Ukuzalwa kuhlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezintathu: ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeletho, okubaluleke kakhulu, lapho i-fetus ilahlwa khona, kanye nokulandelana. Ukuhlukaniswa nokuphuma kwe-placenta yisigaba sesithathu sokusebenza, okungukuthi okungenani isikhathi eside, kepha asikho ngaphansi komthwalo wemfanelo kunezo ezimbili ezedlule. Kulesi sihloko, sizobuka izici zesikhathi esilandelayo (ukuthi siholwa kanjani), incazelo yezibonakaliso zokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta, izizathu zokuhlukaniswa okungaphelele kwe-placenta, nezindlela zokuhlukanisa ukuzalwa kokuzalwa kanye nezingxenye zayo.
Izimpawu ze-placenta
Emva kokuzalwa kwengane, indawo yengane kufanele izalwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kungenjalo kufanele ungadonsa intambo yomzimba ukusheshisa le nqubo. Isilinganiso esihle sokuzivikela sokuboshwa yisicelo sangaphambilini sangasese sebele. Ukuncelisa isisu kuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxytocin, okubangela ukunciphisa kwesibeletho nokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta. Ukuphathwa kwe-oxytracin engapheliyo noma okuyi-intramuscular yokunciphisa umzimba ibuye ijubane nokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka ngemuva kwalokho noma cha, ungasebenzisa izimpawu ezichazwe nge-placenta:
- Isibonakaliso sikaSchroeder: emva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta, isibeletho sikhuphuka ngaphezu kwenkaba, sinciphisa futhi siphendukela kwesokudla;
- isibonakaliso sika-Alfeld: i-placenta exfoliziwe ihlela emphinjeni wangaphakathi wesibeletho noma isiswini, kanti ingxenye yangaphandle yensimbi yomzimba ikhula ngo-10-12 cm;
- lapho i-placenta ihlukaniswa, izivumelwano zesibindi bese zakha umkhumbi phezu kwethambo le-pubic;
- isibonakaliso sikaMikulich: emva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta nokunciphisa owesifazane ohamba phambili, kunesidingo sokucindezeleka;
- Ubufakazi bukaKlein: lapho welula owesifazane ebelethweni, intambo yomlomo iqhubeka. Uma i-placenta ihlukanisiwe, emva kokuzama ukugudluza umcibisholo awukakhululwa;
- isibonakaliso sikaKyustner-Chukalov: uma ucindezela isithandankulu ngesibindi se-pubic symphysis ne-placenta ehlukanisiwe, intambo ye-umbilical ngeke isetshenziswe.
Uma ukubeletha kuqhubeka ngendlela evamile, lesi sigaba sizohlukaniswa kungakapheli imizuzu engu-30 ngemuva kokuxoshwa komntwana.
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa i-afterburn ehlukanisiwe
Uma i-placenta ehlukanisiwe engazalwa, amasu akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhululwa kwayo. Okokuqala, ukwandisa izinga lokuphatha i-oxytocin futhi uhlele ukukhululwa kwezindlela zangaphandle. Ngemva kokukhipha isisu, umama unikezwa ukuba asebenze, kanti ezimweni eziningi amaqabunga e-placenta ngemva kokubeletha. Uma lokhu kungakusizi, sebenzisa indlela ka-Abrahama, lapho lesi sibeletho sihlushwa kahle khona, sishukumisa ukuphazamiseka kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, isisu sikabeletha sithathwa ngezandla zombili ku-longitudinal crease futhi sinikezelwa ukuhlushwa, ngemuva kwalokho okumele kuzalwe khona.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamagama kanye namasosha
Ukukhishwa kwamagama kwe-placenta kwenziwa ngokungahambi kahle kwezindlela ezingaphandle noma ngokusola kwezinsalela ezitholakala emgodini ngemuva kokubeletha. Izinkomba zokuhlukaniswa okuvamile kwe-placenta ziphuma esigabeni sesithathu sokusebenza lapho kungekho khona izimpawu zokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta. Isibonakaliso sesibili ukungabikho kokuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-30 ngokungahambi kahle kwezindlela zangaphandle zokuhlukanisa i-placenta.
Ikhono lokususwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-placenta
Ngesandla sokunxele, izindlela zokhokho zihanjiswa, futhi ilungelo lifakwa emgodini wesibeletho, futhi, kusukela ekuqaleni kombundu wesisu, i-placenta ihlukaniswe nokunyakaza kwe-sawing. Isibhedlela kufanele sibambe phansi kwesibeletho ngesandla sakhe sokunxele. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Manual ye-uterine cavity kuyenziwa nangemva kokubeletha okuhlukanisiwe neziphambeko ezibonakalayo, ngokuphuma kwegazi esigabeni sesithathu sokusebenza.
Ngemva kokufunda kusobala ukuthi, naphezu kwesikhashana sesimiso sokusebenza, udokotela akufanele aphumule. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola ngokucophelela emva kokushisa okuqhelile futhi uqiniseke ngobuqotho bayo. Uma ngemuva kokubeletha, izingxenye ze-placenta zihlala esibelethweni, lokhu kungaholela ekucindezeni ukuphuma kwamanzi nokuvuvukala esikhathini sokuhamba kwesikhathi.