Thola ukuthi isiphetho sabakwaRomanovs sathuthukiswa kanjani emva kwesigwebo samanga ngo-1918.
Ukubulawa komndeni wasebukhosini ngo-1918 kungenye yezimfihlo eziningi kakhulu zekhulu lama-20. Ngisho neSonto Lama-Orthodox alikwazanga ukunikeza impendulo ecacile kulo mbuzo ukuthi ngabe wonke amalungu emqhele wesiRashiya angamakhosi aphucwa ukuphila. Ngezikhathi ezehlukene kwakuyibandla elabheka ubuqiniso bezinsalela zamaRomanovs, ngokuhlola ngokucophelela ukuguqulwa komzimba wenkosi ku-asidi noma ukucasha kweVatican ka-Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi izihlobo eziseduze zenkosi zisindiswe, noma zenze yonke imizamo yabo yokwenza abaziwayo - azikho ngaphezu kwama-antics wabakhohlisi?
Inguqulo esemthethweni
U-Emperor Nicholas II, umkakhe, u-Alexandra Fyodorovna, nezingane zabo ezinhlanu (amadodakazi amane nendodana eyodwa, indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi) babulawa ngobusuku bukaJulayi 16-17, 1918 endlini engaphansi kwendlu ka-Ipatiev eYekaterinburg. Umndeni ka-Emperor owasuswa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngababambisene bakhe abavela kwamanye amazwe wanikezwa ukuba ahlele ukuphunyuka, kodwa uNikola Aleksandrovich wenqabe ngokuziphatheka njengecala elibalekile.
Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuphathwa kahle kukahulumeni omusha: amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini, nakuba ayeboshelwe, kodwa abe nomusa futhi enobungane nabo. Ngakho-ke, uNicholas II, u-Alexandra Feodorovna, amakhosazana u-Olga, uTatiana, uMaria no-Anastasia, no-Tsarevich Alexei ngalolo suku olungahambi kahle bakholwa ngamazwi kaChekist ne-revolutionary Yakov Yurovsky. Wabamema ukuba behlele phansi, bethi kwakukhona izimpikiswano edolobheni. Lapho, umndeni wasebukhosini nezinceku zakhe eziseduze zafunda ngokushesha isinqumo futhi sabulawa. Izidumbu zathunyelwa ehlathini laseKoptyakovsky, bese zihlanzwa nge-asidi ziphonswe emthonjeni. Iziphathimandla kwakudingeka zihambe kulokhu, ukuze kugweme ukukhonza imizimba njengezithombe.
Inguqulo yanamuhla yababhali-mlando ithi: iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zaziqaphela ngokuphelele ukuthi ukubulawa kwegazi emiphongolweni yomzimba kungase kube yinto engathandeki kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulunyelwa kwesitatimende ngomsakazo kwaxoxwa ngokujulile, ukuthi i-tsar yabalekela, noma yabulawa, futhi umndeni wasuswa eYurophu. Noma kunjalo, ngoJulayi 18 isimemezelo esichazayo esakhishwa yi-Presidium yeKomiti Yomthetho Yase-Russian Central, lapho kuthiwa uNicholas II wadutshulwa ngoba abaphikisi bezombusazwe bazama njalo ukumthatha amandla ukuze babuyisele umbuso wangaphambili.
Umfelokazi, abaDuconshezi Abakhulu nabaholi baphumelela kanjani?
Ngenxa yenguqulo ukuthi umndeni we-tsar ngomzuzwana wokugcina wazwela izitha noma waxoshwa ekufeni kwabantu abangani abaqotho, ubufakazi obucacile bophenyo obangela umyalelo mayelana nokubulawa kukhulunywa. Babengabaza yini lokho abakubona ngamehlo abo?
U-Nikolai Sokolov, uphenyo wezokwehlulela, wabhala embikweni wesimemezelo sokuthi umbusi kanye nezingane zakhe babesuswe endaweni ethile. U-Nikolai uveze ukuthi iphikisana lokuthi ukuhlolwa kwendlu ngamaphoyisa amhlophe kwafakazela ukuthi abantu abaningi badutshulwa kuwo ukulinganisa ukubulawa kwamalungu omndeni wasebukhosini. U-Sokolov wasongelwa futhi washiya izwe ngokusheshisa, esenesikhathi sokufudukela eFrance. Umsizi wakhe wadutshulwa ukumboza amathrekhi akhe ...
Amandla aseSoviet okwesikhathi eside kwadingeka afihle iqiniso lokuthi umndeni wombusi ogcotshiwe wasinda. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakukhona ofakazi bokuzibonela ababona uMpress nezingane emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseRussia. Futhi udokotela wasebukhosini u-Derevenko, owayesehambisane nomndeni wasebukhosini konke ukuphila kwakhe, wenqaba ukumbona umbusi nendlalifa yakhe izidumbu ezazithunyelwa kuye, ngoba babengenayo izibazi nezinhlamvu zokuzalwa ezaziwa ngazo udokotela. Ku-KGB, iSoviet yakha ngisho nomnyango wokulandelela ukunyakaza kwamaRomanovs asele.
Ngokwemvelo yezinkolelo eziningi ukuthi amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ahlakazekile emingceleni yaseRussia ngisho noStalin wawavakashela, ngo-2013 incwadi ethi "Iqiniso Ngenhlekelele Ye-Romanovs" ngumprofesa womlando waseFrance uMark Ferro, onamaphepha aqinisekisa izingxoxo Ekudluliseni indlovukazi namadodakazi akhe eziphathimandla zaseJalimane.
Emva kwalokhu kuxoxisana kwaba yimpumelelo, i-Grand Duches Olga Nikolayevna yawela ngaphansi kwe-Vatican futhi yahlotshiswa nguNkulunkulu we-former Kaiser Wilhelm II waseJalimane, ngoba wabonisa isifiso sokunikeza umuntu kaTsar impilo ehle.
UMcwaningi Omkhulu uMaria waba ngumphathi wezikhulu zase-Ukraine ezibalekile, ngoba wayekwazi ukuqonda ubuhlungu nokucindezeleka kwakhe kuphela.
I-Empress Alexandra Fedorovna wenqabe ukuhola inhlangano yokuguquka, okwathi kamuva eyathola ukubonga kwakhe encwadini evela kuStalin kanye nomyalelo:
"Bukhoma, akekho oyokuthinta, kodwa ungahlangani nezombusazwe."
U-Alexandra Feodorovna, kanye nendodakazi yakhe uTatyana, banikezela ukuphila kwakhe kuNkulunkulu emkhunjini wasePoland. U-Anastasia wedwa wabaleka uVim: unina nodadewethu babengakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani kuye.
UMark Ferro uthi indaba yokubulawa kwamanga kwamalungu omndeni olawulayo ufanelwe wonke umuntu. Amaphoyisa amhlophe ayefuna ukufihla eYurophu futhi akafuni ukukhumbula okwedlule, kanti iziphathimandla azikwazanga ukuvula imfihlo yendlu kaRomanovs, esaba ukuhlukumezeka. Njengengxabano yokugcina unikeza izithombe zedayari ye-Grand Duchess Olga, eyabanjwa ngengozi ngumlobi wezindaba waseMelika uMaria Stravalo ezinqolobaneni zeVatican. Kulodayari wathola idokhumende eqinisekisiwe ngumbhalisi, lapho kwathiwa ngo-1955 u-Olga wathatha igama elithi Marja Bodts.
Incwadi kaMarku iphetha ngombhalo:
"... manje sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi umndeni kaNicholas II wasinda, ngokungafani naye."
Futhi ungamethembi kanjani?