- Ubude: 81.6 km
- Ububanzi: 150 m
- Ukujula: 12 m
I-Panama Canal yiyona ndawo ephawulekayo futhi eyaziwa kakhulu ePanama. Kunzima ukucabanga ngomuntu ongakaze azwe leli gama. Phela, abantu abaningi baya ePanama ukuze bavakashele umsele owaziwayo. Isihloko sethu sizokusiza ukuba uhambisane nokuxhumana kwePanama Canal futhi ujwayele umlando wendalo yayo.
Lapha uzothola izimpendulo zemibuzo esemqoka: iphi iPanama Canal, ehlangene naso olwandle. Futhi uzofunda ukuthi ukujula kweCanal Canal kungakanani, futhi yiliphi izwe eliwela khona.
Ulwazi jikelele
I-Panama Canal yindlela ehamba ngendlela eyakhelwe ngendlela ehlelekile e-Panama Isthmus ensimini yePanama. Ixhuma amaLwandle ase-Atlantic nasePacific. Izixhumanisi zendawo yePanama Canal: ama-9 degrees enyakatho ye latitude kanye ne-79 degrees entshonalanga ye-longitude. Indima ye-artery eyaziwa kakhulu idume kakhulu, futhi ukubaluleka kweCanama Canal kukhulu kakhulu - yiyona ndlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwezwe ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe. Amanye amashaneli ayo ane-passput ephezulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isizinda Esimlando
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakhiwa kwePanama Canal awuzange isetshenziswe ngokushesha. Naphezu kokuthi umqondo wokuxhuma ama-ocean amabili ngasemgwaqeni wamanzi wabonakala ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwakhiwa kwawo, ngokusemthethweni kwenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ngemva komzamo wokuqala ongaphumeleli wokwakha isiteshi ngo-1879, inani elikhulu labanikazi bamasheya labhujiswa, futhi izinkulungwane zabakhi babulawa yi-malaria. Abaholi bephrojekthi baboshwe ngamacala obugebengu. Ngo-1902, abaseMelika baqala ukwakha ukwakhiwa kwePanama Canal, futhi ngalesi sikhathi baqeda lolu daba.
Emisebenzini eyadlula iminyaka engu-10, abantu abangaphezu kuka-70,000 babambe iqhaza. Unyaka wokuvulwa okusemthethweni kwePanama Canal ngu-1914. Ngo-Agasti walo nyaka, umkhumbi wokuqala, "uCristobal", wadlula ngokudlula emgwaqeni. I-landslide enkulu, yehla ekwindla efanayo, yephula ukuwela kwePanama Canal, kodwa emva kokuvuselelwa kuka-1915 ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwesibili komgwaqo lo mgwaqo ubuyiselwe ngokuphelele.
Izici eziyinhloko zesiteshi
Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olukhulu, abaseMelika babonisa izimangaliso zangempela zobunjiniyela: ubude beCanama Canal buyi-81.6 km, kanye namakhilomitha angama-65 kubo ababeka phansi. Ububanzi bomgwaqo bungamamitha angu-150, ukujula kungamamitha ayi-12 kuphela. Izimboza ezingaba ngu-14,000 zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zidlula minyaka yonke ngePanama Canal - izikebhe zangasese, amathangi amakhulu kanye nemikhumbi yensimbi. Ngenxa yomthwalo osindayo wesiteshi, umgqa wokudlula kuwo udayiswa endalini.
Ukuhamba ngomgwaqo wokuthutha kusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Isakhiwo sePanama Canal sichazwa ngamaqembu amaningana okukhiya (Gatun, Pedro Miguel and Miraflores) kanye nezinqolobane ezimbili zokufakelwa. Zonke izikhiya zendawo zisebenza ngamanye amazwe, okuyinto enquma ukuhamba okuphephile kwemikhumbi ezayo.
Umsele owaziwa wasePanama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uxhumeke olwandle olwandle, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - wahlukanisa amazwekazi amabili. Lokhu kwahlangatshezwa ngabakhileyo eColon nasePanama , behlukaniswe naso sonke isifundazwe. Inkinga yaxazululwa ngokuqala ngo-1959 ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngaphesheya kweCanama Canal, eyaziwa ngokuthi ibhuloho lamaMelika amabili . Kusukela ngo-1962, kunomugqa oqhubekayo wezimoto owaxhuma amazwekazi amabili. Ngaphambilini, lokhu kuxhumano kwanikezwa ngamabhulogi wokudweba.
Izindlela zePanama Canal
Ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwePanama, naphezu kweminyaka yobudala obukhulu, kusadingeka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umthamo wokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke ukhula njalo, kanti iPanama Canal ibhekene nezinkinga ezivamile - ngaphezulu nangaphezulu "olwandle olwandle" luqale ukwakha. Ngakho-ke, namuhla umbuzo uvela ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sesibili. Kuhlelwe ukwakha isiteshi esifanayo eNicaragua, okuyinto ezoba yindlela enhle kakhulu ePanama Canal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zemvelo zinezela kulokhu.
Ungafika kanjani e-Panama Canal?
Kusuka edolobheni lasePanama kuya ezikhangayo zendawo kulula ukuthola itekisi. Kusuka edolobheni kuya endaweni eya kuyo, ukugibela itekisi ngeke kubize okungaphezu kwamaRandi ayi-10. Kodwa emuva, ngokungavamile, kungcono ukubuyela ngebhasi ku-MetroBus. Ngama-dollar angu-0.25 ungaya esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Albrook , bese ufika ngemitha edolobheni.
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