Ubani umbhali we-autist - umuntu odumile kakhulu-autistic

Ingane engavamile futhi engajwayelekile, ingane enesipho noma umuntu omdala. Phakathi kwabafana, i-autism iphindwe izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwamantombazane. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuqala kwesifo, kodwa zonke azibonakalwanga ngokugcwele. Izici zokuphambene nentuthuko zingabonakala eminyakeni yokuqala 1-3 yokuphila kwezingane.

Ubani i-autistic?

Bashaya ngokushesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abadala noma izingane. Iyini i-autistic yisifo esinqunywe yizinto eziphilayo ezihlobene nokuhlukunyezwa okuvamile kokuthuthukiswa komuntu, okubonakala isimo sokuthi "ukucwiliswa ngaphakathi" futhi ugweme ukuthintana neqiniso, abantu. UL. Kanner, ingane yengqondo yengane, waba nesithakazelo ezinganeni ezingavamile. Ngemva kokuzikhethela iqembu lezingane ezingu-9, udokotela wawagcina iminyaka emihlanu futhi ngo-1943 wabeka umqondo we-RDA (ubuntana be-autism ebuntwaneni).

Abagunyazi ukuthi bangazibona kanjani?

Umuntu ngamunye uhlukile ngokwemvelo, kodwa kunezici ezifanayo zomlingiswa, ukuziphatha, izidakamizwa nabantu abavamile nalabo abane-autism. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezici ezivamile okufanele uziqaphele. Izibonakaliso ze-Autistic (lezi ziphazamiso zivame kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala):

• ukungakwazi ukuxhumana;
• ukwephula ukuxhumana komphakathi;
• ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle, okungaqondakali nokuntuleka kwengqondo.

Izici zezingane ezigunyazayo

Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kokungajwayelekile kwengane, abazali abaqaphele bayayibona ekuseni kakhulu, ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, kuze kube unyaka owodwa. Ubani ingane ye-autistic futhi yiziphi izimpawu zokuthuthukiswa nokuziphatha okufanele zixwayise umuntu omdala ukuze athole usizo lwezokwelapha nokwengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Ngokwezibalo, izingane ezingu-20% kuphela zinendlela elula ye-autism, ama-80% asele ahlukumezeka kakhulu nezifo ezithinta izifo (isithuthwane, ukuphuza kwengqondo). Kusukela esemncane, izici ezilandelayo ziyisici:

• ayikho inkimbinkimbi yokuvuselela;
• Gwema ukuxhumana kwamehlo nabanye, ungalandeli amehlo esitokisi;
• ubumpofu besimo sobuso nesimo sobuso;
• ukubambezeleka noma ukungabi khona kwenkulumo okuphelele;
• ukuntuleka kwemizwelo;
• i-echolalia (ukuphindaphinda okuzenzakalelayo kwemishwana);
• ukwesaba izinto ezinomsindo nezihambayo;
• ukungabi nesifiso sokuhlanganyela injabulo yabo, impumelelo entsha, ithoyizi;
• ukungabikho kwemidlalo lapho kudingwa khona ukuzethemba kanye nokucabanga;
• ukugxila komunye uhlobo lomsebenzi, ithoyizi;
• Ukunyakaza okuphawulayo: ukushaya, ukuchofoza ngeminwe, ukuguqula nge-trunk, njll;
• gwema ukuthinta;
• amasiko.

I-autistics yabantu abadala - bayini?

Uma uneminyaka yobudala, ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kungaba nzima kakhulu noma kuncibilikiswe, kuncike eziningana zezizathu: ukuqina kwesifo, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuhlalisana nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Ubani umuntu omdala we-autistic - angaqaphela kakade ekusebenzisaneni kokuqala. I-Autistic - izimpawu kumuntu omdala:

• ebhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu ekukhulumisaneni, kunzima ukuqala nokugcina ingxoxo;
• ukungabi nozwela (uzwela) nokuqonda izifunda zabanye abantu;
• ubuzwe obunzwayo: ukuphathwa ngesandla noma ukuthinta komuntu ongaziwayo kungabangela ukwesaba ku-autist;
• ukuphazanyiswa komkhakha wemizwelo;
• okulinganiselwe, ukuziphatha komkhuba okuqhubekayo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila.

Kungani i-autistics izalwa?

