Ukugonywa kwepeyri entwasahlobo yabaqalayo - zonke izimfihlo zenqubo

Ukusebenza okuthakazelisayo okunjengoba ipeyari entwasahlobo yabaqalayo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha bonke abanikazi bezivande ezizimele. Njengoba uye wazi kahle le nqubo, uzokwazi ukuvuselela izihlahla ngesikhathi esifushane, ukwandisa isivuno sakho, uzokwazi ukudala ama-hybrids amahle kakhulu kubantu obaziyo.

Inoculation of pear entwasahlobo

Ngokuvamile, ekukhathazeni umlimi, izihlahla ezihlukahlukene zezithelo zezithelo azikwazi ukukhula ngokushesha esakhiweni sayo. Ngezinye izikhathi abathengisi abangenangqondo bavumela ukuhlunga kabusha, ngokukhipha ngamabomu amasimu noma izithombo ezimakethe ngezithelo ezingenasithelo. Kwezinye izimo, izinhlobonhlobo ezidingekayo ziyashintsha noma zikhula kahle emthonjeni. Ukugonywa kwentwasahlobo yepeysi kusiza ukuqeda izinkinga ezitholakalayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umnini wensimu kufanele afunde okokuqala ubuchwepheshe balo msebenzi, thola ukwaziswa kokuhlanganiswa kwezihlukahlukene ezidingekayo kanye nesitoko semfanelo.

Yiziphi izinhloso zokugoma kwepeyari entwasahlobo kwabalimi abaqalayo:

1. Indlela esheshayo yokuvuselela izihlahla.
2. Ithuba elihle labaqalayo lokuthuthukisa isivuno segadi.
3. Thuthukisa ukumelana kwamaqhwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni.
4. Qinisekisa ukumelana nokushisa nesomiso.
5. Umlimi wensimu uzokwazi ukunikeza isitshalo isimo esifisa.
6. Siza ukuvimbela amandla okukhula.
7. Ukusabalalisa ngokushesha entwasahlobo okuhlukahlukene okuthandayo, ngaphandle kokutshala izithombo ezintsha.
8. Lena ithuba elihle labaqalayo ukukhiqiza umuthi wokugonywa kwamapheya ngezici ezingenakuqhathaniswa.
9. Thola izithelo ezimbalwa zezithelo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isikhathi sokugoma okuphakathi kwekhanda entwasahlobo

Abalimi abanolwazi baye bafunda ukukhiqiza lesi senzakalo, kokubili ngesikhathi sokufudumala, nasehlobo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsuku zentsuku zentsuku yokugoma, uma izinga lokusinda liphakeme kakhulu. Kunzima ukukhombisa ngokunembile usuku lwezindawo ezihlukene, kuncike ngesimo sezulu kanye nezimo ezicacile zesimo sezulu sendawo. Kunconywa ukuba ungaqali umsebenzi kuze kube yingozi yokusuka kwamaqhwa, amahlumela ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile abulawa ngamakhaza. Isikhathi esiphezulu sabalimi bokuqala siqala ngokuqala kokugeleza kosawoti, kodwa ngaphambi kokuhluma kukhula noma ukuqala kwezimbali kuqala.

Ngimaphi izinhlobo zokusika okumelwe ngithathe ukuze ngigome amapheya?

Abaqashi bezincingo kudingeka bafunde ukuthi badinga ukuvuna izinto ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi komcimbi ohlongozwayo ekwindla konyaka odlule. Ingxenye encane yesigcawu ixhomeke ku-inoculation efanele yepeyari. Uma uhlanga lukhethwa futhi lugcinwe ngokungalungile, sonke isizini sizohamba. Kunezimfihlo eziningana, indlela yokukhetha, ukugcina nokulungisa kahle amahlumela wokugoma:

1. Sinquma ama-cuttings nge-pearly fruiting and yielding pears.
2. Sisebenzisa i-inoculation entwasahlobo kuphela amahlumela wonyaka.
3. Abaqalayo kumele badalule indaba engxenyeni engaphandle nebalahle yomqhele.
4. Ufanelwe kahle ku-scion we-middle tier.
5. Izimpawu ezicacile ze-billet - ubude obufinyelela ku-40 cm, ubukhulu obuyi-7 mm, ukudubula ngezinso eziveziwe ngenani lezingcezu ezingu-5 nezinqolobane ezincane.
6. Ukugcinwa kangcono kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa izimpande zentsuku zentsuku (nge-2 cm) izinkuni ezineminyaka emibili ubudala.
7. Abaqalayo baxwayiswa ukuthi banqume ukwaziswa kokuhlanganiswa ngegama
8. Kungcono ukwenza okungenalutho ekwindla ezinqabeni ezinzima, kodwa emva kokuhlambalaza okuphakathi kwe-pear-hibernating.
9. Indawo ye-scion - eqhweni, ezingxenyeni ezingaxhunyiwe, ku-sawdust, emhlabathini onomanzi.

Izindlela zokuhlanganisa ama-pear

Izinhlobonhlobo ezisemqoka zentwasahlobo yokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zegadi zihlanganisa kanye ne-inoculation ngesibambo. Ukukhiqizwa kweso kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ehlobo - kusukela phakathi kukaJulayi. Inoculation of the cuttings we eliphakathi kwe nge cuttings entwasahlobo kulula ukwenza futhi, ngokugcina imithetho jikelele, inikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Indlela enhle yokukhiqiza lo msebenzi ikhethiwe kuye ngokuthi ububanzi besitoko kanye nomsebenzi okhona.

Izindlela zokuhlanganiswa kwamapheya entwasahlobo yabaqalayo:

1. Ukuguqulwa. Sakhetha ama-shanks we-thickness efanayo nesitokisi. Ukusika kwenziwa emafini womabili ngokulinganayo e-angle efanayo ye-30 °. Beka ukuhlanganiswa okunamathele kufakwe ifilimu.
2. Emceleni. Indlela enhle yabaqalayoqalayo yokuvuselela ikhasi eliphakathi konyaka. Esigodini sesisindo esifanele, izicucu eziningana zingafakwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ubude obuhle be-hemp bufinyelela ku-30 ​​cm, ubude be-cleft buyi-5 cm.
3. Isihlungi esinqunyiwe. Umehluko ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa entwasahlobo kuvela emkhawulweni owodwa we-hemp ngaphansi kokusika okulodwa.
4. Ukuze uthole amagxolo. Emagxolo esitokisini, ukufakwa okukodwa kufakwe ku-5 cm ubude, lapho ukuhlanganiswa okubukhali kufakwe kahle.

Ngumuphi umuthi ongahlwanyelwa nge-pear tree?

Kwabaqalayo kuyothakazelisa ukuthi ukugoma okuphakathi kwekhanda kwenziwa ngokuphumelelayo ezinhlotsheni eziningana zezitshalo zensimu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimboni zemithi kuphela ezifanelekile kulo msebenzi. Ezinye izinhlobo, ezifana ne-quince, ziyaphumelela futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezincane ezizimele nezomlimi, kodwa ezinye izindlela eziningi azizisebenzisi izitshalo zezimboni.

Yini engagoma ipheya entwasahlobo yabaqalayo:

• on izithombo eliphakathi kwezilwane;
• i-rowan;
• i-apula;
• ngicela;
• i-hawthorn;
• quince;
• i-cotoneaster.

Inoculation of pear entwasahlobo e-apula

Lezi zihlobo ziyisihlobo esiseduze, ngakho-ke, uma ugcina imithetho yokugoma, izinga lokusinda ngisho naphakathi kwabathandi be-novice ngokuvamile lifinyelela ku-90%. Ukungahleleki kokuhlanganiswa kwepeyari kumuthi we-apula kufaka ukulahlwa kwe-graft, okwenzeka eminyakeni eminingana emva kokuhlanganiswa ngenxa yokungqinelani okuphelele. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baxazulula le nkinga ngokufaka i-intercalary insert noma i-perevrivivki elandelayo ekhula kulokhu kukhula kwesitshalo kakade kwelinye igatsha. Ukukhula ngaphezu konyaka ku-apula juice, izinkuni eziphakathi kwe-pear ziyanqatshelwa kaningi.

Inoculation of pear entabeni ash ash

Ukugoma kokuqala kwentwasahlobo wepeyari ku-ash ash kunezinzuzo nezingozi. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala izitshalo ezincane, ezingatholi emhlabathini owomile ngesikhathi seqhwa. Imiphumela emihle inikezwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-redwooded mountain ash njengento yokugcina impahla, izinhlobo zezithelo ezimnyama ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi ziyancipha. Ake sithi ezinye izinto ezingalungile zokusebenzisa i-mountain ash for izimpande:

1. Isikhathi esincane esifushane se-fruiting period yezimpahla ezihlanganisiwe.
2. Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kosawoti ezitshalweni.
3. Ukutholakala kwamapheya ngamapareyi nge ukunambitheka eliphakathi kwe.
4. Amapheya akhulile entabeni yomlotha, inyama ehlukile.

Ngingayitshala yini leli peyari ngeplamu?

Ukuzama ukutshala eliphakathi kweplamu ngeke kuphumelele kubalimi bokuqala. Izitshalo zePine emithini yezithelo zamatshe azithathi izimpande, futhi uma isikhathi esithile sibalekela futhi sizoba luhlaza, ngokushesha sizofa. Amafomu okuhlola angase abe nesithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni kweplamu njengezimpande zangempela ze-cherry, cherry, i-apricot ngisho ne-peach.

Ngingayitshala yini leli peyari ku-quince?

I-Quince iyisitoko esithandwayo samapheya, kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezifanele kule njongo. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwesiqu, ukukhula kukhula futhi kuvame ukuphuka. Ngomphumela omuhle, ungathola umuthi ophansi, oyosindisa isikhala kusayithi. Uma i-novice inesithakazelo ekuxhumaniseni i-pear ibe yi-quince, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokuzama ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokufaka ibanga eliphakathi.

Amanye amapheya ahambisana ne quince:

• I-Bere Kiev;
• Ukwelashwa;
• I-Taurian;
• Dessert;
• I-Parisian;
• Platonovskaya;
• Smerichka;
• Bere Ardanton;
• Ilyinka;
• Lymonka.

Akuhambisani ne-quince pears:

• I-Bere Bosk;
• I-Duchesse Angouleme;
• UDkt. Lucius;
• Maliychanka;
• Berè Clercio;
• Ubusika be-Decanter;
• I-Clapp eyintandokazi;
• I-Rosie Red Bartlett;
• UCharles Cogne.