Umuthi we-plum unikeza izithelo ezinomsoco ngokunambitheka okumnandi. Uma unikeza ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi yeplamu, kuyobe sekujabulisa iminyaka eminingi ukuvuna okucebile kwezithelo ezinamafutha asetshenziselwa kabanzi efomini elisha, efriziwe, ekheniwe ngendlela yamajusi, i-compotes, i-jelly, i-jam.
Imithetho yokutshala amapulazi
Iplamu elimnandi ngumuthi, ufike ubude obuyi-15 m., Uveza izithelo cishe iminyaka engu-15. Iningi lezimpande zesitshalo lilele ngokujula kwama-20-40 cm, ziyisisekelo. Iplamu enamandla ingaba endaweni ekhanyayo, kunoma imuphi umhlabathi, mhlawumbe ivulekile futhi ikhule. Isikhathi esihle sokuqothulwa kwayo sitholakala entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Lapho ukhetha indawo, kubalulekile ukuthi izitshalo azifihliwe izitshalo ezingomakhelwane. Ukuqothula okuthenjelwayo kwe-plum ukutshala nokunakekela kumele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo asifi noma ngeke senqabe ukuthela izithelo.
Imithetho yokutshala amapulazi entwasahlobo
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibanda, ukutshala kweplamu kuyenzeka entwasahlobo ngo-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivulwe. Kuthatha izimpande ekude okungenani amamitha amabili ukusuka emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Izimiso zokutshala iplamu:
- umgodi weplamu ulungiselelwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa;
- igebe phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngu-3-5 m., ibalwa njengebanga - eliphansi noma eliphakeme;
- umgodi wokufika weplamu udinga u-80 cm ubude no-70 cm ububanzi;
- i-dense bottom podpushivayut lomik enye 20 cm phansi;
- Kunezimbiza ezimbili ze-peat ne-humus zenezwe, izindebe ezimbili ze-nitrophos, 200 g we-lime-pushenki;
- Ngaphansi kwegodi, ama-eggshell aphonswa, enkabeni yindawo yokutshala;
- Ukutshala iplamu kunamathele enduku futhi ifafazwe nenhlabathi ecebile;
- indawo yokuguquka kusuka empande kuya esitsheni kufanele ibe ngu-5 cm ngaphezu kwezindiza zomhlaba;
- ezungeze isiqu se-plum sakha umgodi ojikelezayo futhi sithuthukisa ngokukhululekile;
- umbuthano oseduze nomuthi ugcwele i-sawdust.
I-plum yokutshala ekwindla
Uma le ndawo ibusika obumnene, kuvunyelwe ukutshala izihlahla ekwindla, lapho ulungiselele isakhiwo kusengaphambili. I-plum itshalwa ngoSepthemba, ngaphambi kweqhwa. Isayithi elikhethiwe kufanele liphakanyiswe kancane kangangokuba ebusika ungqimba lweqhwa alunamatheli emthini. Imithetho yokutshala iplamu ekwindla:
- Isithombo kufanele sibe nezimpande ezinhlanu ezinamandla kuze kube ngu-25 cm ubude;
- ukujula kwe-rooting ye-plum - okungenani ama-50 cm;
- umgodi ubamba amasonto amabili;
- inhlabathi evundile iyilungiswa ipowder ye-plum, ixubene no-50 g wewosawoti we-potassium, i-100 g ye-superphosphate, i-15 kg ye-humus ngomgodi ngamunye;
- Ukutshala kunamathele emgodleni otholwe ngaphambili, izimpande zawo ziqondisiwe;
- i-substrate ihlelwe kahle futhi ichithe ngamabhakede amabili amanzi, ehlanganiswe ne-sawdust;
- ngaphambi kokuba ipulazi lasebusika lidingeke libe yincithakalo eningi izikhathi ezingu-2-3;
- lapho ukondla ekwindla ngokucophelela kuqapha imvula, ukuze amanzi angahlali emhlabathini.
Ukudubula nokubunjwa kwama-plums
Ukwandisa ukwanda kwesihlahla, ekwindla, ehlobo, ukusika izihlahla zeplamu kwenziwa. Uyakuthanda amagatsha asetshiswe phansi, okubangela ukulimala kwawo, ukuqina komqhele, ukulahlekelwa ukuthi kungenzeka amahlumela amasha noma ukunciphisa isivuno. Izinqubo zokuhlobisa umqhele zenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqothula kwesihlahla futhi ziqhubeke kancane kancane empilweni yakhe.
