Izibungu ezinganeni - izimpawu nokuphathwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-helminthiosis

Wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuzivikela ngama-parasites, kodwa ikakhulukazi izingane zihlupheka ngenxa yazo, kanti ngesikhathi sasehlobo ingozi ikhulu kakhulu. Izinambuzane zinezinhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa zonke zinomthelela omubi empilweni. Abazali kudingeka bazi ukuthi iziphi izibungu ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo esinjalo njenge-helminthiasis, sizocubungula.

Izinhlobo zezibungu kubantu

Emhlabeni wethu kukhona izimbungu ezingu-12000 (nazo zibizwa nangokuthi helminths). Bahlala enhlabathini, ekudleni nasezilwaneni, kanti emzimbeni womuntu kungaphila izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200. Ama-parasites kufanele ahlale enezivakashi futhi ngokuvamile akhethe izingane zabo endaweni yazo. Lapho ingane ifunda umhlaba, uthanda konke okukuyo, ngakho uhlale engozini.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezibungu ezinganeni ziyi-nematodes noma ama-roundworms. Lokhu kufaka:

1. I-Ascaris - imbangela ascariasis. I-Helminths inkulu futhi ingakwazi ukufinyelela ubude obungama-40 cm. I-parasitize i-tract emathunjini kanye namathumbu amancane.
2. Izimpungushe - zibangelwa i-enterobiosis. Izinambuzane zincane (ezingaphansi kwe-1 cm ubude) futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala. Ama-helminths anjalo ahlala emantwaneni e-cecum noma emathunjini amancane. Umjikelezo wabo wokuphila ungaphezulu kwamasonto amane.
3. I-Cestodoza yi-ribbon izibungu eziphazamisa emathunjini nasezikhungweni ezihlukahlukene. Izihluthulelo zibangelwa izifo ezinjengezithunzi, i-echinococcosis, i-hymenolepiasis, i-tenierhinchiasis ne-diphyllobothriasis.
4. I-Trematodoses yizibungu ezincane noma ama-trematodes. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhamba kwekati, i-leucochloridium ephazamisayo, i-schistosome. Ama-parasites akhipha izifo ezinjenge-fascioliasis ne-opisthorchiasis.

Izindlela zokutheleleka ngezibungu

Ngokusho kwezibalo zezokwelapha ezisemthethweni, izibungu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2 ubudala nasenkulisa izingane eziya ezifundeni zemfundo zitholakala kuma-80% amacala. Lezi zibalo ezisemthethweni zibhaliswe nalabo bantwana abahlolwayo. I-Helminths isebenzisa zonke izindlela zokungena emzimbeni womuntu. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka yizi:

• izandla ezingcolile noma ukuxhumana nezilwane ezinegciwane;

• izithelo noma imifino ehlanjwe kabi;
• amanzi aluhlaza;
• inhlanzi noma inyama ephathwa kahle.

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi ingane inezibungu?

Ukuze uphendule umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iziphi izibungu ezinganeni (izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kunqunywe yizinhlobo ze-helminths), kubalulekile ukwazi indlela ukutheleleka kwenzeke ngayo nokuthi yisiphi isitho sangaphakathi izidumbu eziye zawela. Ngokuvamile abazibonisi ngokwabo nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi lesi sifo siqhubeka ngendlela evulekile, ngakho-ke udokotela akakwazi ukucacisa ukuba khona kwabo njalo. I-Helminths ihlala emzimbeni womuntu iminyaka nemashumi eminyaka, ivumelane nezimo ezingathandeki kakhulu.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zezibungu ezinganeni zingaba kanje:

• isicashunwe ekuseni;
• ukuhlunga;
• ikhanda;
• i-bruxism - yi-creaking yamazinyo ephusheni;
• salivation ebusuku;
• isiyezi;
• i-polyps ekhaleni;
• ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese;
• ubuhlungu besikhathi esizungeze inkaba;
• izimvu zezimvu, uhudo, noma ukuqotshwa;
• ukunciphisa ukudla;
• i-pallor yesikhumba.

Uma uthola okungaphezu kwezinhlanu kulezi zimpawu kumntanakho, kufanelekile ukuphakamisa ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic. Umuntu ngamunye angaba ngumthwali we-helminths ahlukene, aphikisayo emzimbeni futhi aholele ekudakeni nasezikhungweni ezimbi. Uma izibungu zivulwa, izimpawu zingashintsha. Uma usola izibungu ezinganeni, izimpawu zingabonakalisa ezibonakalweni zangaphandle:

• "Ama-pimples" (amaqabunga) ezinkalweni noma eziphambili;
• izibungu nemibuthano ngaphansi kwamehlo;
• ukucima kuqala;
• ukungabi nesisindo somzimba;
• izipikili ezinamahloni nezinwele;
• ukukhubazeka kokukhula;
• ukusabela okweqile.

Izibungu ezinganeni zingathinta isimiso sezinzwa:

• izingane ziyathukuthela;
• ukunciphisa ukunakwa;
• ukulahlekelwa kwama-assiduity;
• ukulala okuphazamisayo.

Yini izibungu ezibukeka sengathi ziyingane?