Emashumini eminyaka yamuva kuye kwaba nenhloli ekuzalweni kwezingane ezine-autism, futhi uma eminyakeni engama-20 edlule kwakungumntwana oyedwa kusuka ku-1000, manje ongu-1 ngo-150. Izibalo ziyadumaza. Lesi sifo senziwa emindenini enesakhiwo esithile sezenhlalakahle, ukuchuma. Kungani kuzalwe izingane ze-autistic, izimbangela zaba ososayensi kuze kube sekugcineni kungacacisiwe. Odokotela babiza cishe izici ezingu-400 ezithinta ukutholakala kwezifo ze-autistic ezinganeni. Okungenzeka kakhulu:

• ukuhlukunyezwa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nezinguquko;
• izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathwe owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (i-rubella, ukutheleleka kwe-herpetic, isifo sikashukela, ukutheleleka kwegciwane );
• uneminyaka engama-35 ubudala;
• ukwephulwa kwamabhomu ama-hormone (i-fetus yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone);
• imvelo empofu, ukuxhumana komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezinsimbi ezinzima;
• ukugoma kwengane enegciwane: i-hypothesis ayisekelwe ubufakazi bobuchwepheshe.

Imikhuba nokuzilahla komntwana we-autistic

Emindenini lapho izingane ezinjalo ezingavamile zivela khona, abazali banemibuzo eminingi abayidingayo izimpendulo, ukuze baqonde ingane yabo futhi basize ukuthuthukisa amathuba abo. Kungani i-autistics ingaboni ebusweni noma iziphatha ngendlela engafanelekile, ikhiqize ukunyakaza okungavamile, okunjengokwenkolo? Abantu abadala bacabanga ukuthi ingane iyayinaki, igweme ukuthintana naye, lapho ingaboni amehlo lapho ikhuluma. Izizathu zibheke ekuboneni okukhethekile: ososayensi baqhube isifundo, okwakubonisa ukuthi i-autistics inombono ongcono we-peripheral futhi kunzima ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo.

Ukuziphatha komkhuba kusiza umntwana ukuba anciphise ukukhathazeka. Izwe elinayo zonke izinhlobo eziguqukayo lingenakuqondakala kulabo abasebenzisayo, futhi amasiko ayinikeza ukuzinza. Uma umuntu omdala engenelela futhi ephule umkhuba wengane, ukuhlukunyezwa kwesifo se-panic , ukuziphatha okunonya, ukuzihlukumeza kungase kwenzeke. Ukuzinikela endaweni engavamile, i-autist izama ukwenza izenzo ezingavamile zokuziqhenya, ukuze zizolile. Imikhuba nokuzikhukhumeza ngokwazo zihlukile, ngoba ingane ngayinye iyingqayizivele, kepha kunezifana ezifanayo:

• izintambo eziphihlizayo, izinto;
• faka emathoyisheni eyodwa;
• hamba indlela efanayo;
• bukela i-movie efanayo izikhathi eziningi;
• bachofoza iminwe yabo, bagaqa amakhanda abo, bahambe ngezinyawo;
• gqoka izingubo zabo ezivamile kuphela
• udle uhlobo oluthile lokudla (ukudla okunamandla);
• igoqa izinto nabantu.

Ungaphila nge-autistic?

Abazali bakuthola kunzima ukwamukela ukuthi ingane yabo ayifani nabanye abantu. Ukwazi ukuthi ubani ongu-autistic, kungacatshangwa ukuthi kunzima kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni. Ukuze bangazizwa benesizungu ezinkingeni zabo, omama babumbene emaqenjini ahlukahlukene, benze izivumelwano futhi babelane ngempumelelo yabo encane. Izifo akusona isigwebo, ungenza okuningi ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini, kanye nokwaneliseka komntwana okwanele, uma engumuntu ojulile we-autistic. Indlela yokuxhumana ne-autistics - kuqala ukuqonda nokwamukela ukuthi banesithombe esihlukile sezwe:

• baqonde amagama ngokoqobo. Noma yikuphi amahlaya, ukuthuka akulungile;
• zijwayele ukungathembeki, ukwethembeka. Kungacasula;
• ungathandi ukuthinta. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha imingcele yengane;
• Ungabeki ukukhala umsindo omkhulu nokukhala; ukuxhumana okunokuthula;
• kunzima ukuqonda ulimi olukhulunywayo, ungakwazi ukuxhumana ngokubhala, ngezinye izikhathi izingane ziqala ukubhala izinkondlo, lapho umhlaba wabo wangaphakathi ubonakala khona;
• kunezinhlobo ezithintekayo ezithakazelisayo lapho ingane iqine khona, kubalulekile ukuyibuka nokuyithuthukisa;
• Ukucabanga okungokomfanekiso kwengane: imiyalelo, izithombe, imidwebo yokulandelana kwezenzo - konke lokhu kusiza ukufunda.

