Isikhathi eside, kodwa isifo esiyingozi, esizoxoxwa ngaso, ukuxilongwa kwesikhathi esifushane kuhlobene nengozi enkulu yokukhubazeka nokufa. I-Aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral yi-pathology lapho i-one noma imithwalo yegazi eningi ngaphakathi kwe-skull ithinteka khona, okuyinto esongela ukuphuka nokuphuma kwayo.
Aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral - izimbangela
Lesi sifo sikhula kunoma yikuphi ubudala, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kutholakala ezigulini ezineminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengu-60. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe babonisa ukuthi kunezimo eziphakeme phakathi kwabesifazane. I-aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral yenziwa ngenxa yokuphulwa kwesakhiwo esinezinwele ezintathu zodonga lwama-vascular, lapho, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukuqina kwezingcingo zomzimba eziphakathi naphakathi kwezingxenyeni zangaphandle, ukwehlisa nokugxila kwazo, kuhlanganiswa kwezingqimba zangaphakathi.
Izinto ezidingekayo ekubunjweni kwe-aneurysm zingaba kokubili izinguquko ze-vascular congenital kanye nama-deformities atholakele. Izingosi zohlobo lokuqala (okuzalwa) zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ukuhlukumeza okuyingqopha-mlando - ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-arteriosity of the arteries nezinye izinguquko esakhiweni se-anatomical sodonga lwama-vascular ngokwawo. I-aneurysm etholakalayo yobuchopho ingahlanganiswa nezizathu ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-craniocerebral ;
- isifo sofuba;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta;
- izilonda ezithathelwanayo zezicubu zobuchopho;
- ukuvezwa kwemisebe;
- ama-cysts nama-tumors ngaphakathi kwekhanda.
Iningi lososayensi liyavuma ukuthi izici eziningana zidlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici ezilandelayo zingase zenze ingozi yokulahlekelwa amandla okwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, okufaka isandla ekwakheni i-aneurysm:
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukwamukela izitho zokwelapha ze-hormonal;
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- ukubhema.
Aneurysm yobuchopho - izimpawu
Ngokuya ngobukhulu, i-aneurysm yezingqwembe ze-cerebral, izimpawu zingase zisho noma zingabonakali isiguli. Isithombe esitholakala emtholampilo sibangelwa ukucindezela izingosi zesimo esincane esiseduze ne-vascular bulge kanye nokukhubazeka kwemizwa yezinzwa, kuncike ekuhlaleni. Izibonakaliso ezisemtholampilo ezisemqoka zivame uku:
- Ubuhlungu ekhanda - obubonakala ngokushintshashintsha kwesikhathi nobukhulu, ngokuvamile kuvela nge-paroxysmally (kwezinye izimo, kukhona uxhumano nokucindezela okwandisiwe). Indawo yangakini yesifo sincike endaweni yesilonda. Kulokhu, uma kugxila kakhulu, ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu, futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhubazeka okuphezulu kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala - lapho ukugxila kuthinta indawo ephethwe ukubhekwa ukulala, kungase kuthuthukise ukulala, ukuhlupheka ukulala, ukulala phakathi nosuku, njll.
- Isisindo somzimba, isifiso sokuhlanza - lezo zimpawu zivame kakhulu ukwakheka okungenasisekelo, kanye nezifo eziningana, okubangelwa ukunyuka kwengcindezi engavamile. Ukuziqhenya kwalezi zinkinga ukuthi azihlanganiswa nokudla, akuqedwe ngokuthatha imithi, ukuhlanza akulethi ukuphumula.
- Ukuphazamiseka okubukekayo - nezinguquko ezingavamile ezingxenyeni ezingavamile emkhakheni wezinzwa ze-optic, ukulahlekelwa okuncane noma okuphelele kwombono, uhlobo lwe-strabismus, umbono ophindwe kabili, i-"veil" ngaphambi kwamehlo, njll, kungenzeka.
- Ama-cramps - iziphazamiso ezingasalawuliwe zomzimba zingabonakala uma izingxenye ezingenasici zobuchopho zifakwe yi-bulge enkulu emithanjeni.
- Ukuphulwa kwamakhono okuqonda - ukukhunjulwa kwememori, ikhono lokuthola ulwazi olusha, ukucabanga ngokucabangelayo, ukufunda, ukubala, njll.
- Ukukhathazeka kwengqondo - izinguquko ezivamile emoyeni ngokomzwelo, ukucasula, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile.
- Ubumbano bendawo ebusweni, ubuthakathaka bezinsipho zobuso.
I-Aneurysm ye-aorta - izimpawu zobuchopho
I-Aneurysm yobuchopho ngezinye izikhathi ithinta amagatsha e-aorta - isitsha esikhulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso zalesi sifo, iziguli ngokuvamile ziphawula ukucindezela-ukungathandeki ukuzwa okungajabulisi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zekhanda ezihlotshaniswa nokunyuka kwengcindezi engavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizungu, ukwehla kwe-pulse, nokujuluka nakho kuvame ukubonwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kunomzwelo omncane wokukhwehlela ekhanda endaweni yokulimala.
I-Sacrum ye-artery cerebral aneurysm
Ifomu lesifo, lapho i-defect eyakhelwe khona ifana nesigxobo esigcwele igazi futhi yenziwa ngenxa yokulimala kwendawo kwesinye sezingqimba zamathambo, iyona evame kakhulu. Kulesi simo, i-vortex isakhiwe egazini, ukuhamba kwegazi kuhamba phansi, kukhona usongo lwezindwangu zegazi. Izimpawu ze-aneurysm ye-cerebral yalolu hlobo azikwazi ukubonakaliswa isikhathi eside, kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-protrusion noma thrombosis.
Aneurysm we-artery esemqoka yobuchopho
Ngokunqotshwa komshini omkhulu (basilar), ubuhlungu buhlala endaweni yesipilitiki senhloko nasentanyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aneurysm ye-artery cerebral yenza lokho kubonakaliswe njenge-paripheral paresis ye-facial nerv, ukungahambi kahle kokuzwa komsindo, umsindo endlebeni ofana nomoya womoya. Ngoba i-artery esemqoka inikeza igazi ku-cerebellum kanye nebhuloho ye-variolium, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kwegazi okwanele kule minyango, isizungu, ukuzwa ukukhubazeka nokukhathazeka kokuxhumana kungase kwenzeke.
Aneurysm we-artery carotid yobuchopho
Izimpawu zesifo esibucayi besifo sobuchopho endaweni yendawo emzimbeni we-carotid zihlanganisa ukubonakaliswa njengomsindo nokukhala ezindlebeni, ikhanda elinamandla, isizungu, izinkinga nokubona okubukwayo. Ngesikhathi i-palpation kanye nokuhlolwa, uma kuphakanyiswe indawo, ukuvuvukala okungavamile okubonakalayo kuyabonakala, endaweni lapho kukhona khona ukukhathazeka okuncane.
I-Aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral - imiphumela
Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwe-aneurysms ye-cerebral kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-lobes yangaphambili ngokuvamile kuholela ku-cerebral atrophy kule ndawo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuncipha kokuncipha okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, kubonakala ekushintsheni kokuziphatha, izici zomuntu siqu. I-aneurysm yobuchopho, izimpawu zemiphumela yesikhumba somzimba ngenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukulungisa umbono owohlokayo, kuholele ekulimazeni ku-nertic optic.
Ukuphakama kwe-aneurysms ye-cerebral
Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-aneurysm ye-cerebral, noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo noma ngokomzimba, ukugxila ekucindezelekeni kwegazi, imikhuba emibi ingashukumisa ngokushesha umphumela owingozi kakhulu - ukuphuka kwegazi eligcwele isisu. Ngenxa yalokho, kunesifo somzimba esifubeni sebuchopho noma isikhala sokungena, igazi liqala ukucindezela kule ndawo, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphazamiseni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Ngesinye isikhathi ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral nge-intervention yokungatholakali kungabangela umphumela obulalayo. Yazi ukuthi umkhawulo wegebe ungaba kanjani kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo;
- umzwelo wokuzihlambalaza;
- ukuhlanza okuphambene;
- ukulahlekelwa kokwazi.
Ukuphakama kwe-aneurysms ye-cerebral - imiphumela
Kwezinye izimo, ukuqubuka kwama-aneurysms we-cerebral kungase kube kubi kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kokuqeda ukubola kwesisu ebuchosheni, umuntu uvame ukukhubazeka. Ukubonwa nale nkinga kungaba:
- isifo esiyingozi ;
- i-hydrocephalus;
- vasospasm;
- i-coma;
- ukulimala kwengqondo okungaphenduki, njll.
Ukwelashwa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imithi yesimanje ayinayo izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqeda ama-aneurysms we-cerebral. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona isifo esinjalo esiyingozi, kungcono ukuba ungabungozi futhi ungazihloli wena noma iziphi izikhambi, noma ngabe yiziphi ezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe, ezivame ukunikezwa odokotela, kodwa ngama-charlatans. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-aneurysms ye-cerebral kungenziwa kuphela ngokuphathwa kokuhlinzwa.
Ezimweni lapho ukubunjwa kwamathambo kuncane, akubanga imbangela enkulu, iziguli zeluleka ukuba zilinde futhi zigcine amaqhinga, okuhlinzeka ukuvakashelwa njalo kwi-neurosurgeon noma i-neurologist, ukuqapha ubukhulu be-aneurysm, ukulandela "ukuziphatha" kwayo. Ukwengeza, izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yemiphumela eyingozi ziqokwa:
- ukujwayelekile komfutho wegazi;
- ukwehla kwe-cholesterol egazini;
- ukuqina kwe-arteries;
- ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukulahla imikhuba emibi;
- ukulinganisa ukusebenza komzimba, njll.
I-Aneurysm yobuchopho - ukusebenza
Uma i-aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral itholakele, okuvame ukutholakala yi-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwe-tomographic kanye ne-angiography, kungenzeka ukubalekela ezinkingeni zayo nge-operation neurosurgical. Ukwelapha okusebenzayo kulokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuhloswe ukuhlukanisa umgogodla we-aneurysm nokususa ekusakazweni kwe-cerebral. Umsebenzi wokukhipha i-aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral ingenziwa ngenye yezindlela eziyinhloko:
- ukutholakala kokugcina;
- ukucholwa kwe-cervix ene-aneurysm.
Ukuhlinzeka nge-endovascular of aneurysms ye-artery cerebral
Le ndlela iyingxenye encane, eyenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-endovascular ye-aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral kuhilela ukusungulwa komunye wemikhumbi elandelanayo yesikhala sokuguquguquka kancane kancane iqhubekela phambili endaweni yesifo se-pathological ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezixhobo ze-x-ray. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-microspiral ifakwa emgodini we-aneurysm kusukela ku-cathéter, okwenza ukuba ivalwe futhi ilahlekelwe ukwakheka. Inzuzo yale nqubo yindlela yokufinyelela ezitsheni ezijulile, isicelo ngisho nangemva kokuhlukumeza kwe-aneurysm.
Ukwenziwa kwe-aneurysms ye-cerebral
Lapho i-aneurysm yezingqwembe ze-cerebral ingekho ejulile noma lapho kungenelela okuphuthumayo ngemva kokudinga isisu, kuhlinzwa okuvulekile. Le nqubo ihilela ukuvula i-cranium futhi ihlukanise ukwakheka kusuka ekugezeni kwegazi ngokusungula isiqeshana esikhethekile sensimbi entanyeni yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umgudu wokuvuthwa kwamathambo kancane kancane ufa kanye nokushintshwa okuqhubekayo ngamathambo ayo asebenzayo.
Ukusebenza kudinga imishini ye-microsurgical ephezulu, i-microscope yokusebenza. Uma ukungenelela kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba imikhumbi ye-cerebral ivuke, ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukukhipha i-intracerebral hematoma futhi ihlukanise igazi esifundeni se-subarachnoid.
I-Aneurysm yobuchopho - imiphumela ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ngisho ngenxa yokungenelela okuphumelelayo okuhlinzekwa ngempumelelo, lapho i-aneurysm yemikhumbi ye-cerebral iqedwa khona, imiphumela ngemva kokusebenza kungaba kude. Izinkinga zihambisana nokusabela kumuthi wokubulala umzimba, ukulimala ezindongeni zamasongo, ukukhishwa okungaphelele kwezindwangu zegazi, njll. Kulokhu, iziguli zingathuthuka:
- ukuwohloka kwegazi okuhlinzekwa kwezicubu zobuchopho;
- i-thrombosis;
- i-edema ye-cerebral;
- ukuvela kwe-aneurysm entsha;
- inqubo evumbelayo;
- ukwephulwa kwenkulumo, ukuzwa, ukubona, njll.
Noma kunjalo, ingozi yokuqhuba ukusebenza ifanelekile ezimweni eziningi. Ukuphila ngemva kokuchofoza kwe-aneurysm yezingqwembe ze-cerebral, kanye nangemva kokusebenza kwe-endovascular, kuneminye imikhawulo kanye nezincomo. Iziguli eziningi zidinga isikhathi eside sokuvuselelwa nge-physiotherapy, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, imisebenzi ephindaphindiwe.