Isifo se-Lyme singenye ye-pathologies evamile kakhulu esithathelwanayo ekhishwa ngamakhiza. Izigameko zokutheleleka zilotshwe njalo emazweni amaningi ase-Asia naseYurophu, kuhlanganise neyethu, kanti iphesenti yokukhubazeka nokufa okubangelwa yilesi sifo akuyona encane.
Iyini isifo seLyme kubantu?
I-pathology engathí sina, engabangela ngisho nokuklanywa kwekhaktha elilodwa - i-borreliosis. Kubizwa nangokuthi yisifo seLyme, sokuqala esibhalisiwe futhi sachazwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40 edlule e-USA edolobheni laseLaim. Kwabe sekutholakala ukuthi iziguli eziningana zine "arthritis ye-juvenile rheumatoid arthritis", futhi ngemva kokucwaninga okuchungechunge, ososayensi baqala ukuxhuma lesi sifo ngokulunywa komuthi.
Thepha i-borreliosis isifo se-polysystemic esiyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo ene-pathogenesis eyinkimbinkimbi, eziningi zazo ezihlukanisiwe njengezifo ezizimele, futhi eziningi zezimpawu zihlukaniswa njenge-syndromes ye-etiology engacacile. Uma usulelekile, isikhumba sithintekile, isimiso se-musculoskeletal, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, isimiso senhliziyo.
Isifo se-Lyme iyinhlangano ye-causative
Thepha i-borreliosis (isifo se-Lyme) kubangelwa ama-microorganisms aseBelrelia (oda i-spirochetes). Lawa angama-bacteria amade, amancane afana nesifubeni, ahlela, ikakhulukazi emzimbeni we-ixodic mites, emathunjini lapho kutholakala khona lezi zinambuzane. Ama-pathogens atholakale nasezicukwaneni zomzimba wezinkomo, ama-rodents, izinyoni, izinja nezinye izilwane.
Amathikithi - umthombo omkhulu wokutheleleka, kusuka kubo ezimweni eziningi, abantu banesandulela ngculaza. Ama-bacterium anomuncu namathe amkhiwe yi-tick, ngakho-ke i-borreliosis ingahlakulela ngisho noma inambuzane elelekile ihlaba, futhi uma okuqukethwe emathunjini ayo kudlula i-microtrauma encane uma kwenzeka ukuchoboza i-parasite. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amathuba okuba nesifo ancike kwinani lama-bacteria asele.
Ungakwazi "ukuthatha" umkhawulo ehlathini, epaki lehlathi, emadlelweni, njll. Lezi zinambuzane ze-bloodsucking ngokuvamile zilinde "isisulu", sinamathele eqabeni lesitshalo, i-shrub, ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kuka-1.5m ukusuka emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile bawela endlini nezilwane ezifuywayo, banamathele koboya babo. Isigameko esiyinhloko sisuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba, lapho lezi zinambuzane zinesigaba esisebenzayo.
Isifo seLyme - isigaba
Isifo sama-Lyme (borreliosis) nokuthuthukiswa kwayo okujwayelekile kuhamba ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Isigaba I - inqubo yendawo evuthayo yokuvuvukala neyokugula, lapho amabhaktheriya ngemuva kokungenwa kwezinambuzane ungena emigqeni yesikhumba;
- Isigaba II - ukusakaza (ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, izinyanga) - ukusakazwa kokutheleleka ngegazi nangomlenze wesimiso kusuka kwisayithi sokwethulwa kwezitho zangaphakathi ezihlukene, izilonda zamalunga, amalunga;
- ISIQEPHU - ukuphikelela (ezinyangeni ezingu-1-12 emva kokuphela kwesigaba sesibili) - ngokutheleleka okwesikhashana emzimbeni, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kubandakanyeka enkambisweni yokuvuvukala, isilonda esiyinhloko senye yezinhlaka singabonwa.
Izimpawu ze-Borreliosis
Isikhathi sokugubha ukutheleleka ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-7-10, ngezinye izikhathi kancane noma ngaphezulu (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30). Lapho isifo se-Lyme siqala, izimpawu esiteshini sokuqala azihlali ziphazamisa umuntu njalo ziphoqeleka ukuba zibonane nodokotela, abaningi baziphathele ukuboniswa kwemakhaza, umkhuhlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke iziguli ezikhumbuza isiqephu esilandelayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi siyaqaphela.
