Ukunakekelwa kahle utamatisi evulekile - indaba elula yensimu ejwayelekile yokulima. Utamatisi kulula ukukhula ngesitshalo esikhiqiza isitshalo esincane cishe kunoma yimuphi unyaka, kodwa umnikazi wensimu uqinisekisiwe ukuzihlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme nezithelo ezimnandi ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibi nakakhulu.
Izinhlobo zamatamatayi ezivulekile
Zonke izinhlobo zalesi siko zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokwemingcele ehlukene - ngamandla okukhula, ngokuvuthwa, ngobukhulu bezithelo. Ukukhetha imbewu utamatisi ukuze unakekele futhi ukhule ngaphandle, kudingeka wazi kahle ukuthi ufuna ukuvuna. Ukuze ulondolozwe, utamatisi amancane nensundu, angabeka kalula kwi-can, enhle kakhulu, ngama-saladi, ukunambitha izimfanelo kukhona phezulu ohlwini.
Izinhlobo ezinquma. Lolu hlobo lufanelekile izakhamuzi zasehlobo, ezikhetha ukunakekela utamatisi endaweni evulekile ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-trellis. Izihlahla ezicacile zinekhampani ezibonakalayo, zikhula kancane, amaqabunga okuqala akha amaqabunga angama-6-8. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-inflorescences eziningana, ukukhula kwesitshalo kumisiwe. Izinzuzo zamatamatisi anqunyiwe - aphansi, ngokuvunwa okuhle kokuqala kanye nokubuyisela okuhle kwezithelo. Ukulimala kwezinhlobo zezilwane - amahlathi aphefumulanga kahle umoya, ajwayele ukugula, aphansi kunamatamatisi amade ngokuvunwa okujwayelekile.
Iitamatisi ezingcono kakhulu zokwelashwa kwangaphandle kohlobo oluthile:
- Oakwood,
- Isivuno,
- Alpha,
- Valentine,
- Ukuqhuma,
- Sanka,
- I-Volgogradsky 323,
- Bagheera F1,
- ULinda F1,
- I-Rio Grande.
Izinhlobo ezingaphenduliwe kanye nezinhlamvu. Ukunakekela utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kungenziwa endaweni encane nokusetshenziswa kwe-trellises noma izigxobo, ukuhlwanyela ubude, imbewu ekhiqizayo yalesi sitshalo. Le ndlela isiza ukuthola izithelo eziphakeme, ukususa izithelo ezihlahleni kuze kube seqhwa, ngoba ukungagcini kusho ukukhula okungenamkhawulo kwamahlumela. Izihlahla zifaka fruiting kamuva, zakha amaqabunga hhayi ngaphambi kuka 7 amaqabunga.
Izinzuzo zamatamatisi angakapheli - ukukhiqizwa okuvela ezihlahleni izikhathi eziningana eziphakeme, isibalo semibhulashini sifinyelela ku-50, utamatisi ukuma kahle, nezithelo ezinde ezithwala. Ukulimala kwezinhlobo ezide - isitshalo sokuqala sitholakalayo cishe inyanga ngemva kwezinhlobo ezifakiwe, ezindaweni ezibandayo, ukunakekelwa utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kungabangela izinkinga ngenxa yehlobo elifushane.
Utamatisi ongcono kakhulu:
- Inhliziyo yenkomo,
- Inkosi i-orange,
- I-Queen Queen,
- Veja,
- De-Barao,
- I-Hybrid Tarasenko,
- Bogatyr Maslova,
- I-Crimson Ozharovsky,
- I-Watermelon,
- I-Verlioq F1,
- I-mustang ebomvu.
Indlela yokunakekela utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Emva kokuthola imbewu utamatisi, ukulima nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuqala ngokuthola izithombo zekhwalithi. Esimo sezulu esishisayo, abantu bavame ukwenza ukuhlwanyela utamatisi ngqo emhlabathini, belahlekelwa isikhathi esiyigugu nethuba lokuthola imikhiqizo yabo yokuqala. Ngokuvamile engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo kunezifo ezihlasela izifo ze-fungal, ezingavumeli ukuthola utamatisi ophezulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi. Ukuba nezithombo ngesikhathi sokutshala uneminyaka engu-55, uzokwazi ukuncintisana nemakethe futhi ugweme izinkinga eziningi.
Izitshalo ezikhulayo zezitamatisi zomhlabathi ovulekile zingenziwa ekhwaleni noma kwi-loggia, esitsheni sefasitela, engadini yemifino ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ukunakekela izithombo ensimini ewufanelekile e-Ukraine, eNyakatho Caucasus, eNingizimu yeRussia. Lo msebenzi udinga ukushisa kwansuku ngaphandle kwefasitela okungenani ngu-15 ° C, ngaphandle kweqhwa elikhulu. Uma ukhula efulethini udinga ukudala ukukhanya okuhle kwezithombo, kunezinkinga ezinezitshalo ezifudumayo, uma kufanele uzijwayeze kancane kancane elangeni elivulekile.
