Izinkolelo-ze eziningi zihlotshaniswa nezitshalo zasendlini. Umuthi wemali uhlukaniswa ngalokhu, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya kulandelwa (uma ukholwa izimpawu) kuthinta inhlalakahle yabanikazi: ujabule ngendlela eheha umcebo endlini, futhi ukuphazamisa kubangela ukuphuma okungenakugwenywa kwezimali.
Isihlahla somuthi wemali - ukunakekela ekhaya
Ummeleli ocacile wezilwane ezinomsoco oqoshiwe (igama elisemthethweni lomuthi) lavela ezindaweni ezifudumele nezomile: i-Afrika, i-Arabia nesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Ukusinda kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuchitha umswakama, kugcinwe emaqabunga amnyama. Ukunakekelwa ngokufanele ngomuthi wemali akuyona inkimbinkimbi: kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo ngokuchelela njalo, ukukhanya okungafani nokuhlanzwa okuqabulayo ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ngokuqinisekile kuzophendula ngokukhula okukhulayo ngisho nokuzimbali.
Unganisela kanjani umuthi wemali?
Elinye lama-pluses wesifazane onamafutha awukhathaleli ukondla okwesikhashana. Ukuntuleka kokunisela phakathi nenyanga akuyona ingozi, nakuba kubonakala sengathi kuhlotshaniswa. Ehlobo, ukuphuza umuthi wemali ekhaya kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto (ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi), futhi ebusika kuncishiswe izikhathi eziningana ngenyanga. Kufanelekile ukufaka ekunakekelweni kwesihlahla semali sokugeza eshaweni, okukhululwa amaqabunga othulini bese kusiza ukugcina umswakama odinga isitshalo.
Indlela yokunciphisa umuthi wemali?
Indlu ayihlali njalo ukudala i-microclimate ekhululekile. Ngenxa yalokho, isilwane singakwazi ukwelula phezulu. Ukuze kungabonakali umuthi wemali, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya kuhlanganisa ukubunjwa komqhele. Ukwenza ukubunjwa komuthi wemali kumele kube njalo, kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwezitshalo. Ehlathini elingenhla, bathola futhi baqede iphuzu lokukhula, basuse amahlamvu amabili aphezulu. Lokhu kunikeza umfutho ekubunjweni kwamahlumela amasha kamuva, okuyinto, uma kudingekile, kufanele iphinde ifakwe.
Ungayifaka kanjani umuthi wemali?
Ukufakelwa kwezihlahla zemali kuyadingeka kaningi kangaphezu kokubili eminyakeni emibili, kanti abantu abadala kanye namakhophi anamandla kuguqulwa ukugcwalisa ngezikhathi ezithile embizeni yenhlabathi entsha. Intsha encane ifakwe yindlela yokuguqula, isuka embizeni yakudala iya entsha kanye ne-clod yomhlaba. Kule nkinga, intamo yesitshalo ihlala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, kungenjalo iyohluma futhi ikhule kabi.
Uma kunesidingo esikhulu, owesifazane onamafutha angasetshenziswa ukuguqulwa unyaka wonke, kodwa kuyoba lula ukuphumula ekucindezelekeni entwasahlobo. Uzosiza ukusekela obuthakathaka emva kokufakelwa kokunakekelwa kwesihlahla semali ekhaya ngemithetho elandelayo:
- ukuphuza uma kunesidingo;
- ukukhanya okungafani;
- ukupompela hygienic;
- ayikho imidwebo.
Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo emthini wemali?
I-Tolstyanika ayikubekezeli ukuqhuma kwamanzi. Umhlabathi wesihlahla semali kumele uhambisane ngesikhathi esifanayo (okungahle kutholakale emoyeni nasemanzini) futhi unomsoco. Okufanelekile ukulungele ukutshala inhlabathi, kodwa ungasebenzisa inhlabathi yonke, domeshav kuyo ukunikeza ukukhanya isihlabathi kancane ehlanzekile. Ungakwazi ukuzilungiselela ngokuzimela inhlabathi usebenzisa iresiphi elandelayo:
- umhlaba womhlaba - izingxenye ezintathu;
- I-turf ground - 1 ingxenye;
- isihlabathi - ingxenye engu-1;
- Izinkuni zomlotha nobumba - 0.25 izingxenye.
Uhlobo luni lwebhodlela oludingekayo ukuze uthole umuthi wemali?
Ukukhetha ibhodlela lomuthi wemali kufanele ucabangele izici zokuziphatha kwayo: isistimu yempande yomhlaba kanye nomqhele osakazekayo, ogcwele amaqabunga aminyene. Isiqukathi samafutha asakhulayo kufanele sithengwe esingacacile, esibanzi (ububanzi be-correlates ebhodweni nobubanzi bomqhele) futhi sizinzile. Izinto ezibonakalayo ebhodweni kufanele zivumele ukuphefumula izimpande, futhi ngezansi kudingeka izimbobo zokukhipha amanzi amaningi. Inketho enhle kakhulu kungaba ukutshala komuthi wemali embizeni enkulu yobumba obungaziwa.
Indlela yokwandisa umuthi wemali?
I-Tolstianka ibhekisela ezitshalweni, ezingatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuzalanisa:
- Cuttings . Esikhathini sentwasahlobo, ukusika okulodwa noma eziningana kuya ku-10-15 cm kuncike ekutshalweni komama, izingxenye zifafazwa ngamakhaza achotshoziwe, zomile amahora angu-24, bese zigxila ensizeni enomanzi noma zibekwe esitsheni samanzi ahlanzekile. Emva kokuvela kwezimpande (emva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-10-15), isithombo sitshalwe ebhodweni elihlala njalo.
- Ukukhiqizwa komuthi wemali ngamaqabunga . Amanoni amahlumela ahlukaniswe kahle nesitshalo somzali, ahlume esitsheni esinamanzi ahlanzekile afudumele noma i-substrate emanzi, ngokusika kuya ku-1/3. Isikhathi sokuqala amahlamvu agcinwa endaweni encane yokushisa elincane (ngaphansi kommbizi weglasi noma esikhwameni sepulasitiki), evuliwe nsuku zonke ukuze iqhume. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 leli qabunga lithatha izimpande futhi lifakwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
- Indlela yembewu . Indlela enzima yokwandisa umuthi wemali esetshenziselwa inqubo yokukhetha ekhaya. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebusweni be-substrate enhlanganisela ye-turf nesihlabathi, ehlanganiswe ngilazi futhi ifakwe kule penumbra kuze kufike ukuhluma. Izitshalo ziphuziswa esitokisini se-spray, umoya wansuku zonke. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili, ahanjiswa ngamabhodwe ngamanye e-substrate equkethe, ngaphezu kwesihlabathi kanye ne-turf emhlabathini, iqabunga.
Indlela yokwenza umuthi wemali uqhakaze?
Ngaphandle kokubheka ukunakekelwa okunakekelwa kakhulu ekhaya, umuthi wemali awujabulisi ngaso sonke isikhathi abanikazi bawo abanezimbali. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani umuthi wemali ungaqhakazi:
- Ubudala . Izimbali ezinamafutha angeke zenzeke ngaphambi komnyaka wesihlanu wokuphila.
- Ibhodwe elingakhethi kahle . Esikhathini esikhulu semifino, lesi sitshalo siqala izimpande, singanaki ingxenye engenhla. Lapho, umuthi wemali awuqhakazi kuze kube yilapho izimpande zawo ziboshwe ngokuphelele emgodini womhlaba.
- Ukuchelela ngokweqile . Ezimweni zomswakama ohlala njalo, owesifazane odlayo uqala "ukugcoba", ekhulula amahlamvu amaningi amasha. Ukugqugquzela izimbali kungadlulisela isitshalo "esimweni esomile", okungukuthi, okunciphisa inani lomswakama.
- Ukungabi nesikhathi sokuphumula. Kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuNcwaba, intombazane enhle kufanele inikwe ukuphumula: ukuyihlela kabusha endaweni epholile (+ 10-12 ° C), ukunciphisa ukuchelela, futhi ungabandakanyi ukondla kusuka kumanyolo.
Indlela yokutshala umuthi wemali?
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya akunakucabangeki ngaphandle kokudla ngezikhathi ezithile - yisitshalo esikhulu esidinga izakhi eziningi ukwakha nokugcina umqhele. Izitshalo zomuthi kufanele ziqukathe:
- Potassium . Ngokwephutha, ukuwa kweqabunga kuqala, ukugqithisa okuningi kubhubhisa izimpande.
- Phosphorus . Ebhekene namazinga okukhula amahlumela, ajwayelekile ukwenza izinqubo zemithi.
- I-calcium . Kuyadingeka ukwakheka ngendlela efanele ama-skeleton wesitshalo, ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile kwamanzi kuwo.
Ungasebenzisa njengezinkimbinkimbi ezenziwe ngomumo zokudla ama-succulents (Lignohumate, humisol "GUMI", "Uniflor Cactus", "Gilea - Umanyolo we-cacti", "Effetton DC"), futhi ulungiselele umquba ngokwakho. Njengomthombo we-calcium, i-egg shell ejwayelekile ehlelwe kahle ifanelekile. Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kuzokwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar kusuka kufulawa we-phosphoric.
Isifo somuthi wemali
Umuthi wemali, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya okwenziwa ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho akugulanga. Ukungabi nokukhanya okufanele, ukuphulwa kombuso wokuphuza, ukungabi nomoya omusha kanye nobuncwane obukhulu emagqabeni abangela ukuthi umuthi wemali unqobe izifo nezinambuzane:
- Isihlangu . Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nama-brown bumps futhi aqala ukuwa.
- Isibungu se-spider . Uzinikela ngokwayo i-cobweb encane, engena amaqabunga kanye ne-trunk yesitshalo.
- Amamithabhisi omuncu . Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kuvela umboco omhlophe, ofana noboya bekotoni.
- Ukujikeleza kwe-trunk . I-trunk iba buthaka, iphunga elibi livela.
- Izifo zamaqabunga. Amapheshana aphendukile noma aphenduke aphuzi, aphike futhi awe.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane zisebenzisa izinambuzane eziphilayo ("Fitoverm", "Fufanon"), isisombululo esinamandla sosipho, ukubhema ugwayi kanye ne-garlic infusions. Ukunakekela isitshalo esibulalayo kuqala ngokususwa kwawo wonke amaqabunga awonakele, ukuziphatha kwezinqubo zamanzi (ishawa elifudumele lokuhlanza uthuli) nokushintshela endaweni elala kahle futhi epholile. Uma ubola i-stem kanye / noma izimpande, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kungadingeka enhlabathini entsha.