Izimpawu ze-borreliosis ngemuva kokukhipha umklomelo
Isibonakaliso sokuqala esiqhakazile, esilandelwa yisifo seLyme ngemuva kokulunywa umkhakhamela esimweni se-erythematous (kuma-70% wamacala) ukubonakala kwisayithi lezilonda zendawo ejikelezayo noma e-oval redinging, kancane kancane ukwandisa nokuzihlanganisa nezicubu ezingenakuqhathaniswa nomngcele obomvu obomvu. Ubukhulu bebala elibomvu lingahlukahluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-60 cm, okungaxhomeki ebubini besifo. Isikhungo se-erythema sihlanganisiwe, sibalahlekile noma si-bluish. Endaweni ebomvu, ukukhathazeka okuncane, ukuhlambalaza, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela kwesikhumba kungabonakala.
Ezinye izibonakaliso ze-borreliosis ezinkathini zokuqala zingafaka:
- ukushisa komzimba okuphakeme (kufika ku-39-40 ° C);
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukukhathala;
- ukuqina komfutho wezintamo;
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- Ukushushiswa emqaleni;
- i-rhinitis encane;
- ikhanda;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa iso;
- ukuqhuma ebusweni;
- ubuhlungu esibindi.
Kwezinye izimo, lezi zimpawu zikhona ngaphandle kokubonakala kobomvu kuzungeze indawo yokuluma. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, lezi zibonakaliso ziyancipha noma zinyamalale, ngisho noma lesi sifo singelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuzithokozisa okuzenzekelayo kuzinzile. Uma kungenjalo, i-pathology iyaqhubeka, idlula esigabeni esingapheli noma ifomu elijwayelekile elibandakanya izitho ezithile noma izinhlelo. Izimpawu ezengeziwe zixhomeke endaweni yokutheleleka:
1. Uma kwenzeka kunqotshwa isimiso se-musculoskeletal:
- ubuhlungu emahlangothini ezinhlangothini ezihlukahlukene zomzimba;
- shintsha umthwalo;
- ukuvinjelwa kokunyakaza emajoyini.
2. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala kwenhliziyo:
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo;
- ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca nokuphumula;
- ubuhlungu obucindezelayo enhliziyweni .
3. Uma isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sithinteka:
- ukunciphisa ukunyakaza okungaqondakali;
- ukukhuphuka okukhulu noma ukucindezeleka;
- ukukhunjulwa kwenkumbulo, ukugxila kokunakwa;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukukhubazeka kwesibindi sebuso ;
- ukunqotshwa kwe-oculomotor, i-auditory, i-optic nererve.
4. Uma ubuchopho bonakalisiwe:
- ukukhanda ikhanda ;
- isiyezi;
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- i-photophobia;
- ukuwohloka kokuzwa, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunzima bokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesifo seLyme kungabandakanya ukwakheka kwesicathulo se-lymphocytoma - i-nodule eyodwa noma ukungena ngaphakathi noma ukusabalalisa. Ngokuvamile lezi zakhiwo, ezibuhlungu kakhulu futhi ezinombala obomvu ogqamile, ziyabonakala ezindlebeni ze-lobes, izingono kanye nama-asolas ezinhlambini ze-mammary, ubuso, izitho zangasese.
Isifo se-Lyme - ukuxilongwa
Thepha i-borreliosis, izimpawu zazo ezihlukile ku-polymorphism, ayitholakali kalula, ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zamuva. Ukuxilongwa okunokwethenjelwa komtholampilo kungasungulwa kuphela uma kubonakala ukubonakaliswa kwe-erythematous ngemuva kokumangaza, okuyisimpawu esiyinhloko sesifo. Khona-ke asikho isidingo sokucwaninga nge-laboratory.