Yikuphi ukushisa okwenziwa utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ukwenza utamatisi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi sibhekene nemasiko e-thermophilic kakhulu. Ukunakekela utamatisi emazingeni aphansi akungacabangi, ngisho nokupholisa isikhathi eside kuya ku-1-3 ° C wokushisa kuholela ekulimaleni nasekufeni kokutshala. Izinhlobo ezibandayo kakhulu eziphilayo zihlala neqhwa elingaphansi kuka-3 ° C ezimweni ezihlukile lapho kunezulu elingenamoya. Amafihledi angcono kakhulu ekuvundeni ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-22-25 ° C, utamatisi ukhula ngokushesha kakhulu ekushiseni kwe-20-24 ° C.
Ukunakekela utamatisi ngemuva kokutshala
Ukucima izithombo, izinga lokushisa liyancipha kancane kancane kuya ku-10-15 ° C, ngenkathi lijwayele ukuwashisa elangeni. Izithombo ezinhle ziyizitshalo ezinezibhamu eziningana zezimbali. Uma isimo sezulu singavumeli izithombo ukuba zitshalwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithombo ezinwetshiwe zingene emigodini e-3/4 yokuphakama kwesiqu, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande ezengeziwe. Ukunakekela izithombo zamatamatisi esiteji sokuqala ukuphuza, ukukhulula phansi, ukuqala kokubunjwa kwehlathi ngokususa izinyathelo ezingaphezulu.
Inhlabathi enzima kuyodingeka ikhulule njalo amasonto amabili okuqala ngemuva kokufika. Ekunakekeleni utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokugqama, le ndlela yandisa ukwakhiwa kwezimpande, inomthelela ekugcwaliseni umhlaba nge-oxygen. Isikhathi sokuqala sihlwanyela izitshalo izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokutshala, futhi - ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20. Ukuze kube nomthelela omuhle, ukuhamba ngezintaba kulandelwa ukuthambisa okuhle kwamahlathi.
Ukuphuza utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Embuzweni wokuthi ungamanzi kanjani utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, bala inani lemithombo izitshalo ezidinga. Inkathi eyingozi kunazo zonke - isikhathi sokubeka nokuthululela izithelo, ekushiseni kuqhuma noma kukhule kancane. Indlela enhle - ukunisela ukuchelela. Ngaphandle kwalesi simiso, sisebenzisa ukuhlinzeka kwamanzi emithonjeni, ngaphansi kwesihlahla, ngaphandle kokumanzisa amaqabunga. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukufaka amanzi kusihlwa, ukukhululeka okwalandela kubhubhisa i-crust.
Yini ongayidla utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Izitshalo zikhiqizwa okungenani izikhathi ezintathu kuya ezine ehlobo, kulungile ukwenza le nqubo njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-14 ngesikhathi sokukhula. Utamatisi onokugqoka okuphezulu nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokulima iveza isivuno esikhulu futhi singaguli kancane. Izinsuku zalezi zenzakalo zihlangene nesikhathi esikhethekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla, okusiza ukugqugquzela izimbali noma ukukhula kwezithelo. Ukutshala nge-fertilizer eziyinkimbinkimbi yenzakaliso kwenziwa ngokusho kwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi (Ideal, Growth-Concentrate nabanye) noma ukunyuswa kwezinsuku ezintathu kwezinyoni zezinyoni ekugxileni kwe-1:15.
Lapho ukugqoka phezulu utamatisi kwenziwa:
- Isikhathi sokuqala esisondla - izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile.
- Ukondla okwesibili kunesiqalo sokuvulwa kwehlumela.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesithathu kwezakhi - ngokuqedwa kwesibhulashi sesithathu.
- Ukudla kwesine kulandela izinsuku ezingu-14.
Ungayinakekela kanjani utamatisi obunzima?
Utamatisi ophezulu kakhulu awudingi ukwakheka okwenziwe, futhi izinhlobo ezinqunyelwe iningi zenziwa ngaphansi kwe- pasynkovaniyu . Ngokunakekelwa kahle utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, izinketho eziningana zisetshenziswa. Icala lokuqala yilona ukubunjwa kwesinye isiqalo ngaphambi kokuyeka ukukhula okuzenzakalelayo. Okukhethwa kwesibili - shiya eyodwa noma i-pair of stepsons, eyakha ibhulashi elilodwa lembali. Ngezinye izikhathi, ehlathini elikhulu, ama-inflorescences ama-5 abekwe, bese ehlulwa, eqhubeka nokwakha isihlahla ngokusizwa kwesibhamu esakhula esivela phezulu ehlathini.
