Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePeninsula yaseBalkan yizwe elizintaba laseBosnia naseHerzegovina . Indawo engama-90% yizintaba zezindawo ezihlukahlukene, ngaphezu kwendawo yayo yi-12.2 km² yolwandle, ngakho-ke iBosnia neHerzegovina inayo yonke imithombo yokuvakasha . Njalo ngonyaka amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezivakashi avakashela leli zwe.
Izikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba wonke
Kunezikhumulo ezine zezindiza ezweni, ezintathu zazo ziyizwe lonke. Ngosizo lwabo, iBosnia neHerzegovina bayamukela izindiza ezivela ezinhlokweni zezwe ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Ngendlela, ukufika kusuka eMoscow kuya eBosnia naseHerzegovina kwenziwa ngezindiza enkulu.
I-Sarajevo. Okokuqala kuyadingeka ukuthi usho ngokuqondisa kwemali - isiteleka sezindiza saseSarajevo . Kwavulwa cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule - ngo-1930. Khona-ke ibhanoyi elingahambi kahle lamukele izindiza kuphela ezifuywayo. Isikhumulo sezindiza sasinekhefu elide, elixhunyaniswe nempi yezempi. Isikhumulo sezindiza saqala ukuthola izindiza futhi ngo-1996. Ngalo nyaka izwe laqala ukuthuthukisa ibhizinisi lezivakashi futhi kwakukhona abantu abaningi abafuna ukuyivakashela. Ngo-2005, kuhlaselwa isisulu sezindiza, njengoba uhulumeni ehlongozwa ukuyiqamba kabusha ngokuhlonipha u-Aliya Izetbegovic, umongameli wokuqala waseBosnia. Kodwa uMmeli oPhezulu ophikisana naye wayephikisa, ekhomba ukuthi kwakungewona abantu baseBosnia ukuqonda lokhu, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuxabana. Ngenxa yalokho, igama lesikhumulo sezindiza lahlala lingashintshi. Ngonyaka ka-2015, kunesidingo sokuvuselela ukugcina umgibeli, okwenziwe. Isikhumulo sezindiza siseduze kakhulu nomuzi, u-6 km ukusuka eSarajevo , ukuze ufike esikhumulweni sezindiza futhi usheshe futhi ungabizi kahle.
2. Tuzla. Isikhumulo sezindiza sesibili emhlabeni jikelele iTuzla , esiseduze nomuzi ofanayo osempumalanga yeBosnia. Ubungqayizivele besikhumulo sezindiza ukuthi wamukela izindiza zomphakathi ezisuka ku-06: 00 kuya ku-20: 00. Umlando wesikhumulo sezindiza akuyona into engavamile echwebeni lomoya, ngoba kungekudala kakhulu iTuzla kwakuyi-airfield enkulu kunazo zonke e-Yugoslavia. Kusukela ngo-1998, Isikhumulo sezindiza samazwe ngamazwe sesivele sabantu, kanti i-airbase eTuzla iyaqhubeka isebenza.
3. Ibhotela-umnsalo. Isikhumulo sezindiza yesithathu emhlabeni wonke i- Banja Luka . Kuyinto yesibili ngobukhulu futhi etholakala enyakatho-empumalanga yezwe, amakhilomitha angu-23 ukusuka emzini waseBanja Luka . Isikhumulo sezindiza saziwa nangokuthi iMakhovlyani, ngoba nje eduze kwalo yiyona idolobha elifanayo.
Ukugcina kwesikhumbuzo sezindiza kwenzeka ngo-2003, lapho kuhambela uPapa John Paul II. Kodwa nokho, kubonakala kunamuhla futhi akubangeli ukungathembeki.
Inkundla yezindiza ye Mostar
Ema-airfield amane eBosnia naseHerzegovina, omunye wabo uyisikhulu - yi-Mostar. Ngokuyinhloko, kuthatha abahambeli abaya eMedjugorje , edume ngomcimbi omangalisayo okwenzeka phakathi nekhulu lama-20. U- Mostar wamukela izindiza zezinkathi zonyaka ezivela eBari, eRome, eBeramo, eNaples, eMilan naseBeirut. Amalungiselelo kahulumeni waseBosnia yokwandisa isikhumulo sezindiza futhi avuselele izinsizakalo zawo zomhlaba.