Ukuze unqume uma umkhaza onomlenze usulelekile, ngemuva kokususwa esikhumbeni ungathathwa ku-laboratory ukuhlolwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, le nambuzane ifakwa embizeni engilazi ngaphansi kwesihlava, lapho kufanele uqale ubeke ucezu loboya bekotini olulwe emanzini. Kunengqondo ukwenza lokhu, uma kungapheli usuku oludlulile kusukela umkhaza ususiwe, le nambuzane iyaphila futhi iphelele.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-borreliosis
Isifo se-Lyme esifundeni sesibili nesesithathu singatholakala ngokuhlaziywa okuqondile kwegazi elimnyama, lapho inani elithile liqukethe ukutheleleka kwe-borreliosis. Esigabeni sokuqala, akuvamile ukubona amabhaktheriya ebhokisatri. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-borreliosis kungenziwa ngokulandela izindlela ezilandelayo:
- i-polymerase chain reaction - ukuthola izingcezu zeDNA noma i-RNA ye-pathogen;
- i-enzyme immunoassay - ukuthola ama-antibodies eklasini IgM ne-IgG;
- ukusabela okungaqondakali kahle kwe-fluorescence - ukuhlaziywa kwe-serological kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto ezinama-antibodies ezibhalwe phansi.
I-borreliosis ephathekayo-ukwelashwa
Uma i-borreliosis itholakale, ukwelashwa, okokuqala, kusho ukuthatha ama-antibiotics, lapho uBorrelia ezwa khona. Iziguli ezinezifo ezinzima kakhulu futhi ezilinganiselayo zihlala esibhedlela, futhi ngenxa yamacala amancane, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesineke. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ngaphezu kokuqeda ukutheleleka, kufanele ucabangele ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo, mayelana nokuthi amaqembu anjalo angabekwa kanjani lawo maqembu:
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory (indomethacin, naproxen);
- ama-analgesics (i-Baralgin, i-Maxigana);
- i-glucocorticosteroids (i-Prednisolone);
- izidakamizwa zenhliziyo (Cavinton, Trental);
- antihistamines (Claritin, Suprastin);
- antioxidants (Solcoseryl, Actovegin);
- kusho ukuthuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-neuromuscular (Prozerin, Oksazil);
- i-diuretics (i-Furosemide);
- imikhiqizo ye-detoxification (Atoxil, i-albinin), njll.
Izindlela ezingezona ezemithi nazo zinconywa:
- ukuphuza okuningi;
- Izinqubo ze-Physiotherapeutic (i-phonophoresis, i-UV irradiation, i-magnetotherapy);
- i-hydrotherapy;
- ukusikhipha;
- ukuvivinya umzimba.
I-Borreliosis - ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics
Indlela yokwelapha isifo seLyme ngama-antibiotics, ngokusho ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokubamba, yimuphi umthamo, isikhathi esingakanani, esinqunywe yisigaba sesifo kanye nezimpawu ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwesifo seLyme kudinga amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-4, futhi izidakamizwa ezinjalo zingahle zenziwe:
- I-tetracycline, i-Amoxicillin, i-Doxycycline, i-Azithromycin - esiteji sami sesifo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwesikhumba;
- I-Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone, i-Benzylpenicillin, i-Levomycetin - enezimpawu ze-neurologic;
- Ceftriaxone, i-Penicillin G, i-Doxycycline, i-Amoxicillin - enezimpawu zomzimba kanye nomonakalo ohlangene.
Izifo ze-Lyme - imiphumela
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele, imiphumela ye-borreliosis ingaba kanje:
- Izinguquko ezihlangene eziguqukayo;
- ukukhubazeka;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwe-myocardium;
- ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa, ukubona;
- izicubu endaweni yokuluma;
- ukuwohloka komqondo, njll.
Ukuvimbela i-borreliosis
Kuze kube manje, isifo se-Lyme asikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokugoma. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela isifo seLyme kwenziwa ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthola uphawu emzimbeni, okuqinisekiswa yi:
- sigqoke izingubo zokukhanya ezimboza umzimba ngangokunokwenzeka, uma ufaka uhlobo;
- besebenzisa amakhemikhali aphikisayo;
- ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile izingubo nomzimba ukuze kube khona amakhiza.
I-Borreliosis - i-post-bite prophylaxis
Ukuthi lesi sifo borreliosis asizange siphume ngemuva kokulunywa komuthi, kufanele kube:
- Khipha kancane umuthi , gcoba ukulunywa ngesisombululo se-iodine;
- Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha;
- Ngokusho kwesimiso sikadokotela, kungakapheli usuku lwesihlanu ngemva kokulunywa, i-antibiotic prophylaxis ephuthumayo kufanele yenziwe (ngokuvamile ngeDoxycycline noma Ceftriaxone).
Indlela yokususa isitifiketi ngokufanele, ungabona ividiyo: