Okumangalisayo, kodwa iqiniso: ngokushesha noma kamuva cishe wonke umuntu ucabanga ngokuqhubeka komndeni. Futhi abanye abantu baphupha izingane ngaphezu kwamakhosikazi abo. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekulungiselela ukukhulelwa, obaba besikhathi esizayo bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi abakwenzi lutho ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi baphutha. Amadoda kanye nabesifazane bafaka isandla ekwenzeni i-genetics yengane futhi banomthwalo wempilo yengane noma indodakazi yabo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ngaphandle kwezakhi zofuzo, kukhona esinye isici esibalulekile sokulungiselela ukuzaliswa komndeni. Kusukela kumuntu ngezindlela eziningi amathuba okukhulelwa ancike. Njengoba izibalo zibonisa, cishe ingxenye yesigameko sokukhulelwa asitholakali ngenxa yokuzala okuphansi komuntu. Futhi, isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuzala siyikhwalithi yesimiso, esinqunywe yimingcele enjalo njengenombolo ye-spermatozoa, ukuhamba kwayo, isakhiwo (morphology) nokusebenza kahle.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani le ndima ebalulekile idlalwe yizici, ake sikhumbule ukuthi ukukhulelwe kwenzeka kanjani.
I-Spermatozoa ingena emgodini we-uterine ngemva kwemizuzu engu-30-60 ngemva kokujula, futhi emva kwamahora angu-1.5-2 afaka i-ampulla ye-tube uterine. Iqanda litholakala lapha ngokulinganisa amahora angu-24 emva kokuvuthwa. Khona-ke iqanda lifaka noma lifa. Lapho i-spermatozoa "ithola" iqanda, ihlanganisa igobolondo layo, kodwa ingena emgodini weqanda, njengombuso, kuphela eyodwa i-spermatozoon enokwenzeka. Konke okunye, igobolondo ingenakufinyeleleka. Ngemuva kokuba i-spermatozoon ingene eqandeni, i-nucleus yayo ihlangana neqanda leqanda, futhi ama-chromosomes kababa enza isethi esisodwa nama-chromosomes omama. Cishe ngosuku olulandelayo, iseli eliholelekile liqala ukuhlukanisa - isigaba sokuqala sokubunjwa kwe-fetal siqala.
Ngokweqiniso, konke kulula. Kodwa iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-spermatozoon inezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu (izikhathi ezingu-8 ezincane kune-pixel). Ukuze 'ufike' eqandeni, isidoda sidinga ukunqoba ibanga elifushane, elingaphezu kuka-3636 izikhathi. Uma indoda kwakufanele ihambe ngaleyo ndlela, kwakuzodingeka ihambe ukusuka eMoscow iya eVoronezh. Ucabanga ukuthi abaningi bangabhekana nalo msebenzi? Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-spermatozoa iyiselula futhi isakhiwo esifanele. Futhi uma isibalo esinjalo sesimeni, siphumelele amathuba okuthi okungenani omunye wabo angafinyelela umgomo.
Masikhulume kabanzi mayelana nenkomba ngayinye.
Izinkomba zokuzala komuntu
Njengoba sesivele sithole, ukuze uhlangabezane ne-ovum, i-spermatozoa kumele ihambise kabusha futhi ibe sesinye isiqondiso. I-spermatozoons ibhekwa ingasebenzi uma izintambo zazo zomzimba zinezinyathelo eziyindilinga noma ezisakazayo endaweni eyodwa (manezhnye noma pendulum) - kulokhu i-spermatozoon ayikwazi ukufinyelela ovum. Imbewu evamile iyacatshangwa, okungenani okungenani ama-40% we-spermatozoa ayasebenza ngokuhamba phambili.
Isakhiwo esifanele asiqali nje kuphela ikhono lokuhambisa, kodwa futhi ikhono lokufaka iqanda. I-spermatozoon ibhekwa njengokuziphatha ngendlela efanele uma ikhanda layo linomphetho ovuthayo we-oval nge-acrosome echazwe kahle. I-acrosome i-membrane vial ene-enzyme ehlakaza igobolondo leqanda ukungena ku-spermatozoon kuyo. I-acrosome kufanele ivame ukuthatha u-40-70% wekhanda. I-spermatozoon akufanele ibe nezinsalela zekhanda, intamo, ingxenye ephakathi nomsila.
Ukuhlushwa kwe-spermatozoa ejaculate kubaluleke kakhulu. Izimo ezingaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-39 ze-spermatozoa ezinempilo noma ngaphezulu eziwela ku-milliliter eyodwa yesidoda zibhekwa njengezithelo zokukhulelwa. Ukuze umanyolo uphumelele, okungenani izigidi ezingu-10 ze-spermatozoa kufanele zingene esibelethweni.
