Isibeletho sesisu yisisungu esiyinhloko sesimiso sokuzala. Kungukuzalwa kokuphila okusha, ukuthuthukiswa nokuvuthwa kwe-fetus. Isibeletho, kanye nama-appendages, sakha isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esilawula umsebenzi wezinye izitho kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba, inquma inhlalakahle yowesifazane.
Isibeletho senziwe kanjani?
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesisu sesisu sihlukile. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba uhamba ngokushintshwa kwansuku zonke. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo sakhe, isitho sinezinhlobo ezintathu zezicubu:
- Isendlalelo esiphezulu yi-perimeter. Ihlanganisa isitho kusuka ngaphandle, ukuvimbela ukuthi ingalimala.
- Isendlalelo esiphakathi yi-myometrium. Imelelwa izinqwaba zemisipha nezimbambo ezixhunyiwe, ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Le ndawo ichaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isitho sobulili sikhulise kakhulu ngobukhulu ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ama-physiologists athi i-myometrium fibers yiyona enamandla kunazo zonke emzimbeni wesifazane onemizimba ekwazi ukubhekana nemithwalo esindayo.
- Ingqimba yangaphakathi i-endometrial (isebenza). Ngokuqondile lolu lendlalelo ludlala indima enkulu ekukhulelweni - kufakwa kuwo futhi iqanda lomntwana likhula kulo. Uma ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, amangqamuzana e-endometrili aqala ukufa futhi ashiye isikhumba sesibindi kanye nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Uphi isizalo sowesifazane?
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitho zokuzala zabesifazane, isibeletho, ikakhulukazi, sinokuhamba okuthile. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, ukudweba komzimba kungashintsha kancane futhi kuxhomeke kwisigaba sokuphila esithile (ukubeletha, ukukhulelwa). Ngokuvamile lesi sibeletho sisekugcineni kwesilwane esincane, phakathi kwe-rectum nesinye. Iphikisiwe kancane, futhi ezinhlangothini zombili ezinhlangothini zayo zisekela imigqa evimbela isitho ekunciphiseni, ukuhlinzeka ukuhamba kwesigungu.
Ngenxa yezinsimbi zomzimba, isisu sesifazane sikwazi ukushintsha kancane indawo yaso. Ngakho, ngokugcwele isithombeni, isitho siphenduka emuva, futhi uma irectum igcwele, qhubeka phambili. Ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endaweni yesikhumba kubonakala lapho ingane izalwa. Ukukhula kombungu akusikho kuphela ukunyuka komthamo wesitho sofuba, kodwa futhi kubangela ukuthi kudlule ngaphesheya kwesikhumba sesikhumba esincane.
Isibeletho sibonakala kanjani?
Ngemva kokuhlola okwesikhashana isimo sesisu esiswini sabesifazane, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isitho ngokwaso sibonakala sengathi iphakathi eliphakathi. Esikhathini isakhiwo somzimba kuwumkhuba wokwabiwa:
- phansi;
- umzimba;
- intamo.
Ngezansi ingxenyeni engenhla yelungu, i-convex, etholakala ngaphezu komugqa we-confluence esibelethweni se-tublopian tubes. Umzimba unesimo esivumelanayo, iyisigaba esiphakathi ingxenye yesitho. Ingxenye engezansi yesibeletho - intamo - ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: ingxenyeni yesifazane - ihamba emgodini wesifazane, kanti i-supra-vaginal - ingxenye engaphezulu engaphansi kwesigcawu sangasese. Endaweni yokuguqulwa komzimba entanyeni kukhona i-constriction, ebizwa ngokuthi i-isthmus. Ingxenyeni yama-vaginal inembobo emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho.
Imisebenzi yesibeletho
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesibeletho ukuzala. Lo mzimba uhlotshaniswa njalo nenqubo yokuzala. Ngokuqondile kuyo, imvelo encane ivela ngamaseli amabili ocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneminye imisebenzi eminye eyenziwa yisisu:
- Ukuvikela. Isitho yisithintelo ekusakazeni kwama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, ama-virus avela kulesiswini kuya ku-appendages.
- Ukuhlanza - nyanga zonke, kanye nokuzihlanza kwenyanga ngayinye komsele womlomo wesibeletho, ubulili nokugeleza kokuya esikhathini.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ekwenzeni ukukhulelwa - yisixhumanisi ngendlela ye-spermatozoa kusukela emgodini wesifazane ukuya embhedeni we-fallopian.
- Ubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokufakelwa.
- Uqinisa iphansi lezintambo kanye nezinsiza zalo ezinamandla.
Isibeletho sowesifazane - ubukhulu
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-parameter enjengobukhulu besibindi sesisu sinenani elikhethekile lokuxilonga. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa ivolumu yomzimba, udokotela angenza ukucabanga okuqala mayelana nokugula noma ukukhulelwa kakade esigabeni sokuqala sohlolo, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemishini. Ubukhulu besibeletho buyahlukahluka futhi buxhomeke ezintweni eziningana:
- ukutholakala kwamathambo kanye nezifo zesimiso sokuzala;
- ukukhulelwa nokubeletha;
- iminyaka yowesifazane.