Ngokuvamile abazali abasha banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthola izimpethu emanzini omntwana. Eqinisweni, ukuqaphela emanzini wezingane kungaba kuphela izibungu ezinkulu. Ama-parasites ashiya isidumbu emzimbeni, lapho kukhona abantu abambalwa kuphela. Uma ubona ukungcola kwamanye amazwe, kungcono ukubonisana nochwepheshe bese uhlola ukukhipha ukutholakala kwama-parasites.

Ihlaziya izimpethu ezinganeni

Lapho abazali besolwa izibungu ezinganeni, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuxhomeke esigabeni sesifo. Ukuze unqume ukuxilongwa, kudingeka uthathe ingane yakho ku-gastroenterologist noma ngodokotela wezingane. Udokotela uqhuba ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko futhi ukhetha ucwaningo, oluhlanganisa:

• i-enzyme immunoassay - kusiza ukuqaphela ezihlukahlukene zesibungu kanye nobukhona bayo, ngoba lo mntwana uthatha igazi emithanjeni engenalutho;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngenxa ye-helminths enganeni - izinkomba eziyinhloko ziyi: inani lama- eosinophil , ukutholakala kwe-anemia kanye nenkomba yombala;
• ukuhlunga, ukugcoba nge-enterobiosis - ethathwe ku-anus;
• Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwezilwane zamaqanda kanye ne-dysbiosis - kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zezibungu azishiyi njalo amaqanda;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-tomography, i-rayography noma ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound - kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale khona izibungu emzimbeni womuntu.

Izibungu izingane - ukuthi benzeni?

Ngemuva kokuthi ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe, udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa kwezibungu ezinganeni, izidakamizwa kufanele ziqondane ngqo nodokotela), ukhuluma ngezindlela zomuntu kanye nemikhiqizo efanelekile ukululama ngokushesha. Abazali kufanele bazi ukuthi abakwazi ukunikeza izingane zabo imithi yedwa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni engenakuguqulwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuphuthumise isimo somntwana.

Uma ungazi ukuthi ungabhubhisa kanjani izibungu ezinganeni, bese uthintana nodokotela ozokutshela izigaba eziningana zokwelapha. Zihlanganisa:

• Ukulungiswa komzimba - kulokhu, bhala ama-sorbents (Smecta, Enterignin) nama-antihistamine (uDiazolin, Suprastin);
• ukwelashwa kwe-anthelmintic - amalungiselelo wendabuko kusuka ezigulini, okungaba ngendlela yamathebulethi, ama-suppository noma ukumisa okwesikhashana;
• Ukuhlanzwa komzimba - amalungiselelo, ama-choleretic amalungiselelo noma ama-sorbents.

Ukwelashwa kwezibungu ezinganeni kuyenzeka ekhaya, uma kungekho izinkinga ngendlela yezilonda ezithathelwanayo. Ngesikhathi sonke ingane kufanele ilandele ukudla okukhethekile. Ngemuva kokuqala kokwelapha, ingane iphinda ihlolwe futhi ihlolwa. Uma bephinde babonise ukuthi kukhona izidumbu emzimbeni, izidakamizwa zibekiwe futhi.

Amathebulethi avela ezibungu zezingane

Okwamanje, kunezidakamizwa eziningana ezisiza ukuqeda helminths. Zitholakala amaphilisi futhi zenzelwe izinsana. Amalungiselelo asebenza kahle kakhulu kwezibungu izingane:

• I-Kombantrin noma i-Helmintox;
• Ukugula noma i-Albendazole;
• I-Vermox noma i-Mebendazole.

Ukumiswa kusuka ezibungwini zezingane

Uma ngabe ingane yakho isencane futhi ayikwazi ukuphuza amaphilisi, ukumiswa okwenziwe ngokukhethekile kuzomsebenzela. Imithi ephumelela kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Piperazine iyimithi yezibungu izingane, ezithinta izibungu kanye namaqanda;
• I-Pirantel - lesi sidakamizwa sithathwa nge-course ngekhefu lamaviki amabili.

Amakhambi omphakathi ngezimpethu ezinganeni

Ngosizo lomuthi wendabuko, awukwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele izidumbu, kodwa ungakwazi ukuvimbela imishanguzo nokusheshisa ukwelashwa. Isixazululo sezimpethu zezingane kufanele sithathwe ngokucophelela futhi kuphela ngemvume kadokotela. Imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:

• i-garlic;
• imbewu yamathambo;
• ijusijolo;
• amafutha yemifino;
• infusions of celandine nomhlonyane noma tansy.

Ukuvimbela izingane ezinambuzane ezinganeni

Bonke abazali kufanele bazi ukuthi amaphilisi ezimpethu zezingane zokuvimbela anganikezwa ukwakha i-microflora ekhethekile, lapho i-helminths engeke ibe khona khona.

Ukuze ungenwa yi-parasites, kuyadingeka:

1. Gcina imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu.
2. Geza izandla nesepha emva kwendlu yangasese bese uhamba.
3. Ukulwa nezimpukane.
4. Buka ukuhlanzeka kwama-pacifiers namathoyizi.
5. Ukwenqaba izingubo nezelineni.
6. Qaphela ngokucophelela ukudla.

Kuncike eminyakeni yobudala bomntwana, kunomthelela ku- prophylaxis yezimpethu ezinganeni , izidakamizwa ziqala ukuhlinzeka kuphela emva kwezinyanga ezingu-6. Kungaba:

• Nempilo;
• I-Mebex;
• I-Combantrin.