Yiziphi izidingo - umuntu ngamunye uphendula lo mbuzo ngendlela yakhe, kodwa ngokujwayelekile kunezinto lapho bonke abantu befana futhi abadinga ngokulinganayo - lezi zidingo eziyisisekelo zingasabizwa zibalulekile, noma zibalulekile.
Yiziphi izidingo zomuntu?
Abantu kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphila bazama ukuzakhela izimo zokuphila lapho umuntu angazizwa ephephile futhi egcwele, ngakho-ke inkinga yokusinda nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kwakuyiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu. Namuhla, lapho emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke abantu bezwa beqiniseka futhi bephephile, umbuzo walokho izidingo zomuntu ziphinde zifanele? Konke okuqondiswe ukuxhumana nemvelo yangaphandle ukugcina i-homeostasis yenqubo yangaphakathi yezinto eziphilayo futhi kunezidingo.
Kusukela ekubukeni kwengqondo, izidingo ziyisimo esizithobayo sesidingo, uma kwenzeka umuntu ethatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezihlose ukwanelisa isidingo. Kudinga imigomo yefomu, izifiso, izisusa zesenzo futhi zihambisane nezimo ezifanele zomzwelo nemizwelo. Ukuntuleka kokwaneliseka kwezidingo ezibalulekile kuhlanganisa ukusongela impilo kanye nokuphila ngokujwayelekile, kuthinta kabi isimo sengqondo somuntu.
Izidingo zomuntu eMaslow
Isazi sezengqondo saseMelika-isazi sabantu A. Maslow ngo-1954 emsebenzini wakhe "Isizathu Sokugqugquzela Ubuntu" sichaza izidingo, ngokusekelwe ekuhleleni okulandelanayo. Ithiyori yezinkokhelo ivame ukugxekwa, kodwa iyaqhubeka ithandwa kakhulu ekuphathweni naphakathi kwezingqondo zengqondo. Izidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo kuMaslow:
- umzimba (izinga eliphansi kakhulu) - konke okuhlobene nokuphila, ukukhiqiza, izimo ezikhululekile;
- isidingo sokulondeka - ukungabikho kokusongela empilweni, izimo ezicindezelayo, ukugcina umuntu ngokumangalelwa;
- isidingo sothando nokwakhe - ukwamukelwa ngumphakathi, abantu abaseduze;
- isidingo sokuhlonipha nokuhlonipha - ukuvunywa nokwamukelwa ngumphakathi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuchule;
- ukuqonda - isifiso sokuhlola, ukuthola ulwazi nokuthola amakhono;
- ubuhle - isifiso sokuvumelana nobuhle;
- isidingo sokuziphendulela yizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthuthukiswa komuntu njengomuntu ophakeme ngokomoya, ukuqaphela imigomo yakhe ngokugcwele.
Izinhlobo zezidingo zomuntu
Yiziphi izidingo zomuntu - lo mbuzo unikezwe ocwaningweni oluningi ngabachwepheshe bezengqondo, izazi zezenhlalo, izibalo zomphakathi. Ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezidingo kungaba kanje:
- izidingo ezihlobene nomkhakha womsebenzi (ukuxhumana, ukuphumula komsebenzi, ukuqonda);
- into edingekayo (izinto ezibonakalayo, ezenhlalakahle, eziphilayo, ezingokomoya, ezokuziphatha nezokuziphatha);
- udinga ngokubaluleka (okubalulekile, kwesibili);
- ukusebenza (ngokwemvelo, okushiwo yizimiso kanye namasiko omphakathi);
- subjective (ngabanye, iqembu).
Izidingo zomphakathi zomuntu
Lapho kudingeka izidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo, impilo yakhe igcwele incazelo futhi isifiso sokusiza umphakathi. Izidingo zomphakathi zihlukaniswe ngokujwayelekile:
- " Ngami ." Okuyisisekelo lapha kuzoba isifiso somuntu ukuzibona emphakathini, ukuzikhomba yena futhi athathe indawo efanele noma isikhundla. Ukuzama amandla.
