I-dementia etholakalayo, ethinta abantu asebekhulile kaningi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia (kusukela "ukuhlanya" kwesiLatini). Lokhu ukukhubazeka akuyona ingane, kodwa itholakale. Ngaphambi kwesifo umuntu uyakwazi ukucabanga ngendlela enengqondo futhi azikhonze yena, kodwa kancane kancane ulahlekelwa la mathuba.
I-Dementia - iyini?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukufika kwe-dementia sekufikile, ukuthi yisifo esibangelwa ukulimala kwengqondo. Abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala, hhayi nje asebekhulile, bangaphansi komqondo wokuguga komqondo, futhi inani lamacala likhula njalo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezingavamile, isibonelo, i-oligophrenia, le syndrome itholakala futhi ayisho ukuthuthukiswa kwe-psyche. I-dementia yisifo esibucayi sokusebenza kwemizwa, ngenxa yalokho isiguli esilahlekelwa amakhono nolwazi oluthole, futhi awukwazi ukuqonda okusha. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo yomuntu onempilo kubonakala.
I-Dementia ku-Psychology
Ngokuvamile, i-syndrome iqala ngenxa yezifo ezithile (i-Parkinson, i-Pick, i-Alzheimer, njll), ukulimala. Lesi sifo senzeke ku-cortex ye-cerebral futhi singaba namafomu ahlukahlukene ngokweqile futhi kuhambisane: okuncane, okulinganiselayo futhi okunzima. Uma kukhona isifo esivumelanayo futhi siqhubeka, ukuwohloka komqondo ngokwayo kukhula, lesi sifo sizitholela isiguli. Isiguli silahlekelwa ukucabanga okuningi, siphelile ukwazi umhlaba owuzungezile, futhi isithakazelo ekuphileni siyaphela. I-syndrome ibonakalisa izakhi eziningi: imemori, inkulumo, i-logic iphukile, izimo ezicindezelayo zivela.
Dementia - izimbangela
Lesi sifo senziwa ngenxa yomonakalo ongokomzimba ebuchosheni ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa noma uhlobo oluthile lwezifo (ngezinye izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa). Ukuvusa ukugula kwakhe kunemibandela engaphezu kuka-200 yezifo. Ngezinhlobo ezithile zokuwohloka komqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-cortex ye-cerebral kuyindlela ehamba phambili yesifo. Kwezinye izimo, ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi kungumphumela wale syndrome.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zengqondo ye-dementia yizi:
- Isifo se-Alzheimer (kuze kufinyelele ku-65% yazo zonke izimo);
- ukulimala kwamasongo okubangelwa ukuphefumula kwesifo sofuba, ukucindezeleka komzimba, ukusabalalisa ngokweqile kanye nezakhiwo zegazi;
- ukuphuza utshwala nokulutha izidakamizwa;
- Isifo sikaParkinson;
- Isifo sika Pick;
- i-craniocerebral trauma;
- izifo ze-endocrine (izinkinga ze-thyroid, i- Cushing's syndrome );
- izifo ezithathelwana ngokuzenzakalelayo (izifo eziningi ze-sclerosis, i-lupus erythematosus);
- ukutheleleka (i-AIDS, i-meningitis engapheli, i-encephalitis, njll);
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- izifo ezinzima zamalungu angaphakathi;
- umphumela wenkinga ye-hemodialysis (ukuhlanzwa kwegazi),
- ukuthukuthela okukhulu noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hepatic.
Izimpawu ze-Dementia
Kunezigaba ezintathu zalesi sifo, ngakho ngamunye wabo unezibonakaliso zakhe siqu:
- Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko salesi sifo kuyinkinga yokukhumbula inkumbulo. Izimpawu ezicacile zengqondo yokuhlukumezeka kukhona ukucasula okungazelelwe, ukuhlukumeza, ukungahloniphi, ukuziphatha ngokuziphatha kwabantu.
- Izimpawu zesibili zesifo: ukukhathazeka kwememori ye-amnestic, lapho isiguli sesishiya ukuzibona esibukweni, sidibanisa ingalo yesokudla nesobunxele njalonjalo.
- Esigabeni sokugcina, ithoni ye-muscle iqala ukwanda, okungabangela isimo semifino kanye nomphumela obulalayo.
Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sesifo, izimpawu zayo nokuphendula kwesiguli kuboniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- Ngokucindezeleka komzimba, ubaluleke kakhulu ngesimo sakhe futhi uyakwazi ukuzikhathalela.
- Njengoba kunomonakalo olinganiselayo, kunciphisa ekuhlakanipheni nasebunzima ekuziphatheni komndeni.
- Ukucindezeleka okukhulu - kuyini? I-syndrome ibonisa ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kobuntu, lapho umuntu omdala engakwazi ngisho nokuzimela ngokuzimela ekudingeni isidingo futhi adle.
Indlela yokugwema ukuwohloka komqondo?
Ukwehla kwesifo sengqondo somzimba kungenye yezimbangela zokukhubazeka kwasebekhulile. Ekuthuthukiseni kwe-syndrome ayibonakali ebusheni, okwamanje izibonakaliso zokuqala zokulahlekelwa zingavela kakade eminyakeni engu-55-60. Ukubuza umbuzo ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuvimbela ukugula komqondo ngaphambi kokubonakala kwayo, udinga ukufaka emiphakathini yakho imithetho eminingana nemikhuba ewusizo:
- ukwenqaba utshwala nokubhema;
- ukudla okunempilo (ukudla nsuku zonke kwesilinganiso esidingekayo samavithamini, ukukhishwa kokudla okusheshayo nokudla okunamafutha);
- umsebenzi womzimba olinganiselayo;
- umsebenzi wengqondo;
- ukuthula kwengqondo (gwema ukucindezeleka, ugweme ukucasuka);
- ukuvinjelwa kokuntuleka kwe-vitamin D - ukuntuleka kwayo emzimbeni kuholela ekuthuthukiseni kwesifo se-Alzheimer kanye nokugula kwengqondo okulandelayo.
Izinhlobo zengqondo ye-dementia
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-syndrome kuxhomeke ezingxenyeni ezithintekile zobuchopho, izinqubo zokuphila, ukutholakala kwezifo eziqhamukayo noma eziyinhloko, iminyaka yesiguli. Ngokwezizinda zesifo, ukuhlupha komqondo kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:
- Cortical , eyakhiwa lapho cortex ezilimele. Ihlukaniswe ibe yi-subtypes: yangaphambili (i-lobe yangaphambili) ne-frontotemporal (umonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe).
- I-subcortical noma subcortical , lapho izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwe-subcortical zithinteka khona.
- I-cortical-subcortical (kunezinhlobo zombili izilonda ezichazwe ngenhla).
- Multifocal , lapho ubuchopho bunama -multiple lesions.
I-dementia enhle
Ukuwohloka komqondo okuhlobene nobudala kuyinto evamile yokukhubazeka ethinta abantu abaneminyaka yobudala. Ngenxa yokuntuleka komsoco, ama-neurons abulawe ebuchosheni, futhi lokhu kuholela ekushintsheni okungenakuguqulwa. Esikhathini sokuqala se-syndrome, umuntu angase angaqondi, khona-ke washaywa yi-dementia, ukuthi lesi yisifo esingabangela ukushiswa okuphelele. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo ziyancishiswa futhi ziyancipha ngokushesha. Amanye ama-harbingers: ukwehlisa umsebenzi wezingqondo, ubunzima ezintweni zokuqala, ukushintsha kwemizwelo.
Ukuwohloka komqondo okudakayo
Akukhona ngempela ukuthi lesi sifo sithinta abantu abaneminyaka yobudala. Sekuyiminyaka engu-15 - ukuhlukumeza utshwala, ukuwohloka komqondo ngokweqile kwenzeka, izimpawu zazo: ukuchithwa kwezenhlalo, ukulahleka kwemithetho yokuziphatha, ukwehlisa amandla engqondo, ukunakwa kwengqondo, ukukhunjulwa kwememori, umsebenzi okhubazekile wezitho zangaphakathi, izinguquko ezingezansi ebuchosheni. Ukuphulwa komuntu ngokujwayelekile kuyisigaba sokugcina ekuthuthukiseni utshwala. Kuze kwaba ngu-20% kuzo zonke iziguli ezitholakale lokhu okuxilongwa ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
Ingozi ye-ethyl utshwala yukuthi iphazamisa umsebenzi wama-neurotransmitters aphethe imizwelo. Ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala kunamalungu angaphakathi, izindonga zemithambo yegazi, ubuchopho. I-dementia yalezi zinhlobo ivela ngemuva kokulimala okwesikhashana kwe-neurons nge-ethyl alcohol. Futhi ngokuvamile ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubonakala esigabeni sesithathu sokuthembela, lapho umuntu elahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokulingana kokudakwa.