Usayizi ojwayelekile wesibeletho sowesifazane ongenamuntu
Ukuthola izifo zesisu, ukusungulwa kobukhulu bomzimba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound. Le ndlela ye-hardware isiza ekunqumeni ngokunembile izinguquko zesakhiwo esithombeni, ukubeka indawo ngqo indawo yayo. Ubukhulu besibeletho bujwayelekile kumfazi ongenabantwana, okulandelayo:
- ubude - 7-8 cm;
- ububanzi obuphezulu buyi-5 cm;
- isisindo - cishe 50 g.
Ukulinganisa kwesibeletho ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhulelwa
Ukukhulelwa kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, ehambisana nokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus. Ukwandisa ngokuqondile usayizi wengane ezayo futhi kubangele ukwanda kwesibeletho, ivolumu yayo. Kulokhu, izinguquko zesakhiwo ekubunjweni kwezindonga zelungu zibhekwa: akukhona nje ukukhuphuka komzimba okwenziwe ngekhwalithi kodwa futhi nokwenyuka kwama-muscle fibers. Kulesi simo, isisu sesisu senyuka sonke isikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Emasontweni okuqala wokubeletha, isitho sobulili sigcina ifomu lakhe elimele, alishintshi usayizi walo, ngoba umbungu usengumncane. Kodwa-ke, ngenyanga yesibili ilungu lizuza ukuma, futhi ubukhulu besisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lukhuphuke izikhathi eziningana ngalesi sikhathi. Ubuningi besisu luyakhula, futhi ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubeletha kufinyelela cishe ku-1 kg! Ekuhloleni kwesinye owesifazane okhulelwe, udokotela usetha ukuphakama kokuma kwe-uterine fundus. Izinguquko kule parameter yamaviki okukhulelwa kuboniswa etafuleni elingezansi.
Ubukhulu besisu emva kokubeletha
Emva kokubeletha, isibeletho sesifazane siqala ukuphumula kancane kancane. Iyancipha ngesayizi, isisindo sayo sinciphisa. Le nqubo ithatha isilinganiso samasonto angu-6-8. Inqubo iyaqhubeka ngesivinini esisheshayo. Ngakho-ke ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala, ngosuku lwesi-6-7 emva kokubeletha, lesi sibeletho sinesisindo esingama-500-600 g, futhi kakade ngosuku lweshumi emva kokuvela komntwana ekukhanyeni - 300-400 g. Ngokujwayelekile ekupheleni kwesonto lesithathu isidumbu sinzima 200 ku
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo ye-involution inomlingiswa ngamunye. Ukubona ubukhulu besibeletho se-ultrasound, okujwayelekile okunikezwa ngezansi, odokotela bafinyelela iziphetho mayelana nokuvinjelwa kokuvuselelwa kohlelo lokuzala. Ukuchaza izici kuleli cala odokotela bathi:
- i-degree of uterine dilatation uma i- polyhydramnios ;
- ukukhulelwa okuningi ;
- isisindo somzimba wengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ubukhulu besibeletho ekumiseni kwesikhathi
Ukunqamuka kwesikhashana - isikhathi sokuqeda ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini, kuhambisane nezinguquko zomsebenzi nezakhi ngaphakathi kwesibeletho. Uhlelo lwe-hormonal luveza ama-hormone angaphansi amancane, ngenxa yokuthi i-endometrium iphela ukuvuthwa, amangqamuzana amasha ayasakhiwa. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ngobukhulu nobukhulu besitho socansi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngosayizi omncane wesibeletho ku-ultrasound.
Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokugcina, ngokusho kwezingcweti, umthamo wesisu sowesifazane usancishiswe ngama-35%. Kulesi simo, ngo-1-2 cm, ubukhulu bayo buyancipha ngobude nobubanzi. Ukuncipha ngobukhulu besitho sobulili kuyayeka ngemva kweminyaka engu-20-25 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuya esikhathini (ngeminyaka engu-70-80). Ngalesi sikhathi ilungu linama-3-4 cm kuphela.
Izifo zesibindi - uhlu
Izifo zesisu kubesifazane zingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kokubonwa odokotela, ngokuvamile ukuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kungukushintsha kwe-hormone emzimbeni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa imvamisa ephezulu yentuthuko yamathologi ohlelweni lokuzala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, emva kokubeletha nangesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Amagciwane amaningi esibelethweni yizinqubo zokuvuvukala nokutheleleka esithombeni socansi. Phakathi kwezifo ezivamile zalesi sitho kungabonakala:
- Izinqubo zokuvuvukala: i-metritis, i- endometritis , i-adnexitis.
- I-pathologies yentambo yesisu: ukukhukhula , i-ectopia, i-dysplasia, umdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Izimo ezinzima ezihlobene nesibindi: ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic , i-ovarian apoplexy, ukukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo.
