Uchoko noma uchoko kungenye yezifo ezindala kunazo zonke ezishiwo emibhalweni yasendulo. Ukuphakama kwezehlakalo zomhlaba kwehla eminyakeni eyi-XII - XIV. Futhi ngalezo zinsuku iziguli ezinochoko zanqatshelwa unomphela ilungelo lokuphila okuvamile emphakathini. Cabanga ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokugula, yiziphi izimbangela nezimpawu zochoko, nokuthi uphathwa kanjani.
Ukusakaza, imizila yokudlulisela kanye ne-causative agent yechoko
Kuze kube manje, lesi sifo kubhekwa njengokungavamile, futhi sisakazeke, ikakhulukazi emazweni ashisayo. Ezinye izindawo zaseBrazil, eNdiya, eNepal nase-Afrika azihambisani nalokhu. I-prose iyakwazi ukuthinta abantu abanezimo ezimbi zokuphila, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwezifo ezivikela amandla omzimba .
Lesi sifo sibangelwa ama-bacterium enjengezintambo ezivela emndenini we-mycobacteria, okuthiwa i-Hansen chopsticks (bacilli) - egama likadokotela owawathola. Lezi zinambuzane zinempahla efana namabhaktheriya e-tuberculosis, kodwa ayikwazi ukukhiqiza emithonjeni yemidiya. Ngenxa yalokho, i-bacilli yechoko ayibonisi isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokugxila singaba iminyaka engu-3-5 noma ngaphezulu. Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngokukhipha emlonyeni nasemakhaleni, oxhumana nabo abasondelene nabavame ukuzwa ukwelashwa.
Izimpawu zochoko
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zochoko ezinezibonakaliso ezahlukene. Ake sicabangele ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.
Uchoko lwe-tuberculoid
Kulesi simo, lesi sifo sithinta, ngokuyinhloko, isimiso sezinzwa zomzimba. Izibonakaliso zaso zimi kanje:
- ukubonakala esikhunjeni sebala eliphambene ne-flat hypopigmented indawo enezinkulumo ezicacile ezikhulayo kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni imiphetho yawo ikhuphuka; esifundeni esiphezulu se-atrophies ne-sink indawo, ngaphakathi kokugxilwa kwe-lesion, azikho izinwele zezinwele nezikhukhumezi ze-sweat;
- ukuqina kwezinzwa ezilahla izilonda (izinzwa zisondelene eduze nendawo);
- i-muscle atrophy, ehlobene nokunqotshwa kwemizwa (ikakhulukazi imisipha yezandla);
- ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba ezinhlangothini zezandla nezinyawo;
- ukutholakala kokutheleleka kwezandla nezinyawo, okuholela ekwakheni izilonda ze-neurotrophic;
- ukucabangela nokulahla kwe-phalanges;
- ukungenakwenzeka kokuvalwa okuphelele kwamajwabu amehlo, okuholela ekubukeni kwe-keratitis, izilonda ze-corneal (uma kwenzeka i-lesion ye-facial nerve).
Unochoko ophefumulayo
Leli fomu lesi sifo linenkambo enzima kakhulu futhi ibonakala ngokubonakaliswa okunjalo:
- ukubonakala kokungqubuzana kwamanzi, ukuphuma kwe-nosebleeds , ukuphefumula okunzima;
- ukunqotshwa kwezinambuzane ezimangqamuzana ze-larynx, i-hoarseness;
- ukukhula kwe-lymph nodes engamanzi kanye ne-axillary;
- ukuvela kwezilonda ezinzulu zesikhumba ngendlela yamabala, ama-node noma amapulethi ahlukanise ama-margins kanye nendawo ehlangene, ekhonjisiwe (ngokuvamile izilonda zenzeka ebusweni, ezindlebeni, emaceleni, emadolweni nasemadolweni);
- ukulahlekelwa amashiya;
- ukuhlanekezela kwezici zobuso nokuhlukumeza ukunyakaza okubonakalayo okubonakalayo ngenxa yokuqina okukhulu kwesikhumba (ukwakheka kwalokho okuthiwa "ubuso bezingonyama");
- ukwanda kwe-ear lobes;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi okuhambisana nayo
i-perforation ye-nasal septum ne-cartilage deformation; - ukuvela keratitis, iridocyclitis ekungeneni kwe-bacenus kaHansen emehlweni;
- ukwehla kobuzwe bezingxenye zomzimba zomzimba.
Ukwelashwa kochoko
Lesi sifo sidinga ukwelashwa kwesikhashana (iminyaka engu-2-3 noma ngaphezulu) ngokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe abahlukene (isazi sezinzwa, i-orthopedist, i-ophthalmologist, njll). Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusekelwe ekudleni kwezidakamizwa ze-sulfonic kanye nama-antibiotic. Iziguli esikhathini sokuphathwa kweziguli zisezikhungo ezikhethekile - i-leprosariums.