I-Copan

• Ikheli: CA 11, Copán Ruinas, Honduras
• Ucingo: +504 2651-4108
• Iwebhusayithi: copanhonduras.org
• Isimo: indawo evikelwe
• Amahora okuvula: Mon-Fri 7:30 - 16:00, Sat-Sun 8: 00 - 18: 00

Uma unesithakazelo esizweni samaNdiya samaMaya, ingcebo yabo kanye nezisekelo zendawo, khona-ke umgwaqo wakho uqondana ngqo neHonduras . Kulapha ukuthi kukhona indawo enkulu yokuvubukula - idolobha laseCopan.

Kuyini i-Copan?

ICopán yumuzi wokuvubukula eHonduras. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, i-Copan ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hillfort. Futhi elinye lamagama akhe lasendulo nguHushvintik. I-Copan itholakala emngceleni neGuatemala, ikhilomitha elilodwa kuphela ukusuka edolobhaneni elincane laseCopan Ruinas, lapho abavubukuli nabakhenkethi bahlala khona bahlola ukudala kwamandulo. Idolobha labavubukuli lihlala endaweni engasentshonalanga yeRiphabhulikhi yaseHonduras, enkabeni yesigodi somfula ofanayo.

Kukholelwa ukuthi idolobha elikhulu lamaMaya - iCopan - lasekelwa cishe emakhulwini e-V-IV eminyaka BC. Kwakuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sobukhosi obuzimele bamaMaya - uShukuup, ogunyaziwe lwawo lwafinyelela engxenyeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeHonduras yanamuhla naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuatemala yanamuhla. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sobukhona bukaCopan, amakhosi ayishumi nesithupha ayebusa kulo. Abavubukuli baxhumanisa inkinga kanye nokuchithwa komuzi waseKopan ngokuwa kwezwe lonke lamaMaya ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye (emva kuka-822). Izimbangela zokunyamalala kwempucuko enkulu kangaka azange zenziwe.

Idatha yemvubukulo

Ngokokuqala ngqa idolobha lasendulo lafunyanwa futhi lachazwa amaSpain ngekhulu le-16, futhi isithakazelo esijulile eKopan savuka kakade ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kanye nokuqala kwemfuyo yokuvubukula. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bamazwe amaningi bazama ukuhlola nokubuyisela isithombe sombuso wasendulo, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kanye nomthelela walo emvelweni. Phakathi nendawo yeCopanian Acropolis, imigudu yokuvubukula iye yagujwa, okuvumela umuntu ukuba athathe umlando okwenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2 000 eyedlule. Ubude bazo zonke imigudu kungaba ngu-12 km, ikakhulukazi ukumba kukhona isimo sezulu esikhethekile, ukuze izakhiwo zasendulo nezitholakale zingabhubhi kuze kube yilapho zihlaziywa ngokuphelele futhi zibuyiselwe.

Idolobha laseCopan ezinsukwini zethu

Indawo yokuhlala yaseCopan yasendulo ihlala amakhilomitha angama-24. km. Kuyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngezakhiwo nezakhiwo zayo zasendulo ezithakazelisayo. Kunezakhiwo ezihlukene ezingu-3 500 nezakhiwo edolobheni. Kukholelwa ukuthi lena yindawo yokugcina imfuyo yamandulo eMelika Ephakathi. Abaningi-mlando bezazi-mlando baqhathanisa izakhiwo zawo kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-Ancient Greece, ebiza iCopan "e-Athene yamaMaya asendulo." Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseHonduras wanika uKopan isikhundla sokugcina, okuyinto. ibuye isakhiwo seMagugu sezwe se-UNESCO. Endaweni evikelekile kukhona kakade kufundwa futhi kubuyiselwa izinto nezinhlaka zendawo yokuhlala yaseMeyi, kanye namathempeli angafundiwe, izikwele, izindlu, imigwaqo, izinkundla kanye nezinye izakhiwo.

Yini ongayibona ku-Kopan?

Into yokuqala izakhamuzi ezihlinzekwa ukuzohlola yiyona Main Square, edumile ngendonga yayo, kanye nesakhiwo sezindlu kanye namathempeli. Lokhu konke kubizwa nge-Acropolis yaseCopan. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izakhiwo ezintsha zakhiwe phezulu kwabakudala. Ngakho-ke, emakhulwini angaphezu kweyishumi, intaba yonke ikhulile inendawo engamamitha angu-600x300. Lapha yilapho inethiwekhi yemigudu eyenziwe ngabakwa-archeologists iqala ukusebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-150. Amanye awo atholakalayo ukuvakasha.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umbhede womfula unabantu okwenziwe ngezinga elithile ukuvimba ithonya lemvelo nokubhujiswa kwengxenye yesempumalanga nendawo ephakathi nendawo. Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kuthungatha, idolobha lasendulo labavakashi libonakala sengathi lisikiwe, elimangalisayo futhi limangalisa.

Intshisekelo enkulu yile nkundla yokudlala ibhola, ihlotshiswe ngezithombe zama-parrot ezinama-macaw kanye nesiteji esiphezulu sama-hieroglyphs - okubhalwe isikhathi eside kunazo zonke zezikhathi zamaMaya asendulo. Ngefomu elingashintshi, kuphela izinyathelo ezingu-15 zokuqala ezivela ku-63 zigcinwa, zonke ezinye zibuyiselwe ngendlela engalungile futhi zakhiwe ngabathengi bokuqala.

Emzini wasendulo kunamathempeli amaningi namathuna amakhosi okuqala. Kwamanye amathempeli kunama-altare okuhlatshwa umhlatshelo. Kukhona izakhiwo zokuphatha zikahulumeni, kwelinye lazo igumbi lesigodlo ligcinwe, futhi kunezakhiwo ezihlukene zokugubha. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngemikhakha egcinwe abahlonishwayo nabakhileyo abavamile. ECopan kukhona iMaya Sculpture Museum, lapho ungazi khona izinto ezingavamile neziyigugu. Lapha ungabona ukubuyiselwa kwithempelini leSikhumbuzo seThempeli 16 nalo lonke umhlobiso walo. I-museum yesibili enezinhlobonhlobo nempahla yasendlini yavulwa edolobheni laseCopan Ruinas.

Ungavakashela kanjani iCopan?

Indlela elula kakhulu yokuya eCopan iphuma eGuatemala. Inhloko-dolobha yezwe lihlela ngempumelelo ukuvakasha edolobheni lasendulo laseCopan, elenzelwe izinsuku ezilodwa noma ezimbili. Kusukela enhloko-dolobha kuze kube semngceleni neHonduras, idolobha lase-El Florida lingamakhilomitha angu-280 kuphela. Kungatholakala ngemoto noma ngezindiza zendawo. Ukulawulwa kwemingcele kuhlelekile kahle. Kusukela kumasiko ukuya edolobheni laseCopan Ruinas cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-12, futhi sekukhona umuzi wamaMaya asendulo angakaboni.

Ukusuka eCopan Ruinas edolobheni laseMaya kukhona ibhasi elivamile, ungathatha itekisi. Sincoma ukuthi ube yilungu lezokuvakasha noma okungenani uthathe umhlahlandlela wendawo nawe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvakashela eKopan kuzophenduka ukuhamba okujwayelekile. Izindleko zokuvakashela konke - $ 15, uma iminyuziyamu inentshisekelo, khona-ke kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali engu- $ 10 ngaphezulu. Uma ufuna ukwehla emathanjeni - kubiza enye i-$ 15.