I-autistics ikubona kanjani umhlaba?

Ababonanga nje kuphela emehlweni, kodwa futhi babheka izinto ngokuhlukile. I-autism yezingane kamuva iguqulwa ibe yinkinga yokuthola umuntu omdala futhi kuxhomeke kubazali ukuthi ingane yabo ingazivumelanisa kanjani nomphakathi, futhi ibuye iphumelele. Izingane ze-autistic zizwa ngokuhlukile: izwi lomuntu alikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezinye imisindo. Ababuki isithombe noma isithombe sonke, kodwa bakhetha i-fragment encane futhi bagxila kulo lonke ukunakwa kwabo: iqabunga esihlahleni, indwangu esikhwameni, njll.

I-Self-Aggression ku-Autistic

Ukuziphatha kombhali we-autist ngokuvamile akuhambisani nemigomo evamile, kunezici eziningi neziphambano. Ukuzikhukhumeza kubonakala ekuphenduleni ukumelana nezidingo ezintsha: kuqala ukushaya ikhanda, ukumemeza, ukuklebhula izinwele, ukugijima emgwaqeni. I-autistic ingane ayinayo "umqondo wokuqeda", okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kuhleliwe. Ukuqedwa kwesici, ngenxa yokuthi yikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa okwakusuka, ubuyela esimweni esivamile, ukusho isimo - kuvumela ingane ukuba ithule.

Izisebenzi ze-autistics

I-autism inezintshisekelo ezincane ezithakazelisayo. Abazali abakhathalelayo bangaqaphela intshisekelo yengane endaweni ethile futhi bayithuthukise, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo engamenza abe umuntu ophumelelayo. Ubani ongasebenzisa ababhalisi - banikeze amakhono abo asezingeni eliphansi - lo msebenzi ongahileleki ukuxhumana okude nabanye abantu:

• Ibhizinisi lokudweba;
• uhlelo;
• ukulungiswa kwamakhompiyutha, izakhiwo zasendlini;
• uchwepheshe wezilwane uma ethanda izilwane;
• ubuciko obuhlukahlukene;
• umklamo wewebhu;
• sebenze ebhokisatri;
• i-accounting;
• sebenzisana nezinqolobane.

Zingaki izimoto ezihlala?

Ukuphila kwabantu base-autistic kuxhomeke ezimweni ezinhle ezidalwe emndenini lapho ingane ihlala khona, bese kuthi umuntu omdala. I-degree of disorders kanye nezifo ezithintekayo, njengokuthi: isithuthwane, ukuphuza kwengqondo okujulile. Izimbangela zokuphila okufinyeleleka kungase zibe izingozi, ukuzibulala. Amazwe aseYurophu aphenye le nkinga. Abantu abanezifo ze-autistic spectrum baphila ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 engaphansi.

Ubuntu obunamandla bokuzimela

Phakathi kwalaba bantu abangaqondakali kukhona abanamakhono amakhulu noma babizwa ngokuthi ama-savants. Izinhlu zomhlaba zivuselelwa njalo ngamagama amasha. Umbono okhethekile wezinto, izinto nezimo ezivumela ukudala ubuciko be-autistic yobuciko, ukuthuthukisa amadivayisi amasha, imithi. Abagunyazi bakhanga ukunakwa umphakathi. I-autistics evelele yezwe:

1. I-Barron Trump iyi-autistic . Ukucabanga ukuthi indodana kaDonald Trump indodana ye-autistic yashiwo yi-blogger, uJames Hunter, ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwevidyo, lapho uBarron ebona khona ukuziphatha ngendlela elula.
2. U-Lewis Carroll u-autistic . Umlobi odumile we "Alice in Wonderland" wabonisa amakhono angavamile emathematika, ahluke ngokungaqondakali ekuziphatheni, ahlabekile. Ngakhetha abantu abadala - ukuxhumana nezingane.
3. U-Bill Gates uyi-autistic . Isibalo somphakathi, omunye wabasunguli bekampani "i-Microsoft".
4. U-Albert Einstein u-autistic . Izindlela eziningi zesosayensi zazibonakala zingavamile kwabanye. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, egumbini lakhe lokugqoka wayebheke ama-suits afanayo afanayo ngosuku ngalunye lwesonto, okungase kubonise ukulandelana kokuziphatha.