- Ikheli: 94143 Saaremaa, Estonia;
- Yakha: cishe eminyakeni engu-3470-3545 edlule.
Esesiqhingini sase- Estonia saseKaali kunento engavamile engokwemvelo eheha izivakashi emhlabeni wonke. Le nsimu, ehlobisa ichweba elihle kakhulu elenziwe kwelinye lama-craters, lashiya lapha ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule nge-meteorite enkulu. "Izibazi" zasendulo ezisezweni elivela emkhathini wasezulwini ovuthayo zigcwele izindabakwane ezingavamile. Abakhanga nje kuphela abathandi bezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi abahambahambayo abalula abawazi ubuhle nokuhlukahluka kwamazwe ase-Estonia.
Umlando wemvelaphi yeLake Kaali
Kwakukhona izindabakwane eziningi esiqhingini saseSaaremaa ngaphambili, futhi ngisho nokucabanga okuningi kwesayensi kwasungulwa mayelana nemvelaphi yesikebhe esingavamile kaKaali.
Usosayensi uReynvald uphonse phambili i-karst hypothesis, ethi isikebhe seKaali asiyona into kodwa umhlaba owawela ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhukhula kwamadwala ngamifula ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa lapho efika echibini njengengxenye yenkambiso yokushayela umhlaba kule ndawo ngokufuna usawoti, umbono we-engineer wezimayini ushintshiwe. Okungejwayelekile kakhulu ukuma kwechibi futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi amanzi ajwayelekile angasusa ama-monolithic slabs we-dolomite ne-limestone. Khona-ke, ngo-1927, uReinwald uqale wahlongozwa emhlabeni owaziwayo inguqulo entsha yomthombo wamanzi eKaali, ehambisana nokuwa kweMeteorite kuya eMhlabeni. Isitatimende sososayensi sasingakaqapheli ngokukhethekile, kodwa uReinvald wayemane ecatshangelwe umbono wokubonisa umbono wakhe wezithombe, futhi waphumelela ngo-1937. Kakade, cishe esiphelelwe amandla, usosayensi ugcina ekhetha ukuza echibini, futhi ekugcineni, inhlanhla yamomotheka kuye. Efaka umhlabathi phansi kwezingqwembe ezincane, uReinwald uthola ubufakazi bombono wakhe - izingcezu ezincane zensimbi ezine-nickel engu-8.3%. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlayiya kutholakale amaqabunga ngokungangabazeki - yizingxenye ze-meteorite.
Ngemva kokuphenyisisa ngokucophelela kwezingqwembe ze-Kaali, kwakhiwa ukuthi bakha kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya ku-7.5 eyedlule futhi bamelela imidwebo ye-meteorite enkulu, ngaphambi kokuba ifike eMhlabeni, ihlukaniswe zibe yizingxenye ezingu-9 futhi ishaye isiqhingi saseSaaremaa ngemvula evuthayo.
Izici ze-craters zikaKaali
Ososayensi baye bazama ukuphinda bavuselele izenzakalo zamakhulu eminyaka adlule, futhi isithombe saphenduka. Cishe, isisindo se-meteorite esifika eKaali sasingamathani angama-20. Yathuthela ngesivinini esingama-20 km / s futhi yahlukaniswa kude no-10 km emhlabathini.
I-wave shock eyabangelwa ukushayisana yayinamandla kunaleyo eyabangela ukuqhuma kwamabhomu eHiroshima. I-fireball ngokushesha yaqothula konke ukuphila okwakungaphakathi kwendawo engama-6 km.
Iziqephu ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-meteorite zashiywa yi-craters 9:
- i-crater 1 - eseduze nelwandle i-Kaali (ububanzi obuyi-4 m, ububanzi buka-39 m);
- I-crater ehlanganisiwe (2 no-8) - itholwe emiphumeleni emibili - ewela eduze kwezicucu ezimbili (ukujula 2/3 m, ububanzi 27/36 m);
- i-crater 3 - inechibi elincane, elomile ehlobo (ukujula okungu 3.5 m, ubude bamamitha angu-33);
- i-crater 4 - umbono wokuqala we-funnel washintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwemfuyo, eseduze nomgwaqo oya eKylyala;
- i-crater 5 - itholakala eduze kwe-crater 4, edlelweni;
- i-crater 6 - encane kunabo bonke (ukujula 0.6 m, ububanzi buka 26 m);
- i-crater 7 - inomumo oblong (ukujula 1 m, ububanzi obuyi-15 m);
- i-crater eyinhloko 9 - empeleni, i-lake Kaali (ukujula ngamamitha angu-22, ububanzi buka-110 m).
Yini okufanele uyenze eLwandle Kaali?
I-craters yaseKaali yizinto eziyingqayizivele izinto ezingavamile kakhulu. Ziyaziwa njengama-meteorite asebenza kahle kunazo zonke eYurophu, futhi emhlabeni jikelele phakathi kwama-craters amancane, uLwandle Kaali yindawo yesishiyagalombili. Ngakho-ke, ukuvakashela le ndawo akufanele nakanjani.
Ehle kakhulu ensimini yeCafa ngoJulayi no-Agasti. Emazingeni ahle kakhulu okukhula, futhi amanzi echibini athola umthunzi we-jade omangalisayo.
Kuseduze kakhulu nomuzi waseKaali. Lapha ungakwazi ngisho nangaphezulu ukungena emlandweni wesikhala ngokuvakashela i-Museum of meteorites, futhi ukuthenga izipho ezingakhohlwayo kubangane nezihlobo esitolo sokukhumbula.
Uma ufuna ukuhlala kule ndawo isikhathi eside, ungahlala ubusuku bonke endlini yesimenywa. Engxenyeni yelifa kukhona ne-tavern ekhonza ukudla okumnandi kwezwe kanye nobhiya ozenzelayo. Eduze emyuziyamu kukhona ukupaka mahhala.
Ungafika kanjani?
Kusuka enyakatho ungathola esiqhingini saseSaaremaa ngomoya, ibhasi noma imoto. Ngesiteshi ohamba ngesikebhe.
Uma uhamba ngemoto, ngemuva kokuphuma emkhunjini, landela umgwaqo uNo.10. Isikhumbuzi sakho seKuressaare , kodwa awudingi ukusifinyelela. Kufanele uvala umgwaqo omkhulu cishe u-30 km ngaphambi kweKuressaare. Zilandela ngokucophelela izimpawu, zisendleleni eya kuKaali ngokwanele ukuba ingaphambuki.