- " Kwabanye ." Isevisi ngenzuzo yomphakathi, izwe. Isidingo sokuvikela ababuthakathaka, isifiso sokuzidela.
- " Kanye nabanye ." Isidingo sokuhlanganiswa ukuxazulula imisebenzi ebalulekile ehlose ukuvikela noma ukuchuma iqembu noma isimo.
Izidingo ezingokwemvelo zabantu
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zezinto eziphilayo, kubalulekile ukucabangela umuntu njengomzimba osebenzayo emvelweni. Ukuze umuntu aphile: ukudla, amanzi, umoya, ukulala , ukushisa - ngaphandle kwezinto ezinjalo ezilula, i-homeostasis iphazamiseka, okungaholela ekufeni komzimba. Izidingo zomuntu eziyinhloko zihlukaniswe zibe ezibalulekile nakwesibili:
- ukuphephile;
- ukuqhubeka komndeni;
- indlela yokuphila;
- ukugcina umzimba esimweni esihle, esiphephile;
- izimo zemvelo ezijabulisayo zokuphila.
Izidingo ezingokwemvelo zomuntu
Imingcele ye-homeostasis (imvelo yangaphakathi) idinga ukuzinza kwezinkomba. Izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo ezivela emzimbeni zithole izidingo zomuntu ngesimo esisodwa noma enye yokudla, izimo zemvelo, isimo sezulu. Izidingo ezingokwemvelo zihlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezibonakalayo, isibonelo, isilinganiso samaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate ekudleni kokudla okuhambisana namazinga avumelanisiwe futhi afanele wonke umuntu. Ukungabi namaprotheni kungaholela ekudleni komzimba.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezidingo zabantu ngokusekelwe emingcele yemvelo yomzimba:
- ukulala angaphansi kwamahora angu-8;
- umoya ohlanzekile (akukho misebe kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo);
- ukudla, okuqukethwe kwe-caloric nokubunjwa okuhle okuhlinzekela umzimba ngazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo;
- amanzi (1.5 - 2 amalitha ngosuku).
Izidingo ezingokomoya zomuntu
Yiziphi izidingo ezingokomoya futhi ziyizo zonke abantu? Kukholelwa ukuthi uma umuntu enganelisekile ngezidingo eziyisisekelo ezingezansi, ukukhula okungokomoya akumelwe kuthiwe, wonke amandla ahloselwe ukusinda. Kodwa zikhona izibonelo lapho abantu bezitshele ngamabomu induduzo, ukudla okwanele, bakhetha indlela yokuxolisa, ukuze bazi amandla omoya. Kukhona inkulumo ethi: "Izulu elinikeziwe alinikezwa!", Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhula ngokomoya ngaphandle kwemithintelo, wonke umuntu unendlela yakhe siqu.
Yiziphi izidingo zomoya nokuthi zibonakaliswa kanjani zona:
- Isidingo sokuqashelwa . Ukuzama ukuthola isazi sefilosofi se-XVI leminyaka. UMnuz Montaigne wabiza isidingo sangokwemvelo kanye nesibalulekile somuntu ngamunye.
- Izidingo zobuhle . Ukukhuluma okubalulekile nesifiso sokuzindla, ukudala nokujabulela okuhle. Ukuphatha umhlaba ngokuvumelana nemithetho yobuhle, ukuthuthukiswa komqondo wokuvumelana kuthuthukisa ukuqonda okungokomoya kokubona.
- Isidingo sokwenza okuhle . Umuntu ozama ukuthola ingokomoya uqondiswa unembeza, izisusa zenkolo futhi wamukele izimiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi. Ebona isidingo sezenzo ezinhle, ukungazi , umuntu ukhula njengomuntu ongokomoya.
Izidingo zomuntu zomuntu
Ukuzama komuntu ukuphila okunethezeka nokunethezeka kokuziphatha, yilokho okudingwa yizinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa zivela ezidingo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuziqhenya komphakathi. Yiziphi izidingo ezidingekayo:
- izindlu ezinezinga elifanele lokududuza;
- ukudla okuhlukahlukene;
- izinto zasendlini (izingubo, amathuluzi, izinto ezisendlini);
- izindlela zokuhamba;
- service information (telephony, internet, ithelevishini).
Izidingo zezinto eziphilayo zomuntu
Izidingo zabantu zemvelo zenziwa ngokuxhumana ngqo nemvelo. Umoya omusha, amanzi ahlanzekile, indawo ethile yokuma komhlaba, isimo sezulu kukhona zonke izingxenye zomvelo wemvelo yomuntu. Umphakathi wakwazi ukuzivikela emathonyeni angaphandle angalungile ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe, isibonelo, amanzi, adlula amazinga amancane wokuhlanza ngaphambi kokuthi aphule emthonjeni. Umuntu unethonya elinamandla kakhulu emvelweni kokubili ekusindiseni izindlela, nokubhubhisa.
Izidingo zezemvelo zihlobene nezidingo eziphilayo futhi ziqinisekise impilo yomuntu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlakulela kusukela ebuntwaneni izidingo zemvelo ezingeni eliphakeme:
- isifiso sokulondoloza nokwandisa imithombo yemvelo;
- ukugcinwa kokuhlanzeka;
- ukuqwashisa kwemvelo ezingeni lokucabanga, izenzo kanye nobuhlobo nabantu.
Izidingo zomuntu ezihloniphekile
Yiziphi izidingo ezidumile futhi zingobani? Izidingo zomphakathi azibaluleki kangako kunezidingo eziphilayo. Umuntu uyisimo senhlalakahle futhi akakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele ngaphandle komphakathi. Ukwamukelwa kanye nodumo lomuntu kungumphumela womsebenzi kanye nobuchule. Kodwa kumuntu kungokwemvelo ukuba abe ngumsebenzi ovamile wenkampani futhi athole izincwadi nokukhuthazwa, ngoba ezinye izifiso eziphakeme nokulwela udumo ziyadingeka njengomoya. Yiziphi izidingo ezihlonishwayo empeleni:
- sigcizelela isimo (izingubo ezibizayo, imoto);
- isifiso sokuma nokuheha;
- ukuthuthukiswa ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe (ukutadisha njalo, ukubamba ukuqeqeshwa);
- isifiso sezinhlobonhlobo zokubhalisa.
Yiziphi izidingo zamanga?
Izidingo zomuntu ezingamanga nezingamanga - ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kusekelwe kulokho okubalulekile futhi okudingekile futhi okubonakala kubalulekile futhi kuyadingeka. Izidingo ezingamanga zibekwa ebuntwaneni ngokusebenzisa abazali "abazi" ingane ukuthi yini okudingeka akwenze, ukuthi yiziphi imibuthano noma izigaba okufanele zihambe. Izindinganiso ezinjalo ziyi-projection engazi lutho futhi zisekelwe ekunganeliseki kwezidingo eziyisisekelo zabazali. Kamuva, lapho umuntu esevele esekhulile, uqondiswa ngokwemvelo ngombono wabanye abantu.
Ukungafisi izifiso nezifiso kungaholela esifisweni sokwaneliseka ngokubunjwa kwamanye, izidingo ezilimazayo:
- izidingo zomphakathi ezingafinyelelwanga (ukufisa amandla) - udlame lwasekhaya, ubudlova ;
- izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphepha, induduzo, ukuqashelwa kanye nothando zithatha indawo yesidingo, ngokuya ngamakhemikhali, utshwala.
Izidingo zabantu zithinta kanjani ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi?
Izidingo zomuntu wanamuhla emphakathini wanamuhla ziye zadlulela phambili eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye edlule. Ngama-hierarchically, ahlala efana, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubekela phambili kwaholela ekwandiseni amathuba okuthuthukisa impilo yansuku zonke, izinhlelo zokuphepha, nokuxhumana kude. Ukuthi izidingo zomuntu zithinta umphakathi kanjani inqubo:
- izidingo ziyisikhuthazo sokuhamba kanye nenqubekela phambili;
- inqubekela phambili ikhuthaza abantu ukuba babe nezidingo ezintsha (ngokuvame ukwenziwa kwemvelo).