Ukuwohloka komqondo komzimba
Esinye sezimbangela ze-dementia etholakalayo ukulimala kwengqondo ngenxa yokulimala kwe-craniocerebral, ukuvuvukala nokuvuthwa. Izifo ze-Vascular, i-AIDS, i-syphilis, njll kungabuye ibe nesisusa ekuthuthukisweni. Ukugula komzimba kuyisifo esingaba nesisonke uma zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi wokucabangela (ukucabanga, ukunakekelwa, inkumbulo, njll) futhi okuncane (okuncane) kuhlupheka. Esikhathini sesibili, izici ezithile zenkambiso yokuzicabangela zithinteka, ngokulondolozwa okulinganayo kokucabanga okucabangelayo nokuziphatha komphakathi.
Schizophrenic Dementia
Izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana nokuwohloka komqondo zibonisa izimpawu ezithile. E-schizophrenia, i-syndrome ibonakala ngokuncipha okungenasidingo ekuhlakanipheni, kodwa ukubonakala kokunganaki, ukungakwazi, ukwakheka kwengqondo kanye ne-paranoia. Inkathi yokucindezela iqala ngokumelene nesizinda sesimo sengqondo esicindezelekile. Khona-ke ukuphazanyiswa kwesikhala kulandela. Ukuwohloka komqondo ngokwe-schizophrenic is dementia, lapho inkumbulo ihlala ingashintshi isikhathi eside, kodwa ayikho inhloso. Ukuziphatha kwesiguli kubonakala kungavamile futhi kungenasici.
Indlela yokuziphatha neziguli ezinomqondo owohloka komqondo?
Ngalesi sifo, isibikezelo sinokungabaza. Inselele enkulu inguquko ejwayelekile ebuntwini nasekuziphatheni. Futhi umbuzo oyinhloko okhathazayo izihlobo zeziguli: indlela yokusiza isiguli ngengqondo yokugula. Kunezinhlelo zokwelashwa ngabanye kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlalisana nokuhlalisana. Kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuhlukanisa leyo ngqondo ye-dementia yile ndlela yokuziphatha, hhayi i-pathology. Imvelo ibalulekile ukuhambisana nokusebenzisana okuhle, ngoba kuxhomeke kuzo ukuthi isiguli sizoxhumana kanjani nezwe langaphandle. Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele iseluleko esilula mayelana nesiguli:
- qalisa ngokucacile imibuzo, khuluma kancane futhi ngokucacile;
- unikeze amathiphu uma lowo muntu engaboni kahle, akwazi ukulinda;
- uthathe ukunakekelwa kwesiguli;
- ukuhlukanisa izenzo zibe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezilula;
- ukuxhumana ngendlela enhle.
Indlela yokuphatha ukugula komqondo?
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuhlonza i-dementia syndrome ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi amaqhinga okwelashwa ancike ekuxilongweni. Ayikho isincomo esicacile ekwelapheni kwesifo somqondo ophansi, ngoba umuntu ngamunye uyedwa. Kodwa ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuqinisa izidakamizwa ezivame ukucubungula ubuchopho, kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuchichima futhi liyeke ngokuphelele ukuwohloka komqondo. Ngendlela yokwelapha efanele, ukuphambuka kwemisebenzi yokucabangela kuyabuyiselwa.
- Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kungase kube ngokujwayelekile kokudla okunomsoco kanye nomgomo (isibonelo, esimweni sengqondo yokudakwa ngokweqile).
- Ukuvimbela ukufa kwamangqamuzana omzimba nokuqeda izimpawu zesifo kanye nezidakamizwa. Isisekelo sokwelashwa kuhlanganisa izidakamizwa zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zezinzwa, normalizing circulation blood emithanjeni yegazi kanye nezidakamizwa eziqinisa uxhumano lwe-neural ebuchosheni.
- Iziguli azidingi imithi kuphela, kodwa futhi usizo olungokwengqondo. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo, okuthonya kakhulu isimo sengqondo sesiguli futhi kuthuthukise ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngesikhathi sokugula, kuye kwazibonakalisa kahle. Imiphumela emihle esimweni esiphezulu sokuthintana nesiguli nabathandekayo, izilwane, ukwelashwa komculo.