Izifo ezibangelwa ukuphefumula ( ARI ) zenza ama-95% amacala okwelashwa kumthandi. Ukuxilongwa okuyinhloko yi-influenza, kuthinta abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane emhlabeni, baphindela ngesimo se-epidemics. Njengoba ukwelashwa okulungile nalesi sifo kulula ukubhekana nayo, into esemqoka ukuyihlolisisa ngesikhathi esifanele.
Indlela yokubona umkhuhlane?
Isithombe sesitholampilo se-pathology sivame ukubhekwa iziguli njengomkhuhlane, kodwa ayikho inkulumo enjalo emithi. Kunezimo ezicacile zendlela yokuthola umkhuhlane futhi ukuhlukanisa nezinye izifo zokuphefumula:
- isiqalo esibukhali;
- uphawu oludakayo;
- ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo;
- izimpawu zokugula.
Izimpawu zomkhuhlane kubantu abadala
Ukubonakaliswa kwezici zokutheleleka okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuncike esimweni sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Uma ibuthakathaka, isithombe sesitholampilo siqinisa. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane kumuntu omdala:
- ubuthakathaka, ukulala;
- amandla okusebenza aphansi;
- ikhanda;
- ukwanda okuthe xaxa kokushisa kuya kuma-38-39 degrees;
- isicasuli;
- ama-aches emajoyini, imisipha;
- ukukhala;
- ukubomvu kwamehlo;
- ukwabiwa ketshezi ecacile kusuka ekhaleni;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ukuhlanza (okungajwayelekile);
- tachycardia.
Kamuva, ukunyuswa kokuboniswa okubalwe, futhi okungeziwe kuyongezwa:
- umkhuhlane ;
- ukukhwehlela;
- coryza;
- sneezing.
Izimpawu ze-Influenza ezinganeni
Ingane ingase ibe nokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ngoba ukuzivikela kwasebancane kungakabonakali ngokuphelele. Izimpawu ze-Influenza ezinsaneni:
- ukuxhuma;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuqonda;
- ukukhathazeka;
- ukulala okuncane;
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso, ukunqunywa kwesifuba;
- ukuphindaphinda njalo;
- izihlalo ezisheshayo;
- ukuphefumula umoya;
- kamuva - impumu egijima, ukukhwehlela.
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1, i-symptomatology iseduze nesithombe somtholampilo omdala:
- ukushisa;
- ukudakwa;
- ikhanda, elihlangene, ubuhlungu besisu;
- ubuthakathaka, ukulala;
- ukudla okumbi;
- i-dysphonia;
- umkhuhlane nokukhwehlela;
- coryza;
- ukuhlanza;
- ubuhlungu esiswini.
I-flu - diagnostic
Lesi sifo esicatshangelwayo kulula ukucacisa ngezici zayo ezithile, kodwa kunezivivinyo ezikhethekile zokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwalo. Ukuqaphela umkhuhlane kuhilela ukucwaninga kwezakhi zofuzo (ama-smears avela ekhaleni, emphinjeni, nge-conjunctiva) ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- i-polymerase chain reaction ( PCR );
- indlela yama-antibodies e-fluorescent (i-MFA);
- i-virology ne-reaction ye-neutralization.
Ukuqina komkhuhlane
Ukwelashwa kwezifo eziphefumulelwe ukuphefumula kuxhomeke ekutheni amandla okuqhubekela phambili nokuqina kwezimpawu. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokugeleza kwe-ARVI:
- Ifomu eliphansi lomkhuhlane. Ukushisa komzimba akudluli ama-38.5 degrees. Izikhwehlela, izinhlungu zomzimba nezinhlungu zihlangene noma zibuthakathaka. Ukunciphisa kungabikho noma kwenzeka izikhathi ezingu-1-2. Isikhumba esinamafutha, umsindo othulisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi - tachycardia. Sula izimpawu zokutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula.
