Isivivinyo sokudala. Inguqulo egcwele ye-E. Torrens yindlela yokunciphisa 12, ihlukaniswe ngamabhethri amathathu. Okokuqala kuhloswe ukuxilongwa kokucabanga kokubhala ngomlomo, okwesibili kungokucabanga okungekho amazwi (ukucabanga okubukwayo okubukwayo) kanti okwesithathu ukucabanga okubhaliwe okuzwakalayo nokuzwakalayo. Ingxenye engekho emlomo yalesi sivivinyo, eyaziwa ngokuthi "amafomu we-Figural wokucabanga okubalulekile kwe-Torrens" (amafomu we-Figural), yashintshwa ku-Institute of General and Pedagogical Psychology ye-APN ngo-1990 ngesampula sezingane zesikole.
I-version ehlongozwayo yokuhlolwa kwe-Torrens iqoqo lezithombe ngeqoqo lezinto (imigqa), okusetshenziswa yiziphi izifundo ukudweba isithombe ngesithombe esithile esinengqondo. Kule nguqulo yokuhlolwa, izithombe ezingu-6 zisetshenzisiwe, zikhethwe kusuka ku-10 zangempela. Ngokusho kuka-A.N. I-Voronin, lezi zithombe aziphindaphindi izakhi zangempela zomunye futhi zinikeze imiphumela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu.
Amathuba okuthola ukuhlukahluka okufana nalokho okusebenzayo avumela ukulinganisa lezo zinkomba ezimbili zobuciko njenge:
- ukuqala;
- okuhlukile.
Izinkomba zokuthi "ukuchichima" kokusebenza, "ukuguquguquka", "ukubunzima" kwesithombe, etholakala ngokugcwele "Ukugcwaliswa kwezithombe" I-Torrance, kulokhu kuguqulwa akusetshenziswanga.
Lapho kusetshenziselwa le ndlela, izinkambiso kanye ne-atlas yemidwebo evamile yesampula yabaphathi abasha zahlanganiswa, okuvumela ukulinganisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa kokudala kuloluhlelo lwabantu.
Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kokubili izinguqulo zomuntu ngamunye kanye neqembu.
Izici zenqubo yokuhlola
Uma uqhuba ukuhlolwa, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ubuciko bubonakala ngokugcwele kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle. Izimo ezingasebenzi ezingavumelekile, izimo ezinzima zokuqhuba, isimo esingenasiphelo sokuhlolwa kweziphumo eziphansi kakhulu. Lesi sidingo sivame ukuhlola noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudala, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlola ubuciko, bazama njalo ukudala imvelo enhle, ukunciphisa isisusa sokufinyelela nokuqondisa abahloli ekuboniseni kwamakhono abo afihlekile. Kungcono ukugwema ingxoxo evulekile yokuqondiswa kokuqukethwe kwendlela, okungukuthi awudingi ukubika ukuthi amakhono okudala ahlolwe (ikakhulukazi ukucabanga kokudala). Isivivinyo singathathwa njengesindlela "sokuqala", ithuba lokuziveza ebhizinisini elingajwayelekile, njll. Isikhathi sokuhlola asikhawulelwanga ngangokunokwenzeka, sinikezela isithombe esithombeni ngasinye imizuzu engu-1-2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukuvivinywa, uma becabanga ngakho isikhathi eside noma isikhathi eside.
Imiyalo
"Ngaphambi kwakho kukhona okungenalutho ngezithombe ezingu-6 ezingafanelwe. Udinga ukuqedela. Ungakwazi ukuqeda noma yini nanoma yini. Ngemuva kokudweba kuqedile, udinga ukuwunika igama bese ulibhalisa emgqeni ngezansi. "
Izinto zokuvuselela
Ukuhumusha
Esivivinyweni sokuqala se-Torrance, izinkomba eziningana zobuciko zisetshenzisiwe. Okubaluleke kunabo bonke ukuqala, ukungafani kwesithombe esakhiwe yizithombe zezinye izihloko. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuqala kokuqala kuqondwa njengokungabonakali kwezibalo zempendulo. Kumele kukhunjulwe, Nokho, ukuthi ayikho imifanekiso emibili efana nayo, futhi, ngokufanele, umuntu kufanele akhulume ngokungafani kwezibalo (noma isigaba) samanani. Esigabeni sokuchazwa, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibalo namagama abo ajwayelekile, okuhlongozwa ngumlobi wokuvumelanisa, kukhonjiswa, okubonisa ukuthi kubalulekile isici sesithombe. Kubalulekile ukuthi igama elivamile lemidwebo, njengombuso, alihambisani namagama wemidwebo enikezwe yizihloko ngokwayo. Kulokhu, ku-A.N. I-Voronina, umehluko phakathi kokusungula amagama nokukhuluma okungenayo amazwi kubonakala ngokucacile. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ubuciko bokungabikho amazwi, amagama ezithombe ezinikezwe yizihloko ngokwazo kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okulandelayo akhishwe futhi asetshenziselwa kuphela ukusiza ukuqonda okushiwo isithombe.
