Ukufakelwa kwe-bone marrow kuyindlela entsha yezokwelapha, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukufezeka ekuphulukisweni kwezempilo okubhekwa njengokungaphili, okubulalayo. Namuhla, ukufakelwa kwesilwane kusindisa noma, okungenani, kwandisa izinkulungwane zempilo ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo okuthambo kuboniswa i-lymphoma nezinye izifo zegazi ezibulalayo, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezimbi ze-anemia, ngezifo ezingokwemvelo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezinciphise kakhulu emzimbeni wamagciwane omzimba, ematokeni omzimba, njll. Sizofunda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukuguqulwa komnkantsha wamathambo kuqhubeka kanjani, ukuthi yini engayilindela kule nqubo kumguli nomhlinzeki.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuguqulwa kwamathambo?
Inqubo yokuqala ye-transplantation yamathambo esiphundu enomphumela omuhle wenziwa ngo-1968 e-USA. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izindlela zokufakelwa kabusha ziye zaphuthukiswa, okwenza kube lula ukwandisa ububanzi beziguli okungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo kungenzeka, ukunciphisa ingozi yemiphumela engafuneki.
Umnkantsha wamathambo uyilungu "elimanzi" elenza imisebenzi ye-hematopoietic, futhi liqukethe inani elikhulu lamaseli ase-stem angakwazi ukuvuselela. Kungenxa yokwethulwa kwamaseli e-stem enempilo emzimbeni wesiguli ukuthi kungenzeka ukubuyisela umnkantso wesithambo ongasebenzi. Inqubo yokufakelwa kabusha isifana nokunciphisa umzimba futhi ithatha cishe ihora. Isikhathi eside futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi yinkathi yokulungiselela kanye nesigaba sokulandela ngemuva kokufaka isitho sokufakelwa.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola umnikezi ophethe umongo omningi kakhulu wezakhi zofuzo, ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezikhethekile zegazi ezenziwa. Njengomthetho, izihlobo eziseduze zesiguli (umfowethu, udadewabo) noma abantu abangahlobene nabo abanolwazi olufanele kakhulu abhalisiwe kubhalisi bamazwe omhlaba abaxhasi bamathambo benza njengabaxhasi. Ngezinye izikhathi umnikeli uyiguli ngokwakhe ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwesifo.
Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokufakelwa, isiguli sibhekana nezivivinyo eziningi ukuhlola isimo sakhe somzimba, okumele sihambisane nemingcele ethile evumela ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amangqamuzana omzimba wamathambo asetshenziswe ngamakhemikhali kanye ne- radiotherapy .
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kwalokhu, i-catheter ekhethekile efakwe emgodini omkhulu entanyeni, okuzokwaziswa ngayo umnikelo wokunikela emzimbeni, kanye nemithi. Inqubo yokufakelwa ingenziwa ekamelweni lokusebenza, kodwa esigceme esivamile. Ama-stem cells angene egazini legulane afaka amathambo, lapho aqala khona ukuhlala futhi abelane.
Khona-ke kufika isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - ukuvumelanisa nokulindela, okungathatha amasonto angu-2-4. Konke lokhu isiguli sidinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ingozi yokwenqaba umnkantsha we-transplanted, kanye nama-antibiotics ukuvimbela i-pathologies ezithathelwanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugonyelwa igazi kwenziwa, kanye nesiguli
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba umthambo we-bone umfakelwe?
Umnkantsha wamathambo ususwe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile . Lezi zinto, ezixubene negazi, zihoxiswa ngama-punctures emathanjeni ase-pelvic and femur. Inani lenhlanganisela enjalo lingaba kusuka ku-950 kuya ku-2000 ml. Ngemuva kwenqubo yesampula somnyosa, ubuhlungu buhlala endaweni yokuphumula isikhathi esithile, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa ngemuva kokuthinta noma ukuwa. Ubuhlungu buyasuswa kalula ngokuthatha i-anesthetics, futhi umthamo womnto we-donor ubuyiselwe kumanani avamile kungakapheli inyanga.