Indlela yokuhlola ukuzala kwesilisa?
Indlela eqondile ukukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-ejaculate, i-spermogram. Ukwehlukanisa i-spermogrammy kuzovumela ukulinganisa ikhwalithi yezinja , ukudalula izinkinga ezingaphazamisa ukukhulelwa, nokuziqeda.
Ngokuhambisana namazinga we-WHO, i- spermogram enhle kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Umqulu we-ejaculate: 1.5 ml noma ngaphezulu.
- Ingqikithi yen spermatozoa ejaculate: izigidi ezingu-39 noma ngaphezulu.
- Ukuhlushwa kwe-spermatozoa ku-1 ml: izigidi ezingu-15 noma ngaphezulu.
- Ukuhamba okuphelele kwe-spermatozoa: 40% noma ngaphezulu.
- Isibungu ngokunyakaza okuqhubekayo: 32% noma ngaphezulu.
- Ukukhubazeka kwe-spermatozoa: i-58% noma ngaphezulu.
- I-Morphology: amafomu ajwayelekile 4% noma ngaphezulu.
Ungathatha kanjani i-spermogram?
Ngaphambi kokubeka isilwane ekuhlaziyweni, kubalulekile ukuba ubaleke emsebenzini wezocansi okungenani izinsuku ezingu-3-4, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwesonto. Awunakuphuza utshwala (kubandakanya ubhiya), imithi, vakashela i-sauna, uthathe okugeza okushisayo. Ukushisa okukhulu kangangokuthi isibungu asifi, 20-37 ° C, ukupholisa isidoda esingaphansi kwe-20 ° C kuholela ekuphambeni kwezinkomba. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthatha ukuhlaziywa ekamelweni elifanayo lapho i-laboratory ikhona khona. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa ezakhiwe ezikhishwe egumbini lokugqoka i-laboratory ziba khona. Ukulahlekelwa okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kungaphambisa umphumela wesifundo.
Uma inkomba ye-spermogram iphakeme, ukuhlaziywa okukodwa kunganele. Kodwa uma ubona i-pathologies ejaculate, uzodinga ukuhlaziywa kabili noma kathathu ngezinsuku ezingu-7.
Ngidinga ukuthatha i-spermogram?Akubona bonke abantu abavuma ukuhamba ngenjongo yokulethwa kwe-spermogram esiteji sokuhlela ukukhulelwa. Yebo, lokhu kuziphatha kuyaqondakala futhi kungabhekiswa ngezizathu ezivumelekile. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, indoda kufanele icabange ukuthi ingayithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yesilisa bese yandisa ukuhamba kwe-spermatozoa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ikhwalithi yesilisa emadodeni seliyeke kakhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ukuhlushwa, i-morphology futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, i-motility ye-spermatozoa inomthelela kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle: ukuwohloka kwezimo zemvelo, utshwala kanye nemithi ethile, ukubhema, ukungondleki, njll.
Ukwandisa i-motility ye-spermatozoa kanye nekhwalithi yesidoda kuzosiza amalungiselelo akhethekile e-vitamin. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kusukela ukuvuthwa kwe-spermatozoa kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-72, le ndoda kumele inikwe okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ukuhlela ukukhulelwa. Amavithamini wamadoda ngalesi sikhathi kufanele athathwe nsuku zonke. "Amavithamini wamadoda" kufanele aqukethe i-zinc, i-vitamin E ne-L-carnitine ezinyangeni eziphakeme. Zonke lezi zingxenye ziyingxenye yomuthi "Spematon". "I-Spematon" ivuselela i-spermatogenesis futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yesilisa ngenxa yokuthi:
- I-carnitine ikwandisa inombolo ye-spermatozoa, ithuthukise ukuhamba kwayo, isiza ukunciphisa inani lamangqamuzana omzimba ongavamile we-morphologically.
- I-Zinc ibalulekile ekuqalisweni kwe-hormone testosterone ne-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni umdlwane.
- U-Vitamin E ukwandisa ukuhamba nokuhlushwa kwe-spermatozoa, kwandisa ukusebenza kwazo.
Futhi-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlela ukukhulelwa akubandakanyi nje amavithamini emadodeni, kodwa futhi nendlela yokuphila enempilo, okungenani ukwenqaba okwesikhashana utshwala nokubhema, ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuzizwa kahle. Yebo, ukucindezeleka, futhi, kubiza isimo somzimba wesilisa futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yesilisa.
Izinyanga ezintathu zokuqaphela umzimba wakho ngokucophelela nokugcina imithetho elula yilokho umuntu angayenza impilo yengane yakhe engakazalwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe.