Igama elithi "indaba emnyama" (noma mass mass) lisetshenziswe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi: ku-cosmology, astronomy, physics. Lokhu kuyinkinga yokucabanga - uhlobo lwesikhala nesikhathi esithinta ngokuqondile imisebe ye-electromagnetic futhi ayidlulisi ngokwayo.
Indaba emnyama - kuyini?
Kusukela esikhathini esidlule abantu bakhathazekile mayelana nemvelaphi yendawo yonke kanye nezinqubo eziyilungisa. Ngesikhathi sobuchwepheshe, ukutholakala okubalulekile kwenziwa, futhi isisekelo sezintandokazi sanda kakhulu. Ngo-1922, isazi sezincwadi saseBrithani uJacob Jeans nesazi sezinkanyezi saseDashiya uJacobus Kaptein sathola ukuthi iningi lezindaba ze-galactic ayibonakali. Khona-ke ngokokuqala ngqikithi indaba yesikhombi ebomvu ibizwa ngokuthi yilo - yinto engabonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela eyaziwa isintu. Ukuba khona kwezinto eziyimfihlakalo kunikeza izimpawu ezingavamile - insimu yokucindezela, amandla adonsela phansi.
Indaba emnyama ku-astronomy ne-cosmology
Ecabanga ukuthi zonke izinto nezinxenye endaweni yonke zithandana, izazi zezinkanyezi zakwazi ukuthola ubuningi besibonakaliso esibonakalayo. Kodwa kwakukhona ukungafani ngesisindo sangempela futhi kwabikezelwa. Futhi ososayensi bathola ukuthi kukhona inqwaba engabonakali, elandisa kuze kube ngu-95% wenkampani yonke engavunyelwe endaweni yonke. Indaba emnyama esikhala inezici ezilandelayo:
- ilawulwa phansi;
- kuthinta ezinye izinto zesikhala,
- buthakathaka ixhumana nezwe langempela.
Indaba emnyama yifilosofi
Indawo ehlukile ibhekene nendaba emnyama efilosofi. Lesi sayensi sithatha isifundo se-oda lomhlaba, izisekelo zokuba, uhlelo lwemihlaba ebonakalayo nengabonakali. Ngokuba okuyinhloko kuthathwe into ethile, enqunywe isikhala, isikhathi, izici ezizungezile. Kutholakale kamuva, indaba engumngcwabo emnyama yendawo yonke yashintsha ukuqonda kwezwe, isakhiwo sayo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngomqondo wefilosofi, into engaziwa, njengengxenyana yamandla yesikhala nesikhathi, ikhona kulowo nalowo kithi, ngakho-ke abantu bayafa, ngoba bahlanganisa isikhathi esiphelile.
Kungani sidinga indaba emnyama?
Ingxenye encane yezinto zesikhala (amaplanethi, izinkanyezi, njll) yizinto ezibonakalayo. Ngezindinganiso zososayensi abahlukahlukene, amandla amnyama kanye nendaba emnyama abamba cishe yonke indawo e-Cosmos. Isabelo salokuqala ngu-21-24%, amandla angu-72%. Impahla ngayinye yemvelo engavamile yemvelo inemisebenzi yayo:
- Amandla amnyama, angathathi futhi angaboni ukukhanya, aphikisayo izinto, acindezela indawo yonke ukuba yande.
- Ngokusekelwe emzimbeni ofihliwe, izinkanyezi zakhiwe, amandla ayo akhangisa izinto esikhaleni sangaphandle, azigcina ezindaweni zazo. Okusho ukuthi kunciphisa ukwanda kwendawo yonke.
Uyini indaba emnyama?
Udaba olumnyama ohlelweni lwelanga luyinto engacinwa, ehlolwe futhi efundwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukucabangela okuningi kuphakanyiswa ngokuphathelene nemvelo nokubunjwa kwayo:
- Izinhlayiya ezingaziwa isayensi ezithatha iqhaza ekuthunjweni ziyingxenye yalesi sici. Akunakwenzeka ukuwabona kuyi-telescope.
- Lo mcimbi uyisihluthulelo semigodi emincane emnyama (ayikho enkulu kuneNyanga).
Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zobuningi obufihlekile, kuye ngokuthi i-velocity yezinhlayiya zayo ezikhona, ubungakanani bokuqoqwa kwazo.
- Kutshisa. Akwanele ukwakha izinkanyezi.
- Cold. Iqukethe amaqabunga amancane, amakhulu. Lezi zingxenye zingase ziyaziwa ngama-science axxions and bosons.
Ingabe kukhona indaba emnyama?
Yonke imizamo yokukala izinto zenyama engazange ifundeke ayiphumelelanga. Ngo-2012, ukuhamba kwezinkanyezi ezingu-400 ezungeze i-Sun kwaphenywa, kodwa ukutholakala kwempahla efihlekile emigqumeni enkulu akubonwanga. Ngisho noma indaba emnyama engekho eqinisweni, kwenzeka ukuthi kube khona inkolelo. Ngosizo lwaso luchaza ukutholakala kwezinto zomhlaba ezindaweni zazo. Abanye ososayensi bathola ubufakazi bokuthi ukhona ubukhulu obufihliwe be-cosmic. Ukuba khona kwakhe endaweni yonke kuchaza ukuthi amaqoqo ezinkanyezi aziboni futhi ahlale ndawonye.
Indaba emnyama - amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Imvelo yocingo efihliwe isalokhu imfihlakalo, kodwa iyaqhubeka inentshisekelo ososayensi emhlabeni wonke. Kuqhutshwa njalo ukuhlolwa, ngosizo lwabo abazama ukuphenya ngalolo lwazi kanye nemiphumela yaso emibi. Futhi amaqiniso ngawo aqhubeka ekhula. Isibonelo:
- I-Hadron Collider enkulu, eyinhloko yezinhlayiya ezinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isebenza ngamandla angene ekudaleni ukuthi kukhona izinto ezingabonakali eCosmos. Umphakathi wezwe onentshisekelo ulindele imiphumela.
- Ososayensi baseJapan badala ibalazwe lokuqala lomhlaba obuningi obufihliwe esikhaleni. Kuhlelwe ukuqedela ngo-2019.
- Muva nje, isazi sezinzwa zemvelo uLisa Randall siphakamise ukuthi indaba emnyama nama-dinosaurs ahlobene. Lesi sici sathumela i-Comet Earth, eyabhubhisa impilo emhlabeni.
Izingxenye ze-galaxy yethu kanye nomhlaba wonke kukhona indaba elula futhi emnyama, okungukuthi, izinto ezibonakalayo nezingabonakali. Uma ngokucwaninga kobuchwepheshe bokuqala besikhathi samanje bambala, izindlela zithuthukiswa njalo, ngakho-ke kunenkinga kakhulu ukuphenya izinto ezifihlekile. Isintu asikafiki ekuqondeni kwalesi simo. Into engabonakali, engabonakaliyo, kodwa yonke into ebomvu yayiyiyona futhi ihlala ingenye yezimfihlakalo eziyinhloko zendawo yonke.