive, lapho ama-node anemisebenzi enciphise ye-gland atholakele.
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ultrasonic - ukubona ukuthi ukuma kutholakala ezindaweni ezingenakwenzeka.
- I-computer ne-imagination resonance imaging - kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukukala nokusabalalisa komdlavuza.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kuma-hormone - kuvumela ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwegciwane le-thyroid, ukuchaza isimo se-hormonal.
- Indlela enembile kunayo yonke inhle kakhulu-inaliti yokufisa i- biopsy . Phakathi nale nqubo ephansi yokuthukuthela, ucezu oluncane lwe-tumor luqoqiwe ngokusebenzisa i-puncture. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biomaterial ikhonjiswe ekuhlolisweni kwe-laboratory kanye ne-histological ukucacisa uhlobo, isigaba kanye nobukhulu be-pathology. Isithombe se-cytological of papillary carcinoma ye-gland gland ibonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- usayizi weseli - kusuka ku-1 mm kuya kumithamitha amaningana;
- I-tumor iqukethe amagatsha one-vascularized connective tissu base;
- amagatsha e-tumor ahlanganiswe ne-cylindrical ne-cubic epithelium;
- i-nucleus yeseli igcwele i-chromatin;
- Kungenzeka ukugcina imizimba ye-basophilic ne-calcified mass;
- amaseli we-tumor papillary ayasebenzi;
- akuvamile ukuthi kuhlukaniswe amaseli.
I-papillary thyroid carcinoma - ukwelashwa
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwesisu lubucayi kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-radiation, ukwelashwa komdlavuza wegciwane le-papillary kusekelwe ezinkambeni ezinjalo:
- ukungenelela kokuhlinzeka, ukuhlinzeka ngokukhipha okuphelele noma okuyingxenye ye-gland (thyroidectomy);
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-iodine esebenzisa i-radioactive emva kokususwa kwezicubu ze-thyroid ezithintekayo, ezitholwa emzimbeni (kaningi ngomlomo) futhi ngokukhethayo zibangele ukufa kwezingqamuzana zomdlavuza ezisele;
- i-chemotherapy - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi ezinomthelela omubi emangqamuzaneni abathintekayo, okwenziwa uma kwenzeka amathisiphasi kwezinye izitho;
- i-hormone therapy esikhundleni, ngokusekelwe ekuphathweni kwe-thyroxine;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-mineral complexes namavithamini;
- ukudla okuncike ekuncipheni ekudleni kokudla kwe-iodine, ushukela, usawoti, i-vitamin A.
I-Papillary carcinoma iyasebenza
Ukwelashwa kwe-papillary carcinoma ngendlela yokusebenza kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Uma usayizi we-lesion ungadluli u-centimeter eyodwa, kungenzeka ukuba ususe ingxenye. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingekile ukususa ngokuphelele igundane, izicubu ezithintekayo eziseduzane namagciwane. Uma i-carcinoma ihlume ibe yi-trachea iphinde ichukumise isisindo se-laryngeal, kubhekwa njengingasebenzi, futhi i-irradiated. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-papillary carcinoma ayinakunqunywa ekutheni isuswe nge-metastases ejulile futhi esimweni se-pathologies engathà sina kusukela ohlelweni lokuphefumula nesifo senhliziyo.
Umdlavuza we-papillary wegciwane - ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu
Uma ukuhlukahluka kwe-glandular noma follicular ye-papillary thyroid carcinoma kutholakala, ayikho indlela abantu abangayithatha indawo yokwelashwa kwendabuko. Kuphela njengokwesekwa ngemvume kadokotela, ezinye izindlela zingasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, abahlengikazi bendabuko batusa itiye, enezinto zokuhlanza igazi nezokungena.
I-prescription isho
Izithako:
- Umbala we-linden - ithebula eli-1. isipuni;
- Umbala we-Elderberry - ithebula eli-1. isipuni;
- amahlumela e-guelder-rose - itafula eli-1. isipuni;
- shiya umhlonyane - itafula elilodwa. isipuni;
- ushiya i-celandine - itafula eli-1. isipuni.
Ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa
- Xhuma ama-herbs, mix.
- Thela isipuni seqoqo nge-ingilazi yamanzi abilayo, umboze ngesembozo.
- Imizuzu eyishumi kamuva ihlupha.
- Phuza esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni ekuseni isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla.
I-papillary ye-carcinoma ye-thyroid - i-prognosis
Phakathi kweziguli okuthiwa i-papillary thyroid carcinoma iyatholakala, isilinganiso sokusinda seminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu singaba ngu-90%, ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwangaphambili nokuphathwa kahle. Uma lesi sifo sitholakalayo esigabeni sesibili, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda ngemuva kokwelashwa ngu-55%, esigabeni sesithathu - 35%, nasesiteji lesine - 15%. Inzuzo ye-prognosis, ngaphezu kwesigaba sesifo kanye nokwanela ukwelashwa, ithonywa yisikhathi sesiguli, isimo somzimba jikelele, nokugcinwa kwempilo enempilo.