Ukulimala kwe-meniscus kungumonakalo ovame kakhulu wokuguqa ngamadolo. Le nkinga ivame ukubhekana nabathameli kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza ngokuzikhandla. Ezimweni zokuqala zokuphulwa ekusebenziseni amadolo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela. Lokhu kuzosiza ngesikhathi sokuqala ukwelashwa nokugwema imiphumela.
Imisebenzi ye-knee meniscus ehlangene
Eqinisweni, iyisisindo somzimba. Isisekelo se-meniscus singama-70% ahlanganiswe nama-collagen fibers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe u-0.6% elastin kanti cishe amaprotheni akhethekile angu-13% akhona lapha. I-lining cartilaginous ngokwayo iqukethe izigaba ezinjalo:
- uphondo lwe-anterior;
- umzimba;
- uphondo lwangemuva.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-cartilage ixhunywe ku-capsule ehlangene nemigudu ye-tibial nesifazane, lokhu kunikeza ukuhamba nokuqina okukhulu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ze-meniscus:
- i-cartilage yangaphakathi noma yangaphakathi;
- Ngaphandle (kubizwe nangokuthi "i-meniscus lateral").
Izicubu ezinjalo ze-cartilaginous zibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-musculoskeletal. Imisebenzi yayo ilandelayo:
- yi-stabilizer kanye nomkhawulo wokuhamba kwamalungu amadolo;
- kunciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kwebesifazane kanye ne-tibia;
- idlala indima yokumangalisa.
Izinhlobo zomonakalo kumuntu we-meniscus we-knee joint
Konke ukulimala kungenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili: ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lokuphuka. Ukuthola isigaba somonakalo kuzosiza i-MRI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala ngamadolo, i-meniscus izinyembezi kungaba yile hlobo:
- okuzungezile;
- i-oblique;
- okuqondile;
- i-radial.
I-trauma ye-menalus lateral
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuqhuma ukulimala okuhlangene, kuhambisane nokuphikisana kwe-shin. Ukulimala okuqondile kwalesi sakhiwo sokuqapha kungavamile ukutholakala. Ukwengeza, i-meniscus ephathekayo yehlangothini elihlangene ingahle ikhubazeke ngaphansi kwesifo sesifo se-rheumatic. Kodwa-ke, ukulimala kokubunjwa kwe-cardiolaginous lateral kwenzeka kaningi izikhathi ezingu-7-10 kunomunye wangaphakathi.
Ukulimala kwe-knee medie joint menisus
Izimbangela zokulimala kulolu hlobo lwama-cartilaginous ziningi:
- ushintsho olubukhali esimweni somzimba;
- Ukuqhathanisa ngokweqile, okuyinto enomthwalo oqinile ohlelweni lwesishukela;
- ukuphenduka okungaphumeleli nokunye okunye.
I-meniscus yangaphakathi ijwayele ukuhlukunyezwa kwamadoda kunabesifazane. Endaweni yengozini enkulu ngabadlali:
- abadlali bebhola;
- abadlali be-tennis;
- abadlali bebhola basketball.
Ukulimala kwamadolo ahlanganiswa namadoda - izimpawu
Ukuphuka kokubunjwa kwe-cartilaginous kuqhubeka ngezigaba ezinzima nezihlala njalo. Ukulimala kwe-meniscus yamagciwane ampawu ezihlangene kungaba nalezi:
- ukuchofoza okwabangelwa ukususwa kwezicubu zomzimba;
- uma i-fragment ye-meniscus inamathele phakathi kokuhlangana okubili, lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjweni kwamadolo;
- ubuhlungu, ubukhulu bawo buhluka kuye ngesiteji sokulimala;
- i-edema yamadolo, ekhombisa ukuthi i-meniscus ne-ligament zaphulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa;
- lapho umphetho wangaphandle we-lesion cartilaginous uthinteka, i- hemarthrosis iyaqala.
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kunokulimala kwe-meniscus, ukuhlola okunjalo okusebenza kuyosiza:
- Symptom Baikov - idolo kufanele liboshwe emazwini angakwesokudla. Ngemuva kwe-palpation yendawo ehlangene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idolo lingenakulinganiswa. Uma kwakukhona ubuhlungu obukhulu - bubonisa ikhefu kwimenyu.
- Isimo se-Landau - isiguli kufanele sihlale nemilenze yaso sawela. Uma kukhona ubuhlungu obukhulu emadolweni - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi i-meniscus yalimala.
- Isibonakaliso McMurray - isiguli sidinga ukulala emhlane nasemadolweni. Emva kwalokhu, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwenziwa. Ukuqothula kanye nobuhlungu obunjalo kukhuluma ngokuphulwa.
- Isibalo Polyakova - udinga ukulala emhlane wakho uphakamise umlenze wakho onempilo up. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyadingeka, kuxhomeke emahlombe ehlombe kanye nesithende somlenze wesibili, kancane ukuphakamisa isiqu. Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okunjalo endaweni yokuqothulwa kwe-cartilaginous, kuyoba nobuhlungu obukhulu.
Amamaki okulimala kumadoda
Kunezinyathelo eziningana zokuphulwa. Kunezigaba ezintathu zezilonda, uma kunokulimala kwe-meniscus - izimpawu ziyi:
- isigaba sokuqala - ukubonakala kwephulwa elincane;
- Isiqu sesibili - ukugxila komonakalo kwanda;
- isigaba sesithathu - kukhona usizi.
Ukulimala emadodeni ehlangene - ukuphathwa
Ngosizo lwezivivinyo zokusebenza, i-traumatologist ekwazi ukuthola ulwazi ingakwazi ukuchaza kuphela ukuxilongwa. Ukubona uhlobo lwesilonda nokuqina kwalo, udokotela uzokutusa isiguli ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. I-X-ray elula ayilwazi kakhulu kulokhu, ngoba ayikhombisi ukwakheka komzimba. Ukulimala kokuphambana kwamadoda we-meniscus noma ezinye iziphazamiso kungasiza ngezindlela ezinjalo zokuxilonga:
- I-Ultrasound;
- I-MRI ;
- CT.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni etholakalayo, uchwepheshe we-trauma uzokhetha uhlelo olufanele lokunakekelwa. Ukwelashwa okungelapheki kuvame ukushiwo uma:
- idolo elihlangene alivinjelwe;
- umonakalo emndenini we-mediisc isingenalutho;
- akukho ukuchofoza uma ushayela;
- ukuqhuma okwenyukayo kwenzeka esikhungweni esigulayo.
Okuyinhloko yokwelashwa okulindelekile ukuqeda ukuvinjelwa kwamadolo. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuboniswa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Phakamisa okuqukethwe kwesikhwama sokujoyina.
- Yethula i-10 ml ye-1% ye-Procan solution noma i-20 ml yesisombululo se-1% se-Novocain.
- Isiguli kufanele sihlale esihlalweni esiphakeme ukuze i-angle phakathi kwe-shank nethanga iqonde.
- Emaminithi angu-15 emva kokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa, udokotela uqhubeka ngokuqondile ekusebenziseni ukuphathwa kabi.
Uma i-meniscus yangaphakathi iwonakele, ukuvinjelwa kuqedwa ngezinyathelo ezine:
- I-traumatologist yenza i-traction yonyawo. Le nqubo ingenziwa noma ngezandla noma ngosizo lwesikhumba esincane esihlanganisa umlenze.
- Udokotela uphazamisa u-shin ohlangothini oluphambene nalokho okuvela kumadoda aqondile. Ngesikhathi sokuphathwa okunjalo, isikhala esihlangene sanda. Ngenxa yalokho, i-meniscus ingaba ngisho nasesikhundleni sayo sokuqala.
- Udokotela wenza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-shin, ukuyijika ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi.
- Ukuhamba kwamahhala nokwandiswa kwamadolo okuhlangene kwenziwa.
Ngokuvamile ngemva kokuphathwa okunjalo ukuvinjelwa kuqedwe. Kulolu daba, udokotela usebenzisa isilonda se-gypsum, esukela eminwe kuya kwesithathu engaphezulu kwethanga. Gcina isiguli lokhu ukubopha amaviki angu-5-6. Uma, emva kokuphathwa kokuqala, awukwazi ukuqeda ukuvinjelwa, kufanele kuphindwe. Inombolo enkulu yalezo zinqubo izikhathi ezingu-3. Zonke kufanele ziqhutshwe ngudokotela ohlukumezekile.
Emva kwalokhu, udokotela unikeza isiguli ukwelashwa okulondolozayo. Uyazi ukuthi benzeni ngokulimala kwe-meniscus, ngakho-ke uzotusa izinqubo eziphumelelayo kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ukwelapha kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:
- sebenzisa i-therapy;
- ukwelashwa kwe-ultra-high-frequency;
- ukusikhipha;
- ukuthatha imithi.
Ama-hondoprotectors abonakele ngempumelelo. Lezi zidakamizwa zibuyisela izicubu zomzimba. Imithi enjalo ingabhala:
- Chondroitin;
- I-Glucosamine;
- Rumalon.
I-Bandage emadolweni ngengozi ye-meniscus
Le knee yezokwelapha yenziwe ngendwangu ehlanganisiwe. Unokuthungwa okubucayi, ngakho ungakwazi ukugqoka ibhande ngaphansi kwezingubo zakho. Njengoba idolo elihlangene lingenawo ama-seams, alishintshi. Ama-bandages ahlukaniswa ngokusho kwengcindezi eyenziwa emlenzeni:
- Amalungu angama-class of the 1st compression class asetshenziswa lapho kutholakala ukulimala kwamadolo amancane okuhlanganiswa kwamadoda. Ukucindezelwa okusetshenziselwa kubo yi-22 mm Hg. I-bandage enjalo ivimbela ukukhishwa kwe-meniscus.
- I-Knee pads 2 isigaba sokucindezeleka - esimisiwe esikhathini sokuthunyelwa kwesikhathi. Zishukumisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-lymph and circulatory, ukusheshisa inqubo yokutakula.
Ukulimala kwe-Meniscal - ukusebenza
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kunconywa ezimweni ezinjalo:
- kwaba khona umonakalo ohlangene futhi ukwephulwa okunjalo kuhambisana nokuphuma kwegazi;
- ukutholakala kwamadoda okuphelele kwafunyanwa;
- umzimba wokuqothulwa uqhekekile;
- kwakukhona ukuhlukaniswa kophondo;
- ukwelashwa okulindelekile akuzange kube nomphumela oyifunayo.
Iqeda ukulimala kwamadoda angaphakathi emadolweni ngosizo lobuchwepheshe obunjalo:
- i-arthroscopy - ekhishwe izakhi;
- ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali - okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokubunjwa kwamathambo;
- ukufakelwa kabusha - ukushintshwa kwezicubu ezibhujiswayo.
Ukulimala kwe-Meniscal - ukutakula
Ukuvuselelwa esikhathini esilandelayo kuboniswa ukwelapha umzimba kanye ne-physiotherapy. Ubude balo buxhomeke kulokho ukulimala kwe-meniscus nokuthi yikuphi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlinzwa obusetshenziselwa ukuqeda. Inhloso yalokhu kubuyiselwa:
- Susa izinkontileka ezenzeke ngemuva kokuba i-knee meniscus ibonakaliswe.
- Buyisela okuhlanganyelwe futhi uvuselele i-gait.
- Qinisekisa imisipha ezinzile emadolweni.
I-LFK enobungozi be-meniscus
Kukhona konke okuyinkimbinkimbi yokuvuselela umzimba. Kumelwe kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe onolwazi. Uyazi ukuthi yini egcwele ukuhlukunyezwa noma ikhefu kumadoda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyazi ukuthi imiphi imithwalo evunyelwe kulokhu noma leso sigaba sokuthola kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa i-thérapie ekuhlukumezeni kwamadoda ehlangene ngamadolo ngesikhathi se-postoperative kuboniswa ukuvivinya okujwayelekile, okuhloswe kuwo wonke amaqembu omzimba. Esikhathini esiseduze, ukuvivinya umzimba kumelelwa yizici ezilandelayo:
- ukuhamba ngephambene nalokho ku- treadmill (egijima esimweni esincane);
- ama-squats;
- ukuzivocavoca ebhokisini lokuzivocavoca;
- ukugxuma emlenzeni owodwa;
- umsebenzi kwibhayisikili yokumisa;
- "I-foot press" nokunye okunye.
Ukubuthwa kwamadolo emva kokulimala kwe-meniscus
Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuzimela kanye ne-postoperative period. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala kwamadolo okuhlanganiswa ngamadolo, ukuphathwa nge-massage kusiza ukufeza le miphumela:
- ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezicubu;
- ukubuyiswa kwethembo le-muscle;
- ukunciphisa ukuzwela ubuhlungu;
- ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ngezicubu.
Esigabeni sokuqala ukuxilonga kuboniswa ukugcoba nokugcoba kahle. Le nqubo ingapheli imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-3. Kamuva, ukuxhaphazwa okunamandla okuxhunyanisiwe kuxhumano, isibonelo, isisindo kanye nokwehliswa kabusha kwe-rectilinear. Izenzo ezinjalo zenziwa imizuzu engu-4-5. Gcwalisa ukusikhipha okuhambayo ngokuhamba okunye okusebenzayo nokunyakaza komlenze. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrostimulation ye-hip kungasetshenziswa.
Ukulimala kwamadolo axhumene namadoda - imiphumela
Uma ubona inkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bese uqala ukuyilungisa ngesikhathi, ungagwema izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuhlukumezeka okudala kwamadoda ehlangene ngamadolo kuwukulimala okukhohlisayo. Kungabangela imiphumela enjalo:
- Ukuvuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwe- arthrosis .
- Ukudala ukungazenzeki kwamagxathu okuhlangene. Noma nini ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ukuvinjelwa kungase kwenzeke.
- Ukuholela ekuqhekekeni kwemigqa ngisho nokuphulwa kwamathambo.
Uma ukulimala kwe-meniscus kuthathwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwedokotela ngesikhathi, isiguli sizophumula ngesikhathi esifushane. Yebo, futhi ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kwenzeka njalo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke iziguli ezingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane, ithuba lokuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi landa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kule minyaka yobuchwepheshe i-ligamentous apparatus buthakathaka. I-traumatologist enokuhlangenwe nakho izokusiza ukubhekana nale nkinga.