Kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-Mashi, abazali abaningi babhekene nesidingo sokugoma ingane evela kwesinye isifo segciwane. Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization, ukugoma kuyindlela kuphela ethembekile yokuvimbela lesi sifo kanye nezinkinga zayo.
Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane ezinganeni
Ngaphezu kwemishanguzo, kunezinketho eziningi zokuvikela ingane kusuka ekutheleleni. I- prophylaxis eyisisekelo ye-influenza ne-ARVI ezinganeni ihlanganisa:
- ukunamathela emithethweni yokuhlanzeka;
- ukuchithwa kwamagceke ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi (izinkulisa, izikole);
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane kanye nezidakamizwa ukugqugquzela amasosha omzimba;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuvikela.
Ezinye izingane zanele ngalezi zindlela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kokuzivikela, kepha into ngayinye inezinselele ezithile. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zokuhlanzeka kubonakala ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu - ukugeza izandla nokuphatha indawo kuyoba namahora onke ama-1.5-2. Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (imaski) kufanele igqoke abagulayo, hhayi abantu abaphilile, kodwa abanye abakwenzi lokho.
Ama-immunomodulators kanye nezidakamizwa ze-antiviral kuyindlela eyingozi yokuvimbela. Iningi lezinkinga ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwonyaka okwenziwe ukuphikisana nemithi enjalo, kanti neminye imithi (i-Kagocel, i-Arbidol, i-Ocillococcinum, i-Anaferon nokunye okunjalo) ekuqaleni ayinalutho. Imithi yokuvimbela i-anti-antiviral kufanele ithathwe isikhathi eside, phakathi nenkathi yezifo, eyithinta kakhulu umzimba womntwana ngenxa yemiphumela emibi kakhulu kanye nobuthi bezidakamizwa zesibindi.
Ukugonywa kwe-Influenza kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuvimbela:
- ukuphumelela okuphezulu (60-90% yezingane ayiguli emva kokugoma);
- ukuphathwa okulodwa noma kokubili kwesidakamizwa;
- izindleko ezingabizi.
Ingabe kufanele ngithole umkhuhlane ovela kumntwana?
Ukugoma ngesikhatsi sekusasa kwesifo sengculazi sifo sekuphefumula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanelekile ukugoma umkhuhlane kumntwana, futhi yimiphi imithi ongayisebenzisa kulokhu, abazali banquma kuphela. Uma kukhona ukungabaza mayelana nokuhleleka kokuphatha umgomo kanye nokuphepha kwayo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezingane. Ukwelashwa kwabantwana kuya emkhuhlane akusona isiqiniseko sokuvikela ukuvimbela isifo esingu-100%. I-kid ingenwa yingculaza ngesikhathi segciwane, kepha izokuhlukunyezwa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.
Ngingayithola yini umkhuhlane ovela kumntwana?
Iningi lezingane alivunyelwe kuphela ukuphatha umgomo, kodwa futhi kunconywa, ikakhulukazi uma bevakashela izindawo zokubutha kwabantu abaningi - izinkulisa, izinhlangano zokuqala zokuthuthukisa, izikole. Ukuze anqume noma angayigombela ingane, noma yini imibono yabazali nengane yengane (kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-6 ayikwazi ukuthonywa). Ngaphambi kokugoma kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okuphikisanayo:
- ukuphikisana nezinkukhu zeprokhukhu;
- isikhathi sesifo esithathelwanayo esiyingozi noma ukuqhuma kwesifo esingelapheki;
- ukucindezela kunoma yikuphi ingxenye yomuthi;
- amasu omzimba omncane;
- i-neoplasms eyingozi;
- izilonda ze-systemic diffuse zezicubu ezixhunyiwe;
- ukuguquka kwamagciwane;
- izifo ezinzima ze-adrenal gland, isimiso sezinzwa.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane wezingane - ngokumelene nokuphikisana
Noma yimuphi udokotela oqeqeshiwe uzoqaphela ukuthi ukugoma kunezinzuzo ezingaphezu kokungalungi. Uma unquma ukuthi ingane kufanele igonywe yini umkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinzuzo zayo:
- ukuphepha okuphelele, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezingasebenzi (ngaphandle kwegciwane eliphilayo);
- ukusebenza kahle okukhulu;
- Isenzo eside (amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa cishe ngonyaka);
- ukuvikeleka ngokumelene nezinkinga zokugula;
- ukuvuselelwa kwesimiso somzimba;
- injection eyodwa.