- Izinqubo zesisu: i-myoma, i-fibroma.
I-pathologies ye-congenital yesibeletho
Izifo zesibindi ezivela esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwamabrionic ohlelweni lokuzala, ukubeka kwezitho zobulili, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital. Phakathi kwama-pathologies avamile kulolu hlobo lwesibalo kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphe okulandelayo:
- Isibeletho esinezinyosi ezimbili - sakhiwe ngenxa yokungahlanganisi izingxenye zeziteshi zeMüllerian. Kulesi simo, lezi zinhlobo zezifo ezihlukene zihlukaniswa:
- Isikhwama - icala uma kuphela umzimba phansi uhlukaniswe.
- Isibeletho esinama-septum angaphelele noma esiphelele - isimo asishintshi ngaphandle, noma kunjalo, i-septum ivela emgodleni, ngokuyinhloko noma ehlukanisa ngokuphelele.
- Umzimba ohlukile onentamo evamile yakha lapho ama-Müllerian fusions ehlangana esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho.
- Ukungabaza kwesibeletho - akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi umzimba wesisu uhlukaniswe, kodwa futhi intamo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zesisu
Izifo zamantombazane ezithathelwanayo ezibelethwe yilezi zifo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ze-pathology zalesi sitho. Bangakwazi ukuphakama e-banal engekho emgomweni wezimiso zokuhlanzeka. Ngokuvamile, ukusabalalisa kwe-agent ephathekayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kocansi, ngakho-ke abesifazane besifo seminyaka yokuzala banamathuba amaningi okuba nezifo. I-pathology ivame ukuhambisana nokushintshwa kwe-microflora, ngakho-ke kukhona uphawu olwengeziwe oluvumela ukukhomba ukwephulwa (ukubhekwa, ukushisa esifundeni se-perineal, i-hyperemia). Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane kukhona:
- I-Candidiasis;
- gardnerellez ;
- i-chlamydia;
- ureaplasmosis;
- i-herpes yesisu ;
- igciwane le-papilloma.
Izifo ezingokwemvelo zesisu
Izifo zesifazane zasesibelethweni, ezihambisana nezinqubo ezinjenge-tumor, zime eceleni kwazo zonke izifo zesifo sokuzala. Ezimweni eziningi, isici esicasulayo sokuthuthukiswa kwawo yizinqubo ezingavamile zokuvuvukala nezifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezibangelwa i-hormonal. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuthola lezi zindlela zokukhubazeka kungukuthi akukho isithombe esitholakala emtholampilo, esicindezelayo, esiphuthumayo. Ngokuvamile, i-tumor iyatholakala ngokuhlolwa ngengozi. Phakathi kwezifo ezinjenge-tumor ezifana nezifo zesisu, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:
- i-myoma ;
- i-fibroma;
- umdlavuza we-endometrial ;
- i-polycystosis.
Ukungavunyelwa kwesibeletho sowesifazane
Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ubulili besifazane, lesi sizalo singashintsha indawo yabo. Ngokuvamile abesifazane asebekhulile, kuncipha kwesibeletho esibangelwa isifo se-apparatus disorder kanye nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala. Ezimweni eziningi, isitho sishiywa phansi, ngokuya kwesiswini. Lesi sifo sihambisana nesifo esithile:
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukungathandeki emgodini;
- ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphansi;
- ukuvuthwa okuphuthumayo (ukungavumelani okusheshayo, okungamanzi).
Ingozi yokukhubazeka yilezi zinkinga zokuphefumula kwesisu esiswini. Lesi simo sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, ngakho-ke uma unezimpawu zokuqala udinga ukubona udokotela. Ukwelashwa kufaka ukubuyiswa kokuhlinzwa kobuqotho bezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-ligament yesitezi se-pelvic, ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha yesifazane.
Ukususwa kwesibindi sesisu
Ukukhishwa kwesitho sokubeletha kubhekiswa odokotela njengama-hysterectomy. Le ndlela yokwelashwa eqondile isetshenziselwa izifo ezingenakulungiswa ekwelapheni, okukhona okungabathinta kakhulu isimo sabesifazane. Njengobungqina be-hysterectomy, odokotela babona ukuphulwa okulandelayo:
- i-uterine fibroids enobukhulu obungaphezu kwamasonto angu-12;
- i-fibromyoma;
- ukukhula okusheshayo kwama-node ama-myomatous;
- ama-polyps amahle;
- i-carcinoma;
- i-necrosis yama-myoma nodes;
- ukusola nge-oncology;
- umdlavuza womzimba noma umlomo wesibeletho.
Abesifazane abalungiselela ukuhlinzwa okunjalo bavame ukuba nesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi yimiphi imiphumela ngemva kokukhipha isisu. Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ezinjalo zidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwe-hormone. Ngokusebenza kahle, ukuhambisana nemigomo kanye nemiyalo odokotela, imiphumela emibi ngemuva kokususwa kwesibeletho kuncishisiwe.