- Umkhuhlane weqhwa elilinganiselwe. Umkhuhlane ufinyelela ezingeni lika-38.5-39.5 degrees. Kunezinhlungu ezinzima ekhanda, amalunga, ama-eyesball kanye nemisipha, ukuhlanza okuningi. Ngosuku lwesithathu lesi sifo, i-nosebleeds yenzeke, i-tachycardia iphawulwe, inomsindo wenhliziyo yomsindo.
- Inkambo enkulu yomkhuhlane. Ukushisa kuphakama kuya ku-39.5 degrees nangaphezulu, okuhambisana nokuvinjelwa, ukungahambi kahle, ukudiliza kanye nokucubungula. I-syndrome yesifo ibuhlungu futhi ibuhlungu, ukuhlanza kuvame ukuvama. Isikhumba simbola kakhulu, "imabula", izindebe nezindawo ezizungeze umlomo zithola umthunzi we-cyanotic. Umsebenzi wenhliziyo uyadabukisa, izinkinga zivela ngesimo sokunamathiswa kwezifo ezingamagciwane.
- Ifomu (i-hypertoxic) ifomu. Isikhathi sokunciphisa esifushane nokuqhubekela phambili okusheshayo. Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane kuleli cala kufanele kube okuphuthumayo futhi kumile. Isistimu enkulu yezinzwa, inhliziyo kanye namaphaphu kuthinteka. Ngalolu hlobo lwe-pathology, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.
Yingozi kangakanani umkhuhlane?
Inkinga eyinhloko yezifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa yi-viral isifo sabo, ikakhulukazi emva kokunamathiselwe kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imiphumela engozini yomkhuhlane:
- i-bronchitis;
- i-pneumonia ;
- i-edema yobuchopho;
- i-meningitis;
- i-sinusitis;
- i-neuralgia;
- i-radiculopathy;
- i-meningoencephalitis;
- i-otitis media ;
- ukuthuthumela okweqile;
- i-myositis;
- i-pericarditis;
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo;
- i-myocarditis;
- I-Reye's syndrome;
- i-glomerulonephritis;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesicelo;
- i-abscess yamaphaphu nabanye.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane?
Isisekelo sokwelashwa kwezifo zokuphefumula ngegciwane kungukusekelwa kwesistimu yomzimba. Uma kungekho izingxenye zebhaktheriya zalesi sifo, amanxusa ayisisekelo kuphela e-pharmacy adingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusizwa kwemibonakaliso yemitholampilo ye-pathology. Ngendlela elula futhi elinganiselayo yesifo, ukwelashwa okuphulukisiwe komkhuhlane kunconywa - izincomo zemitholampilo:
- ukuphumula kombhede;
- ukuhlukaniswa;
- isiphuzo esinomsoco esiningi;
- ukugwema ukudla okunamandla okuvuthiwe;
- ukuvuthwa okuvamile kanye nokuhlanza kwe-antiseptic okumanzi kwezakhiwo;
- ukugeza nsuku zonke eshaweni.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane kubantu abadala?
Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezingenhla, ukwelashwa kwe-ARVI kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi. Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane ekhaya kuhilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-etiotropic ezithinta imbangela yalesi sifo, kanye nezidakamizwa ezibonakalayo ezidambisa isimo somuntu. Amaphilisi antiviral noma amaconsi kufanele athathwe phakathi kwezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-1-3 ngemuva kokutheleleka. Kamuva, ukwelashwa kwe-etiotropic ye-influenza akusebenzi, ngoba amaseli we-pathogenic asevele asakaze kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izidakamizwa ezibonakalayo zikhethwa kuye ngezimo ezivela emtholampilo. Lezi zihlanganisa imithi enjalo:
- ama-antihistamine;
- anti-inflammatory;
- abaphulukisi;
- i-antipyretic;
- izixazululo ze-vasoconstrictive (zekhala);
- i-antitussive;
- i-mucolytics;
- i-expectorant.
Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane ezinganeni
Zonke izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-ARVI kubantu abadala nazo ziyasebenza uma ingane isulelekile. Ngaphambi kokwelapha umkhuhlane ekhaya, kuhle ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane futhi uqiniseke ukuthi utholakala yini. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology ezibuzwayo zifana nezinye izilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane ezivame ukungena ebuntwaneni: izinkukhu, isirabelisi kanye ne-rubella.
Ingozi eyinhloko yengculaza yengane iwukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni ngokumelene nesizinda sokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isifo somkhuhlane kanye nezihlalo ezivamile. Abazali kufanele baqaphele imithi yokuphuza ingane, ngoba ukungabi khona kwamanzi emzimbeni kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Izinsana kumele zivame ukusetshenziselwa isifuba noma zinike ibhodlela. Izingane ezindala zeluleka ukuba ziphule ingilazi ye-compote efudumele, itiye le-herbal noma amanzi namanje njalo amahora angu-0.5.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, abesifazane akufanele bathathe cishe wonke ama-pharmacy agents. Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane kubesifazane abakhulelwe kunomkhawulo ezincomo ezisemtholampilo eziyisisekelo. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuyisimangaliso, imithi kuphela ephephile (i-Paracetamol kanye nezivumelwano zayo), amalungiselelo engokwemvelo ngokusekelwe kwamakhambi kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla, ukusetshenziselwa ukuvuza. Ukwelashwa okufanele kwegciwane kumama olindelekile kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngumuthi. Ukwenqatshelwe kakhulu ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla zokulwa ne-antibacterial, lokhu kuyingozi kumntwana.
Kunokuba uphathe umkhuhlane?
Ngenkambo evamile yokuphefumula okubangelwa ukuphefumula kwamagciwane ngaphandle kokucindezeleka kwamabhaktheriya, kuyodingeka isethi yemithi encane. Kunokuba uphathe umkhuhlane ekhaya ngokuphathelene nezimpawu, kubalulekile ukuxazulula njengokubonakala kwezibonakaliso ze-pathology. Uma ukutheleleka kutholakala lapho kuqala ukuqhuma kwezifo, kuhle ukuphuza inkambo yezidakamizwa ze-antiviral.
Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane - izidakamizwa
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlwithwa okuhlongozwayo kanye nezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-1-3 emva kokutheleleka, kuphakanyiswa ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-etiotropi. Amaphilisi antiviral ngokumelene nomkhuhlane:
- Tamiflu;
- Amantadine;
- Engistol;
- I-Midantan;
- Amizon;
- Grippferon;
- Agri;
- Kagocel;
- I-Remantadine;
- I-Adapromine;
- I-Lavomax;
- Ergoferon;
- I-Arbidol;
- Relenza;
- Anaferon;
- I-Triazavirin nabanye.
Ukwelashwa okujulile komkhuhlane kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezibonakalisiwe. Ama-Antihistamines:
- I-Telfast;
- Suprastin;
- I-Zodak;
- I-Loratadine;
- I-Fenistil ne-analogues.
Okuphikisanayo nokuvuvukala nomphumela we-analgesic:
- Nalgezin;
- Ibuprofen;
- I-Naproxen;
- I-Pentalgin;
- I-Nurofen kanye nezilinganiso.
Antipyretics:
- I-Paracetamol ;
- Ibuklin;
- Efferalgan;
- I-Viburkol;
- Antiflu kanye nezifaniso.
Uphonsa ekhaleni:
- Ximelin;
- I-Nazivin;
- Otrivin;
- I-Tysine;
- Nazol nabanye.
Imithi yokukhwehlela:
- I-Lazolvan ;
- Ambroxol;
- Herbion;
- IBroncholitin;
- I-Clenbuterol kanye nezilinganiso.
Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane ngamakhambi abantu
Imithi yemvelo iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo esekela umsebenzi wesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba futhi unciphisa izimpawu ze-ARVI. Ukwelapha umkhuhlane ekhaya ngezokwelapha zomuntu kungakwanela ukutakula ngokugcwele. Kufanele kunikelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile emithethweni enikezwa abazali bezingane nabomama esizayo, abangakwazi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziningi zemithi.