Prune izihlahla emva kokutshala
Umuthi uyalulekwa ukuba uqale ukusika izihlahla, njengoba udala amahlumela amaningi. Ukunakekelwa kuncishiswe ukufanisa amagatsha amacembe ngezinso ezinamandla. Ukudubula kokuqala kweplamu lapho utshala entwasahlobo kubanjwe ngoMashi:
- I-trunk ihlanjululwa ukusuka emagatsheni ahlangothini ebangeni elingama-40 cm ukusuka emhlabathini;
- amahlumela asele anqunywa isigamu;
- umqhubi wesikhungo seplamu kumele ahlale eningi njengo-1.5 m.
Ngaphezu kwalokho ehlobo, engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi enye inqubo yokwehlisa iplamu isenziwa:
- unciphise wonke amahlumela asobelayo angama-20 cm, avela esiqwini;
- i-core plum conductor ayinqunywanga;
- izinqubo ezinhlangothini, eziqondiswe phansi, zimelelwa ku-15 cm.
Prune iplamu encane
Iminyaka elandelayo futhi iyathinta kakhulu ukuklanywa kwemikhakha yomuthi. Esikhathini esithile se-fruiting, ukutholakala okuncane kwamagatsha kwenziwa, okuqondiswe ekubunjweni komqhele obanzi obunjwayele njalo, ukulahla amahlumela angenakukhubazeka. Ukudubula iplamu encane entwasahlobo kanye nokuvuswa kwezinso kuhilela ukunciphisa umgqomo wesiqu ngamathathu amabili. Ukunakekela okunjalo ngeke kuvumele isitshalo ukuba sithole ngokushesha ukuphakama. Ehlobo ngoJulayi, ama-cuttings we-plum amagatsha angafika ku-20 cm ahlungwa.
Umqhubi wesikhungo unqunywe yi-third-thirds njalo ngonyaka kuze kube yilapho isithombo sithola isikhala esiphakeme. Umqhele kufanele ube nokuma kwipiramidi enesisekelo sokusabalalisa, ukunakekelwa iplamu ngokukhipha izihlahla kuhlinzeka ngokususwa okukhulu kwamahlumela angakhula. Njengoba uhlaka lushiya amagatsha ayisihlanu aqinile. Kufanele zikhule ngezikhombandlela ezahlukene nge-angle yokuthambekela kwama-degree angama-50. Ukufeza umsebenzi oyidingayo i-secateur noma i-hacksaw. Zonke izicucu ziboshwe engadini ukuze umuthi ungaguli.
Ukunciphisa iplamu engenalutho
Ukusebenza ngomuthi wokuqothula kwenziwa ukuze ukwandise isikhathi sokusebenza, ngaphandle kokushintsha usayizi nokunambitheka kwezithelo. Ngenxa yemikhosi eyengeziwe, imithetho yokusika izihlahla ze-spring ihlanganisa:
- ukususwa kwawo wonke amagatsha abumile, abagulayo, abaphukile, nalabo abaqondiswa ngaphakathi esihlokweni;
- i-skeleton ye-plum iyincipha, amahlumela ayabhaxabana;
- uma lesi sitshalo sikhula isikhathi eside, sinciphise ingxenye yesithathu.
Ukuvuselela izihlahla zomlimi
Ngokushesha nje lapho umuthi wensimu ubonisa izibonakaliso zokubola ukukhula (ukusika iplamu, izithelo zikhuphula kuphela ngo-10-15 cm ngonyaka), ukusika izihlahla kuyenziwa. Ngalokhu kususwe amagatsha omile, abagulayo, asebekhulile nabasakazayo, amahlumela amasha asithintekile. Izinkuni eziyinhloko zidutshulwe izinkuni ezintathu kuya kwine ubudala ubudala - amagatsha asetshenziselwa ukususwa emasendeni amadala. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi umuthi uthwale izithelo ngesikhathi esihloniphekile. Ukuvuselela izihlahla ze-plum endala ngabalimi abanolwazi kulungiselelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Yonke insimu isetshenziswa ingadi var.
Esikhundleni samagatsha akude, amahlumela amancane aphuma. Ukuze ungadluli ngaphezulu iplamu, lezi ziqine ezinamandla kakhulu zihlala, zonke ezinye zisusiwe phakathi kwehlobo. Ukuvuselela izihlahla kuphulwa iminyaka engu-3-4 futhi kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Uma wenza konke ngenkathi eyodwa, iplamu endala ayikwazi ukuma futhi ekugcineni ibone. Inqubo eyenziwe ngokufanele izosiza ukuthi athele izithelo iminyaka eminingana.
Ukunciphisa iplamu ehlanganisiwe
Izimila zingakhula ngendleko zezilwane ezincane ezimpandeni zabo, noma ngosizo lwama-graft abhalwe phansi. Ngakho abalimi bangafuna ukutshala iziqu, inhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba lesi sitshalo senze isimo somqhele esikhathini sokuqala. Imithetho yokwehlisa iplamu ehlanganisiwe kusuka empande (impande):
- Uma isithombo singenawo amagatsha, lapho uhlwanyela endaweni enomphela, ukusika kuncike ngaphezu kwezinso ekuphakameni kwama-60 cm emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuthi kubonakala amahlumela we-lateral, angafakwa ukuze enze isifuba;
- Uma umuthi unamagatsha, ngoba umlingisi ophansi ukhethe amahlumela amathathu anamandla, abekwa kuma-degree angu-50, futhi uwachele okwesithathu. Umqhubi wendawo uyanqunywa ukuze uhlale ngaphezu kwamagatsha ohlangothini ngo-25 cm.
- eminyakeni elandelayo, ukucubungula kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo ekunakekelweni kwamanye amapulazi;
- emithini ehlanganisiwe futhi ethuthukisiwe, amahlumela asempande asuswe ngokuqinile emkhathini womama, engashiyanga i-hemp. Ukuze wenze lokhu, funda inhlabathi, susa i-shoot endaweni lapho isuka khona esitokisini bese ugcwalisa indawo yokusika.
Indlela yokunakekela iplamu?
Okuqukethwe kwesihlahla esinjalo kunezici ezihlukanisa nezinye izitshalo engadini. I-Plum - ukunakekelwa okufanele nokulima:
- Ukunisela. Lesi isitshalo esinomswakama kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqapha ngokucophelela isimo sezulu bese upha amanzi iplamu kanye ngesonto phakathi nesomiso (amabhakede ama-5-6 omfanekiso omdala, 3-4 omncane). Isibonakaliso sokuntuleka komswakama - ukuphahlaza izithelo, ukugqama kwamanzi umqhele uphenduka ngokuphuza kwamaqabunga.
- Ukunakekelwa kwebusika kweplamu. Esikhathini esibandayo kunconywa ukunyathela phansi iqhwa elizungeze isiqu, ukulikhiphela emagatsheni.
- Ukunakekela umbuthano womgqomo. Kufanele kube ngaphansi kwezingu-2 m., Kufanele ikhululwe njalo futhi ukhula lususiwe. Amahlumela avela ezimpandeni awanciphisa lesi sitshalo - sidinga ukunqunywa izikhathi ezingu-4-5 ehlobo ngokuqondile esitokisini esikhulu.
- Usekela. Ngomkhiqizo ophezulu, umthwalo emagatsheni wezithelo ukhulu - ziqiniswa ngezikhonkwane, izigqoko ezithambile kuze kube seqophelweni lokuxhumana namagxolo.
Ukunakekela iplamu entwasahlobo - ukuphalaza
Izinambuzane zibhubhisa izitshalo, izindlela ezikhethekile zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nazo. Ukunakekelwa ngokufanelekile kwesihlahla ngokuhlunga:
- ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwefihlekile entwasahlobo, umqhele uvinjiswe ngokucophelela ngokulungiselela No. 30 (500 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Lokhu kuphophulwa kuqondiswa izilonda, izibungu, ama-aphid, amacimbi, ama-pathogens wezifo ze-fungal;
- ngesikhathi sezimbali ezimhlophe, enye yezinambuzane ( Alatar , Aktara, Fufanon-nova) iphathwa. Ngakho iplamu ivikelwe ezimpungeni zama-sawflies, izibungu, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezidla amahlamvu;
- Ehlobo 3-4 ama-sprays ayenziwa ngesikhathi semasonto amabili ngokumelene ne-plum moth. Amalungiselelo: Fufanon-nova, i-Fitoverm + i-Abiga-peak, i- Horus .
Ukunakekela ukugqoka okuphambili
Eminyakeni yokuqala 2-3 emva kokutshala izithombo, kunezakhi zomzimba emgodini. Ngokunakekelwa okulandelayo kweplamu udinga ukufaka umquba, othululela emhlabathini okhululwe ngaphambilini:
- Ekwindla: i-organic - i-infusion ye-mullein, i-slurry, ihlanjululwe ngamanzi izikhathi ezingu-3-5 noma izinyoni ze-droppings izikhathi ezingu-10;
- Hlala ekugubungeni kwentwasahlobo kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu okuhleliwe ngama-mineral compounds:
- Umanyolo wokuqala ukhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali ngo-Ephreli - 30 g Urea uchitheka ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ngaphansi kokudoba okulodwa ama-20 amalitha kagesi ayadliwa;
- ngoMeyi, emva kokuqhakaza - 40 g. nitrophosks no-30 g urea bahlanjululwa ngamabhakede amanzi. Ama-30 amalitha omanyolo athululelwa ngaphansi kombhede;
- ehlobo emva kokuvuna - 30 g. potassium sulfate + 40 g. superphosphate ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Omunye udoti udinga amalitha angama-20 omxube wezakhi.