Imisebenzi yokusebenza kwengqondo noma inkolelo yomsebenzi yisikole esasanda kusungulwa kwengqondo (1920-1930). Kuyindlela entsha ngokuphelele ekutadisheni kwengqondo yomuntu . Isekelwe kwisigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "Umsebenzi Wokufunda".
Okuyinhloko yendlela yokusebenza enengqondo
Ama-theorists omsebenzi wokubheka umsebenzi abheka umsebenzi njengenye yezinto ezikhona zokuphila kwabantu, okuqala, okuhloswe ekuguqulweni kokudala, ukuqondisisa kweqiniso elizungezile. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zici ezilandelayo zitholakala kulo msebenzi:
- Kusukela ekuzalweni, umuntu akanayo umsebenzi, uqhubeka kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhulelwa kwakhe , kanye nokuqeqeshwa.
- Ukwenza noma yikuphi umsebenzi womuntu okwazi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwemingcele eyanciphisa ukuqonda kwakhe, yakha kokubili izindinganiso ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama, okusho ukuthi, ngokufanayo, zenza intuthuko yomlando kanye nenqubekela phambili.
- Umsebenzi ukwanelisa kokubili izidingo zemvelo, namasiko, ukoma ulwazi, njll.
- Unomlingiswa okhiqizayo. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenziseni, lo muntu udala zonke izindlela ezintsha nezisha, ukusiza ukwanelisa izidingo zakhe.
Ngombono womsebenzi, kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi ukuqonda kuhlobene ngokungahambisani nemisebenzi yabantu. Yilokho okugcina okwenza okokuqala, kodwa hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngakho-ke, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uM. Basov sasikisela ngokuqondile ukuziphatha, ukuqonda okufakwe kwisakhiwo sawo. Ngokombono wakhe, umsebenzi uyisethi yezinqubo, izenzo ezihlukene ezingahlanganiswa ngokungahambisani nomsebenzi. Inkinga enkulu yale ndlela Basov yabona kokubili ukwakheka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi.
Izimiso zendlela yokusebenza ngokusebenza kwengqondo
U-Rubinshtein, oyedwa wabasunguli besikole saseSoviet sokusebenza, ukuthembela emfundisweni yamafilosofi kaMarx noWygotsky, wakha isimiso esiyinhloko salesi sihloko. Lithi kuphela kulo msebenzi, kokubili ukuqaphela komuntu nesifo sakhe sengqondo kuzalwa futhi kubonakala futhi kubonakala kulo msebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho mqondo ekuhlaziyeni, ucabangela ingqondo yokuzihlukanisa. I-Rubinshtein ibhekwa njengeyiphutha emfundisweni yabantu abaziphatha kahle (abaye bafunda lo msebenzi) ukuthi bafaka phambili indlela ehlelwe ngayo.
Umsebenzi wokusebenza ku-psychology yobuntu
Abasekeli balo mbono bathi ubuntu bomuntu ngamunye buboniswa emisebenzini yomgomo, okungukuthi, esimweni sakhe sengqondo emhlabeni. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, umuntu uthatha ingxenye emisebenzini ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yobuhlobo bezenhlalakahle lapho buxhunywe khona ngezimo zokuphila. Ezinye zazo ziba yimpumelelo empilweni yakhe. Lena yinhloko yomuntu wonke umuntu.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kuka-A. Leontiev, ekuziphatheni kwengqondo, endleleni yokusebenza komuntu, isakhiwo somuntu yilo:
- ubudlelwane bomuntu nezwe, ezidalwe ukuhlanganiswa kwezisusa kanye nemisebenzi yangaphakathi;
- uxhumano oluhlukahlukene olutholakala ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yemisebenzi.
Indlela yokusebenza ohlelweni ku-psychology
Yisisekelo sezindinganiso, yonke imininingwane yocwaningo lwesayensi jikelele, izimiso. Isisekelo salo siwukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwezimfanelo zomuntu zesistimu kufanele kwenziwe, ngokusekelwe kulezo zimo, uhlaka lwesistimu okuyiyo ngesikhathi sokutadisha. Le ndlela ihlolisisa ukuthi yilowo nalowo yiyiphi ingxenye yezinhlelo ezintathu ezihlukene:
- izinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo;
- uhlelo lomphakathi;
- ohlelweni lomlando.