Phuza nomkhuhlane ekuqaleni kwesigaba
Izithako :
- amanzi afudumele abilisiwe - 1.5 amalitha;
- ithebula elikhulu usawoti noma usawoti usawoti - 1 ithisipuni;
- ascorbic acid in powder - 1 g;
- ijusi kalamula - 50 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Dissolve emanzini zonke izithako.
- Gcoba kahle uketshezi.
- Phuza ikhambi esikhathini samahora angu-2-2.5, okungcono ngosuku lokuqala emva kokutheleleka.
Imithi yemithi yokulwa nomkhuhlane
Izithako :
- amanzi ashisayo (hhayi amanzi abilayo) - 1 ingilazi;
- Isimpande se-ginger esikhishiwe - isipuni 1 esinesilayidi;
- ilamula - ucezu olu-1 olukhulu;
- uju - 2 tsp;
- amaqabunga ezinhlamvu - 5-7 izingcezu.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Hlanganisa impande ye-ginger noju.
- Thela ukwakheka ngamanzi ashisayo.
- Engeza i-lemon ne-mint, ushukela nge-spoon.
- Misa imizuzu engu-15-30.
- Thatha isiphuzo izikhathi ezingu-1-4 ngosuku.
Itiye we-Herbal kusuka ehlathini
Izithako :
- chamomile izimbali - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- incwadi yokuqala - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- sage - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- amanzi abilayo - 500 ml;
- uju, ujamu noma ushukela - ukunambitha.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Gaya futhi uhlanganise amakhambi.
- Uwathulule ngamanzi abilayo.
- Bambelela esitsheni esisindiwe imizuzu engu-40.
- Nciphisa itiye.
- Phuza isiphuzo emini, ungakwazi ukwengeza amaqabunga ambalwa eminzini entsha.
Umhluzi we-Antipyretic
Izithako :
- ibhali lensiza - 100 g;
- amanzi - 1 l;
- uju - 1 tsp.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Bilisa i-rump ngokushisa okuphansi imizuzu engu-15.
- Kulula, khipha umhluzi.
- I-liquid ephumela kuhlanganiswe noju.
- Phuza umuthi ngaphambi kokulala.
Ngiyakwazi ukuthatha ama-antibiotics ngomkhuhlane?
Lesi sifo esichazwe ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ngakho-ke ama-antimicrobial asinamandla kulokhu. I-antibiotic emelene nomkhuhlane ayikona nje kuphela, kodwa ingabangela nokulimala. Imithi enjalo iyanciphisa isimiso somzimba somzimba, ngenxa yokuthi igciwane liyanda futhi lisakazeka ngokushesha. Isimo esisodwa lapho kudingeka khona ukusebenzisa ama-antimicrobial agents kukhona ukwelashwa komkhuhlane onzima. Uma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kujoyina, ama-antibiotics asiza ukuwuvimbela, kodwa udokotela kuphela okufanele abone.
Yeka ukuthi ungaguli kanjani nomkhuhlane?
Kukhona izinyathelo ezijwayelekile futhi eziqondile zokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-ARVI.
Ukuvinjelwa okujwayelekile kwemfuluwenza nemifudlana:
- Ukudla okuphezulu kwebanga.
- Ukuphila okunempilo.
- Isikhathi esanele sokuphumula.
- Umsebenzi womzimba.
- Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuhlanzeka.
- Ukucindezela umzimba.
- Ukugwema izindawo nabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.
- Ukwamukelwa kwamavithamini ama-complexes, ukuvimbela izidakamizwa.
Indlela ethile yokuvimbela i-pathology iyigciwane lokulwa nomkhuhlane. Ukuphumelela kokugoma kuye kwafakazelwa emtholampilo, kodwa kuyindlela yokuzithandela. Odokotela bacebisa ukwethula igciwane kubantu abahlala endaweni engozini kakhulu:
- izingane;
- asebekhulile;
- abasebenzi bezikole zezemfundo nezokwelapha;
- abantu abane-immunodeficiency bathi.