Ukuphila komphakathi wesintu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuyala nokugcina imithetho ethile nemithetho, kungenjalo kungaba khona ukuphikisana. Unkulunkulukazi wasendulo ongumGreki uThemis ubelokhu eqapha ukugcinwa kwemithetho nobulungisa ngamakhulu eminyaka amaningana.
Ubani uThemis?
Unkulunkulukazi wobulungisa uThemis wazalwa yi-Titans: u-Uranus, okwenziwa ngabantu bamaGreki ezulwini neGaia, unkulunkulukazi wasendulo kunazo zonke emhlabeni. AmaGreki aphinde ambiza ngokuthi iTemida noma iTemis. KwabaseRoma, Themis wabizwa ngokuthi Ubulungisa. Ebuhlakani obunokuhlakanipha kanye ne-erudition, u-Themis wanqoba umbusi we-Olympus wabe eseba ngumkakhe wesibili wezomthetho ngemuva kweMetida. UThemis waba nomthwalo wemithetho nokuhleleka kwe-Olympus naphakathi kwabantu. UThemis ongakhethi kodwa ongenamqondo uyamaqaphi emphakathini namuhla: Ithempeli laseThemis libizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo senkantolo, futhi iziphathimandla zomthetho zingezinye izinceku noma abapristi bakaThemis.
I-Themis yaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni abantu baseGreki lasendulo, wabafundisa:
- isayensi yezibikezelo;
- ukwenza imihlatshelo;
- ukuqhuba imikhuba yaphezulu (ukwazisa abapristi ngentando yabonkulunkulu).
Uthini uThemis abukeka?
Oqine, ozethembayo, ngesithunzi, ubonisa uThemis ngamehlo akhe avaliwe, ngokwemveli yezingubo zabesifazane baseGrisi - ingubo ehamba phambili engavamile. Izinwele kukhanda eliqinile. EThemis akukho ngisho nokudonsa kokudlala noma ukuthambekela kokubonakalisa izimfanelo zomuntu, yena ngokwakhe uyinja. Izithombe nezithombe zeThemis zifanekisela futhi zikhulume ngokwazo, lapho zibuka unkulunkulukazi, abantu babona owesifazane ohloniphekile, obhekene nesimo esibucayi, inkemba enezinhlangothi zombili esandleni esisodwa nezikali kwelinye.
Izimpawu zikaThemis
Imfanelo ka-unkulunkulukazi ikhethwe ngesizathu esihle futhi inencazelo ejulile engcwele:
- Ukuboshwa kweThemis - ukungakhethi. Ngaphambi unkulunkulukazi we-oda, bonke bayalingana nabonkulunkulu nabantu. Asikho isimo noma ukungezwani kwezenhlalo. Umthetho ungomunye wabo bonke.
- Izambatho zokugqoka izingubo zokuphathwa kwezomthetho. KumaGreki aseMandulo, zonke izinqubo zaziyingcwele futhi ziyisiko, ngakho ukugqoka izingubo kwanikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu.
- Libra Themis yisilinganiso, ibhalansi, ibhalansi kanye nobulungiswa. I-Libra isithombe sokwemvelo sasendulo, okungesona nje kuphela izinto ezikhonakalayo ezingalinganiswa, kodwa futhi nemigomo enjengokuthi "okuhle" nethi "okubi", "icala" nelithi "ukungabi namlandu". Iyiphi indebe eyobe ihamba phambili? UThemis uphethe izikali ngakwesobunxele, okuyizinto ezingokomfanekiso, ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba umbonisi.
- Inkemba kaThemis ingamandla angokomoya, impindiselo noma ukubuyiselwa kwezenzo ezenziwe ngabantu. Ekuqaleni, unkulunkulukazi wayegcina i-cornucopia, kodwa amaRoma aqala umbono wabo futhi abeka inkemba (isizathu esifanele) ngakwesokunene sikadadekazi, ngokubheka kwabo, ukubonakalisa okungcono okushiwo nguThemis (Justice). Umfanekiso wesithikazi ophethe inkemba ekhomba amaphuzu aphezulu intando kaNkulunkulu yasezulwini. Kamuva, uThemis waqala ukuvezwa ngenkemba, wehliswa ngephansi. Lesi simo sibhekwa njengokuthembela emandleni.
Themis - izinganekwane
UThemis - unkulunkulukazi, ohlonishwayo ngamaGreki ahloniphekile, wamnxusa ngokungalungi nesifiso sokujezisa umoni. U-Themis ngokwakhe wayefisa ukuxwayisa ukungabi namthetho noma inkathazo, ngoba naye wayeyi-pythia enkulu-umtshelezi wenhlanhla, njengoba kuboniswa yizinkolelo lapho unkulunkulukazi nomthetho uvela khona. Ngokuqondene naye yizilwandle zase-Olimpiki nabantu.
Themis noZeyus
UZeus wanqotshwa isipiliyoni kanye nokuhlakanipha kukaThemis, wayebonakala ebona konke, wayekwazi ngabanye onkulunkulu lokho abanye ababengazi. Unkulunkulukazi ugunyaziwe ukuba abize onkulunkulu emkhandlwini, basize uZeus ekuqedeni iMpi yeTrojan. UZeus wayejabule ukuba nomeluleki onjalo kumkakhe, owamukelwa njengoba ekhona futhi ngisho nangemva kokuhlukanisa kwabo kanye nomshado kaZeus kuHera, umbusi we-Olympus waxoxa futhi wathemba izinto zikaThemis ezingaphakathi. Izinkulunkulukazi zonyaka wezintaba (Ory) - amadodakazi amathathu kaThemis noZeyus abonakala ngenxa yothando lwabo:
- I-Eunomia - umuntu obonisa isibusiso, ukuthula nokuhleleka;
- Dike - iqiniso kanye nobulungisa, ubona ukugcinwa kweqiniso ezweni labantu, kubika ubaba mayelana konke ukuphambukela eqinisweni;
- U-Eirena uyindodakazi kaZeyus noThemis, obonisa ukuphila okunokuthula.
Ekuchazeni okulandelayo kwezinganekwane zikaGeosida, abantwana bakaZeus noThemis babenguMoira, unkulunkulukazi wekusasa:
- Indwangu yinkambo yokuphoqa yokuphila;
- I-Lachesis - inquma isiphetho, "lot" rong>
- I-Atropos - iphula umcibisholo wokuphila (ukungenakwenzeka, ukungabi nokuziphendulela kwekusasa, ukufa).
Themis noNemesis
Amankulunkulukazi amabili aseGreece asendulo afana nomunye futhi ahambisana. Amandla kaThemis ukugweba labo abaphikisanayo ababeka icala labo abangenacala futhi babuyisele ubulungiswa. I-nemesis yamaGreki yayibanjwe ngumuntu ngesigwebo esithile noma i-retribution, ewela emakhanda abahlukumezi nabenzi bokubi. I-Nemesis yayinenkemba nezilinganiso ezifana neThemis izimfanelo, inkemba nezikali, ngezinye izikhathi eziboniswa ukuqhuma - njengesibonakaliso sejubane lokuhlaselwa (isijeziso) kanye nomklamo, ovusa ukuthukuthela nokuzilalela.