Bonke abamele uhlu lwamachiza-macrolide - izidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane. Isakhiwo sabo samakhemikhali sisekelwe endandeni ye-lactone macrocyclic. Ngakho - igama leqembu. Zisetshenziswa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhaktheriya. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimali zisebenza kahle, imithi iyayisebenzisa kakhulu.
Ngabe iziphi izidakamizwa zeqembu le-macrolide ezilawulwayo?
Inzuzo enkulu ye-macrolides ukuthi isebenza ngokumelene ne-cocci eyingozi ye-Gram. Ama-antibiotic alaleli qembu angabhekana kalula ne-pneumococci, i-pyogenic streptococci, i-mycobacteria yama-atypical. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, zibhubhisa:
- i-legionella;
- i-spirochaetes;
- i-chlamydia;
- anaerobes (cishe yonke into ngaphandle kwe-B. fragilis);
- Listeria;
- i-mycoplasma;
- ureaplasmas;
- I-Campylobacter namanye ama-microorganisms ayingozi.
Ngokususelwa kulolu hlu, izinkomba eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-macrolide zenziwa. Nika imithi ku-:
- tonsilofaringitis streptococcal;
- isono sinusitis ;
- i-pertussis;
- ukucindezeleka kwe-bronchitis engapheli;
- I-pneumonia etholakale emphakathini (kuhlanganise ne-atypical);
- i-diphtheria;
- i-periostitis;
- i-syphilis;
- i-chlamydia;
- i-mycobacteriosis;
- i-toxoplasmosis;
- i-lymphogranulomas engaphandle;
- i-acne enkulu;
- i-periodontitis.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-macrolides asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, inkambo yalezi zidakamizwa zokulwa nezifo zizosiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela kulabo abaye baxhumana nabantu abanegciwane. Ama-antibiotics kuleli qembu nawo anqunyelwe ukuhlanzwa kweziguli ezithwala imithi ye-meningococcus. Futhi zingaba ukuvimbela okuhle kwe-rheumatism noma i-endocarditis.
Amagama ezidakamizwa-ama-antibiotics iqembu lama-macrolides
Kuye ukuthi zingaki ama-athomu e-carbon at the ring lactone, izidakamizwa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ezinama-14-, 15- noma angu-16. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukuthi le mithi elwa namagciwane ibulale izifo eziphilayo, nazo zisiza ukuqinisa ingculazi futhi ingaqeda ukuqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili ngokuqhubekayo kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala.
Ama-antibiotic-ama-macrolides amakhulu ahlanganisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo:
- I-Erythromycin kufanele ithathwe ngaphambi kokudla. Uma kungenjalo, ukugujwa kwayo kuyobe kunciphise kakhulu. Naphezu kokuthi imithi enamandla yokulwa ne-antibacterial, lapho isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuphuza sivunyelwe ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokulahlwa.
- I-Spiramycin iyasebenza ngisho nangokumelene nalawo mabhaktheriya afana nama-macrolides angama-14 no-15. Ukugxila kwezicubu kuphezulu kakhulu.
- Isidakamizwa se-macrolide, okuthiwa i- Clarithromycin , silwa ne-Helicobacter kanye ne-mycobacteria yama-atypical.
- I-Roxithromycin therapy ibekezelela kahle iziguli.
- I-Azithromycin inamandla kangangokuthi kufanele ithathwe kanye ngosuku.
- Ukuthandwa kukaJosamycin kuchazwa ngumsebenzi wayo ngokumelene neningi lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulwa neziqu ze-strepto- ne-staphylococci.
Cishe zonke izibalo ezivela kulolu hlu lwezidakamizwa zingahle zenziwe nge-bronchitis. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukulwa namagciwane kungasetshenziswa:
- Dynabac;
- Ilozon;
- I-Azidrop;
- Azivok;
- I-Zimbactur;
- Wilprafen;
- I-binocular;
- I-Benzamycin;
- I-Azicid;
- I-Klabaks;
- I-Azitral;
- I-esparoxy;
- U-Brilid;
- I-Rovamycin;
- I-Crixan;
- I-Macropean;
- I-Clacid;
- I-Rulicin;
- Kuhlanganiswe ;
- Hemomycin;
- I-Zitnob;
- I-Kispar;
- I-sumatrolide solute;
- Clerimedes;
- I-Elrox;
- Coater;
- I-zitrocin;
- I-Eryfluid;
- I-Ecositrin;
- Ukusuka ku-Fromromide;
- Arvitsin;
- I-AsitRus;
- Azimycin.