E- Estonia, ukuxhumana okungenakuphazamiseka kwengxoxo kuye kwasungulwa kokubili nezifundazwe ngaphakathi kwezwe lakubo, kanye nezinhloko eziningi zomhlaba namadolobha amakhulu. Ezinye izikhumulo zezindiza e-Estonia zinesikhathi esidlule saseSoviet, ngemva kokushiya isakhiwo seNyunyana, izakhiwo zokuphatha, izindiza, izindiza nezinqola zemoto ziye zavuselelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi zavuselelwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zanamuhla.
Izikhumulo zezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe ase-Estonia
I-Estonia yanamuhla ikhonza izikhumulo zezindiza ezinhlanu, ezintathu zazo ziyizizwe ngezizwe. Njengoba leli zwe likwazi ukufinyelela eLwandle LwaseBaltic, iFinnish neGulf of Riga , lihlanganisa iziqhingi zaseSaarema neLaumaa, kubalulekile ukuba nezindiza ezivame ukuxhumana neziqhingi nezwekazi.
Izikhumulo zezindiza zamazwe ase-Estonia zihambisana nazo zonke izindinganiso zokwamukelwa nokugcinwa kwezindiza ezide kakhulu. Insizakalo ye-Estonian Air Navigation inomhlaba wonke futhi igada ngokucophelela ukuphepha nekhwalithi yesevisi yabashayeli.
1. Isikhumulo sezindiza saseTallinn . Isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni liyizindiza enkulu yaseTallinn - Iulemiste. Itholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha, nje 4 km ukusuka enkabeni yedolobha. Isikhathi sokuqala savulwa futhi saqala ukusebenza ngo-1936, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi eziningi zokuvuselelwa ziye zahlelwa, futhi ngonyaka ka-2009 kwavuselelwa ngokuphelele, ngemva kwalokho kwaba omunye wezindiza eziningana ezinkulu eYurophu. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kokugcina, isikhumulo sezindiza sanikezwa isimo esiphezulu sezindiza e-Estonia, esabizwa ngamengameli wezwe elilodwa - uLennart Mary.
Akukude ne-Yulemiste yi-seaport enkulu yezwe. Isikhumulo sezindiza sinemikhakha ehlukile:
- Ihlonywe ngomgwaqo owodwa ode ubude obungama-3500 m nobubanzi obungama-45 m, kusukela esibulalayo esikhulu kunamasango angu-8 abagibeli abafika kuwo.
- I-Airport ye-Tallinn iyakwazi ukwamukela izindiza ezincane eziphakathi, njengeBoing 737-300 / 500 ne-Airbus A320, kanye nemikhumbi emikhulu ye-Boeing-747.
- Ngonyaka isikhumulo sezindiza sikwazi ukukhonza abagibeli abangaba ngu-2 million.
- Kwakhiwa isiteleka esikhulu sabashayeli beMoglimpiki eMoscow ngo-1980, futhi kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2008, lesi sigameko sakhiwa kabusha, okwakunikeza amandla amaningi nokukwazi ukubhekana nokugeleza kwezivakashi ezweni elifika lapha ngemuva kokuba i-Estonia ijoyine i-EU.
Nge-airport ulemiste kukhona insizakalo yokuthutha umphakathi, ngakho amabhasi 2 no-65 angatholakala kalula phakathi nendawo yedolobha.
2. Isikhumulo sezindiza saseTartu . I-Tartu yidolobha elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Estonia. Isikhumulo sezindiza somuzi sakhiwa ngo-1946 eduze nomuzi waseYulenurme, yingakho kusalokhu kungabizwa ngokungafanele ngegama lendawo yokuhlala. Itholakala ku-9 km ukusuka phakathi kweTartu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside emva kokuba u-Estonia esuke e-USSR esikhumulweni sezindiza saseTartu kwakungekho izindiza ezivamile, kwakubhekwa njengezindiza ezengeziwe emhlabeni wonke e-Estonia. Ngemuva kuka-2009, izindiza ezivamile zeFlybe Nordic eFinland eziphindwe kasithupha ngesonto ezivela ensimini yayo.
Isigameko esisha se-Yulenurme esakhiwe ngo-1981, futhi kakade ngo-2005 lesi sibulali saqalwa kabusha futhi ubude bomgwaqo banda ngo-1800 m.
Akude neze esikhumulweni sezindiza saseTartu yi-Estonian Aviation Academy.
3. Isikhumulo sezindiza sasePärnu . Isikhumulo sezindiza sisendaweni encane ukusuka edolobheni lasePärnu, lakhiwa ngo-1939. Ngemva kokungena e-Estonia e-USSR, isikhumulo sezindiza sasePärnu sasetshenziswa njengesiteleka sezindiza. Kodwa kusukela ehlobo lika-1992, uMnyango wezokuVikela wase-Estonia osanda kuqokwa uthathe isinqumo sokudlulisela isikhumulo sezindiza ngezidingo zezindiza zomphakathi. Kuze kube ngu-1997, kwakhiwa izakhiwo zomgwaqo nezokuphatha.
Namuhla isikhumulo sezindiza sePärnu senza izindiza ezivamile ngaphakathi ezweni kanye nokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe neSweden, ukuthatha futhi ukuthatha izindiza ukuya eStockholm masonto onke.
4. Isikhumulo sezindiza saseKuressaare . Isikhumulo sezindiza sase-Estonia e-Kuressaare sihamba ngezindiza zasendlini, sise-Saaremaa. Ukuvulwa kwakhe okusemthethweni kwaba ngo-1945, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kabusha kwakhiwa kancane kancane. Isakhiwo samanje sendawo yokugcina abagibeli savulwa ngo-1962. Namuhla, iKuressaare ikhiqiza ukuhamba okuvamile okuhlanganisa isiqhingi nenhloko-dolobha kahulumeni, kanti futhi phakathi nenkathi yezokuvakasha iqala kabusha izindiza eya esiqhingini sase-Estonia saseRuhnu.
5. I- Kärdla Airport . Isikhumulo sezindiza saseKärdla sisesiqhingini sesibili esikhulu se-Estonia sase-Hiiumaa, esiseduze nedolobhana laseKärdla enegama elifanayo. Yavulwa ngo-1963 futhi yakhuthelekela eTallinn , Tartu , Vormsi, Haapsalu , Kaunas, Murmansk naseRiga . Ngemva kokuba u- Estonia athole ukuzimela, i-Kärdla Airport yanciphisa inani lezindiza. Namuhla le ndawo yokugcina umoya isebenza ngokushelelayo futhi njalo, ithatha izindiza ezivela eTallinn.