Ukunakekela utamatisi omude
Ngaphezu kokuhlanganisa iziqu, ukunakekela utamatisi kuhilela ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo. Ngezinhlobo ezide kuze kube ngamamitha angu-2 nangaphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwesinye isiqu kufanelekile, lapho zonke izihlumela ze-lateral ziphuma. Uma wenza amahlumela amabili, i-steponld stepon neyokudubula, eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwebhayisikili yokuqala nefihlekile, ishiywe. Kulolu cala, ama-inflorescence angama-4 ashiywe esiteshini esiyinhloko, esitokisini esilandelayo singama-3. Uma senza amahlumela amathathu, sithola isihlahla esinamandla esakha isiqu esiyinhloko kanye nabantwana ababili abaphansi. Ezingxenyeni ezengeziwe sishiya ku-2 amabhulashini, kuma-main inflorescences amathathu.
Pasynkovanie utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ekunakekeleni utamatisi, i-pasynaking iyinkqubo ebaluleke kunazo zonke, amahlumela angadingekile awanciphisa isitshalo, athathe ama-juice wona, okwenza kubonakale izithelo ezincane ezingajwayelekile. Zama ukungadonsa amahlumela ohlangothini ngamandla, kodwa ukuwaphula ngeminwe yakho, ukuwadonsa ngokucophelela eceleni. Sinqumela amahlumela amnyama ngommese noma umsila. Inqubo yenziwa ekuseni, usuku oluthi i-hemp luma. Izitshalo ezinempilo ziqala kuqala, izihlahla ezidabukisayo zilahla noma zi-pasynkovanie kuzo olunye usuku.
Ukukhishwa utamatisi - ukunakekelwa
Leli qembu lamatamatisi liqukethe izinhlobo ezincane zokukhula kanye nezinhlamvu ezinomsoco wokuvuthwa kwezinga eliphezulu ezinsukwini ezingu-95, kuhlanganise iDubok, Gnome, Nevsky, Snowdrop, Miracle yaseSiberia, Watercolor, Lord, Vityaz. Ebhizinisi, ungayinakekela kanjani utamatisi wezinhlobo ezingekho, azikho izintambo. Izithelo zazo zivuthwe ngokuphelele ngamahlumela angavamile, kanti isitshalo esincane sizinzile futhi asidingi i-garter. Izindlela eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bezolimo kulezi zitshalo endle ziwukwelapha izifo, ukukhuphuka, ukuchelela, ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi.
Garter utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze uthole i-garter, i-twine kanye nendwangu yokwenziwa yenziwe imichilo, ummangali wamagilebhisi, kufanelekile. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa umugqa wokudoba noma ucingo omncane. Ukutshala izinhlobo ezinamatamatisi amade ensimini, hlela indlela yokunakekela izihlahla ngesikhathi esihle. Amaphegi afaneleka ezihlahleni eziphakathi, ukuphakama kwenkxaso enjalo kufanele kudlule ukuphakama kwesitshalo. Utamatisi omude udinga i-trellis noma i-stakes 2-2.5 m ubude. Emibhedeni engunaphakade yamatamatisi, abalimi abathile bemifino benza izakhiwo zensimbi nezokhuni ngesimo esinamandla noma isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunakekela Utamatisi Otholayo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvota impova kuyadingeka ekushiseni okushisa, emhlabathini ovulekile lo msebenzi uhlangabezane nezinambuzane nomoya, ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi udume ngokuzivolisa. Ungasiza ezihlahleni, ngokuthuthumela ngobumnene amahlumela ngezibhamu eziqhakaza ngezikhathi ezingu-3. Ngokuba utamatisi emhlabathini, kukhona izimfihlo zokunakekela ezilinganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezithelo. Ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo ezishafazayo ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ngesikhathi kwenziwa ama-brushes, i-"Buton", "i-Ovary", i-succinic acid, izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezilinganisiwe ezinamakhokhethi zizibonakalise kahle.
Izifo zamatamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Esinye sezingozi ezinkulu ezisongela utamatisi ekunakekeleni yizifo zomsuka wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Utamatisi abhekene nokulimala kwekwephuzile , ukubola, i-necrosis, i-alternaria, izinwele ezigobile, i-patchiness, i-cracking yezithelo, i-mosaic nezinye izinkinga. Shintsha umbala wamaqabunga, ama-shrinkage amahlumela, ukwakheka kwamabala - izibonakaliso zesifo sokuqala. Ekuvikeleni utamatisi, indima eyinhloko idlalwe yimithi yokuvimbela. Qaphela ngokucophelela izikhathi zokulinda emva kokuphalaza, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa utamatisi besebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulwa nezifo ze-fungal:
- Ngokushesha,
- Ridomil,
- I-Barrier,
- Isikrini,
- Phytosporin,
- I-Bordeaux ingxube,
- I-chloride ye-Copper,
- UHorus,
- Zineb.