Isibonakaliso "sokuqala" kwalesi sibalo silinganiselwa kusuka kumininingwane yayo yedatha futhi sibalwa ngendlela elandelayo:
lapho i-Or - imvelaphi yale hlobo lodweba; x - inombolo yezithombe zohlobo oluhlukile; I-Xmax yinani eliphakeme lamaphetheni ngohlobo phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemidwebo yesampula esinikeziwe yezihloko.
Inkomba yokuqala yiTorrance ibalwa njengendlela yokuqala yokuqala kuzo zonke izithombe. Uma ukuvela kwalesi sibalo kwakungu-1.00, khona-ke lesi sithombe saziwa njengehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkomba eyingqayizivele ibalwa, ichazwa njengenombolo yezithombe zendaba ethile.
Ngokuhambisana nesibonakaliso "sokuqala" ekuvivinyweni okugcwele kwe-Torrance, "ukushelela" kokusebenza kusetshenziswa, kuchazwa njengenombolo yemidwebo ngaphandle kokuphindaphindiwe (ngaphandle kokuhluka okuphawulekayo) futhi akudingeki. Ngokungafani lutho sisho imidwebo engabandakanyi imigqa yezinto ezikhuthazayo noma engeyona ingxenye yesithombe. Lapho uvumelanisa indlela, lo mbonakaliso awuzange ujule kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwemidwebo engabalulekile, njengomthetho, kwakukhona inqubo yokuguqulwa kusuka emidwebo engewona yangempela eya engokwemvelo nokuyingqayizivele, okungukuthi, kwakukhona ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuguqula izixazululo zokudala. Ngokuvamile kakhulu (amacala angu-1-2) kwakungekho ukungaqondi kahle imiyalelo. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, inqubo evamile yokubala amaphuzu wokuhlola ayisebenzi futhi ukuhlolwa kabusha kuyadingeka ukuze kunqume izinga lokudala.
Inkomba enjengokuthi "ukuguquguquka" isebenza kahle ngokwanele kwi-subtest "Parallel Lines", lapho udinga ukudweba imigqa eyishumi nambili yemigqa ehambisanayo nesithombe esinenjongo. "Ukuguquguquka" kulokhu kubonisa ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe zombili imigqa kanye nokukhululeka kokuguquka kusuka kohlobo olulodwa lwesithombe kuya kwesinye. Endabeni yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezivuselelayo ezihlongozwayo zokudweba, isibonakaliso esinjalo asiqondi kahle, futhi uma kuchazwa ngokuthi "inombolo yezigaba ezahlukene zezithombe", akukwazi neze ukuhlukaniswa kusukela ekuqaleni. Isibonakaliso sokuthi "ukubunzima" kwesithombe, okuqondwa ngokuthi "ukuhlelwa komdwebo wokudweba, inani lezengezo esithombeni esikhulu, njll," kubonisa okunye okubonakalayo "okubukwayo" ngale ndaba kanye nezici ezithile zobuntu (isb., Ukuhlukumeza, ukubonakaliswa) kunokubaluleka kokusungula. Kule nguqulo yokuhlolwa, "ukushelela" kokusebenza, "ukuguquguquka", "ukubunzima" kwesithombe akusetshenzisiwe.
Ukuchazwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa yalolu vavanyo kuxhomeke kakhulu kulokho okushiwo isampula, ngakho-ke, iziphetho ezanele nezokuthenjelwa ngomuntu zingatholakala kuphela kulolu hlobo lwesampula noma olufana nalo. Kulokhu, izinkambiso kanye nama-atlas emidwebo ejwayelekile yesampula yabaphathi abasha kuhanjiswa, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuba ulinganise kahle ukuklama okungakhulumi kwabantu balokhu noma okufanayo. Uma isampula ihluke kakhulu kulowo ohlongozwayo, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlaziye imiphumela yesikampula sonke esisha bese kuphela ukunikeza iziphetho mayelana nabantu ngabanye.
Ukuhlola imiphumela yokuhlola abantu ehlobene nabaphathi abaningi noma abafana nawo, i-algorithm elandelayo ihlongozwayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa okuphelile nalabo abatholakala e-atlas futhi ekutholeni uhlobo olufanayo, banikeze ukuqala okuboniswe ku-atlas kulolu nani. Uma ku-atlas akukho uhlobo olunjalo lwemidwebo, khona-ke ukuqala kwalesi sithombe esiphelile kungu-1.00. Inkomba yokuqala ibalwa njengesilinganiso samanani sezinto ezivela kuzo zonke izithombe.
Vumela isithombe sokuqala sibe sesifane nesithombe se-atlas 1.5. Ukuqala kwayo kungu-0.74. Isithombe sesibili sifana nesithombe 2.1. Ukuqala kwayo ngu-0.00. Umdwebo wesithathu awufani nanoma yini, kodwa izakhi zangaphambili ezihlongozwayo zokudweba azifakiwe emdwebeni. Lesi simo sichazwa njengokushiya emsebenzini futhi ukuqala kwalesi sibalo kulinganiselwa ku-0.00. Inani lesine lishoda. Inani lesihlanu libhekwa njengeliyingqayizivele (akukho lutho e-atlas alifani). Ukuqala - 1,00. Umdwebo wesithupha wawufana nesithombe se-6.3 kanye nokuqala kwe-0.67. Ngakho, amaphuzu aphelele ale protocol yi-2.41 / 5 = 0.48.
Uma uhlola ukuqala kwalesi sithombe, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi imidwebo ngezinye izikhathi "ejwayelekile" ivela ekuphenduleni izintshisekelo ezivela kuzo. Ngakho, esithombeni 1, umdwebo ovelele kakhulu ubizwa ngegama elithi "ifu". Uhlobo olufanayo lwesithombe lungabonakala ekuphenduleni izinto ezikhuthazayo zesithombe sesi-2 noma se-3. Ku-atlas lezi zimo zokuphindaphinda azinikezwa futhi ukuvela kwalezo zibalo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokusho kwezithombe ezitholakalayo kwezinye izithombe. Esimweni sethu, ukuqala kwephethini "yefu", okuvela esithombeni sesibili, kulinganiselwa ku-0.00 amaphuzu.
Inkomba yezinto eziyingqayizivele (isibalo sezithombe eziyingqayizivele) yalolu hlelo lokusebenza 1. Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso se-percentile esakhiwe kulezi zikhombisi ezimbili, kungenzeka ukucacisa indawo yalowo muntu ngokuphathelene nesampula ehlongozwayo bese udweba iziphetho mayelana nezinga lokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwakhe okungekho amazwi.
Imiphumela ye-protocol engenhla ibonisa ukuthi lo muntu usemngceleni wama-80%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubantu abangaba ngu-80% kulesi sampuli, ukudala okungezona amazwi (ngokusho kohlobo lokuqala) kwakuphakeme kunelokho. Noma kunjalo, inkomba yezinto eziyingqayizivele iphezulu futhi kuphela 20% inezinkomba eziphezulu. Ukuze kuhlolwe ubuciko njengalokho, inkomba ehlukile kakhulu ibaluleke kakhulu, kubonisa indlela umuntu omusha angadala ngayo, kodwa amandla ahlukanisayo wezinkomba ezihlongozwayo amancane ngakho-ke inkomba yokuqala iyasetshenziswa njengenkomba engumsizi.
Isilinganiso se-Percentile
- Amaphesenti abantu ababa nemiphumela engaphezu kwezinga elibekiwe
- inani lenani lokuqala
- inani eliyingqayizivele lenkomba
| 1 | 0% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 100% |
| 2 | 0.95 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.00 |
| 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |