Ukuhlunga ngokweqile kwesikhumba - ukutholakala kwezindawo ezihlukene zombala wesikhumba obala kakhulu kuqhathaniswa nayo yonke isikhumba. Isizathu esiphuthumayo sezinto zomzimba ukukhula kwe-pigment (melanin) emaqenjini e-epidermal.
Izimbangela ezibangela ukuguqulwa kwegazi yizi:
- ukuphazanyiswa kwezingqungquthela zomsindo wangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi izigulane ezingaphezu kwe-adrenal (isifo sika-Addison);
- isifo sesibindi;
- isifo se-bile;
- ukudakwa ngenxa yezifo ezingelapheki (malariya, isifo sofuba) kanye nezifo ze-parasitic (ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic);
- izifo ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwemithi (porphyria, pellagra);
- ukuthatha imithi ethile, isibonelo, ukukhulelwa kwemithi.
Ukwehliswa kwesikhumba emilenzeni kubonisa ukwanda okungapheli komfutho wegazi. Ngokuvamile, ukwenyuka kwe-pigmentation kuhlotshaniswa nesimo somzimba womzimba, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwamabala e-pigment kungabonwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ama-lentigo (ama-senile amabala) emzimbeni wonke awuphawu lwabantu asebekhulile. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba sombuso sikhanyiswa ngamantombazane amancane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
I-hyperpigmentation engemva kokuvuvukala kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwamanxeba esikhumba, ukushisa, ama-acne, ama-papules nezilonda. Ezindaweni zokuphulukisa ze-epidermis, ukunyamala kungabonakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma kuhlale kuze kube phakade.
Ukwelashwa kwe-skin hyperpigmentation
Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-pigmentation kufanele zithintwe nodokotela. Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperpigmentation ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke ekubambeni kokufakwa kwe-pigment, ngakho-ke i-dermatologist ingancoma ukuhlolwa ne-gastroenterologist, isazi somzimba, isazi se-endocrinologist. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zangaphandle, okunciphisa ukuhluka kombala phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zesikhumba.
Phakathi kwama-bleaching agents okusetshenziselwa kwangaphandle, okulandelayo kuthandwa kakhulu:
- ukugcoba amafutha, ama-creams, ama-lotions asekelwe ku-mercury, i-salicylic acid, i-tannin, i-perhydrol (i- "Achromin", "Ukuhlanzeka", i- "Euphorbia", njll);
- ihlanjululwe nge-hydrogen peroxide hydrapathy;
- high-protection photo creams.
Nge-pigmentation eqinile, kunconywa ukuvakashela ubuhle be-salon, lapho ochwepheshe ezokwenza khona izinqubo ezidingekayo, kufaka phakathi:
- ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali, lapho ukuguqulwa kwesigcawu esingaphezulu se-epidermis kwenzeka;
- i-dermabrasion - isikhumba se-laser sokuvusa;
- isithombe se-photorejuvenation.
Nge-pigmentation emva kokuvuvukala, i- ozonotherapy inconywa.