Uma uphendula umbuzo ukuthi ngabe ingane kufanele igonywe yini umkhuhlane, ukwehluleka komgomo kufanele kufundwe:
- ukugcinwa kwama-preservatives kanye nama-chemical compounds (in the concentration concentration);
- amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi;
- ingozi yesifo esimweni esibucayi (uma usebenzisa imithi enegciwane ephilayo).
Uma ingane inqatshelwe, noma incane kakhulu yokugoma, odokotela bezingane bayeluleka ukuthi basebenzise umkhondo we "cocoon", owandaka emazweni athuthukile. Okuyinhloko yendlela yokwethulwa kokugoma kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni kanye nomakhelwane oseduze kakhulu (ama-nannies, ama-governesses). Le ndlela ibuye ifanele izingane ezingena ezikoleni, izinkulisa kanye nezikhungo ezifanayo.
Umkhuhlane ugonywe kanjani?
Ukusetshenziswa kokugoma kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho esungulwe. Ukugonywa kwabantwana ngokumelene nomkhuhlane kwenziwa kuphela esikhungweni esikhethekile - isikhungo se-immunological, imitholampilo yomphakathi noma yangasese. Ngezinye izikhathi umjovo wenziwa ekhaya, ngemuva kokuphetha kwesivumelwano kunye nommeli oqinisekisiwe wezokwelapha mayelana nokuqondiswa kwengane okulandelayo. Akunconywa ukuthenga umuthi ngokwakho. Udokotela angenqaba ukusebenzisa lolu mgomo ngenxa yokungabi nalesi siqinisekiso sokugcina nesitoreji esifanele.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukugoma komkhuhlane?
Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala kokusungulwa kwezidakamizwa ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane. Umkhuhlane kubantwana, ngisho nangendlela elula, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ngisho nokufa. Udokotela kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela impilo yengane, qinisekisa ukuthi ayikho impendulo yokwelapha emithini yokugoma, ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Ukuphendula ngokugoma komkhuhlane kumntwana
Izidakamizwa zanamuhla azivami ukulimaza imiphumela emibi. Ukugoma komkhuhlane wezingane kungahambiswa isikhumba esincane sokuvuvukala nokubuhlungu esikhungweni somjovo. Lezi zimpawu zanyamalala emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-4 ngaphandle kokwelapha okukhethekile. Ezimweni ezivelele, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu emva kokugoma ngokumelene nomkhuhlane kumntwana, ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka noma ukulala bulotshiwe. Lezi zenzakalo zibhekwa njengokungavamile komzimba ukugoma, okuhambisana nokusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane - izinkinga
Abaphikisi bokugoma bahlale bekhomba imiphumela yaso eyingozi. Izifundo ze-World Health Organization nezinye izikhungo ezisemthethweni ziphikisana nalezi zinsolo. Ngemuva kokugoma komkhuhlane, ingane ayinaso izinkinga uma ngabe le mithi yayinekhwalithi efanele, injected kahle, futhi ingane ayinakho ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwemithi. Imithi engasebenziyo ayikwazi ukususa ukutheleleka. Ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemva kokusebenzisa isisombululo ngegciwane eliphilayo, kodwa lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha nangendlela elula.
Ukugonywa kwegciwane - iziqu
Igciwane lishintshwa njalo, ngakho izinkampani zezokwelapha minyaka yonke zakha izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Imithi yokugoma ewusizo kunazo zonke yokulwa nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 kubantwana i-Sowigripp. Iqukethe uhlobo olwengeziwe lwe-H1N1 "Michigan". Ngesicelo sabazali, omunye umgomo wokugoma wezingane ungasetshenziswa:
- I-Grippol;
- Influvac;
- Fluuarix;
- Agrippal.