USigmund Freud (okungcono ukubiza ngokuthi "Freud") - isazi sezifo esaziwayo sase-Austria kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sasihlolisisa ngokuningiliziwe ubuntu bomuntu.
Umbono wokungazi lutho
USigmund Freud ungumsunguli we-theory kanye nokusebenza kwe-psychoanalysis, ingqikithi yale mfundiso ingumqondo wokungazi lutho. Isisekelo sombono wobuntu , owadalwa nguFreud, siphakamisa imodeli yesakhiwo esisezingeni lesithathu. Ngokusho kohlelo jikelele, ubuntu buyiqoqo le-Subconscious ("It"), Ukuqaphela ("I") no-Super-Consciousness ("Super-I"). Noma yikuphi ukuzwa, imicabango, izifiso, izenzo nezenzo zomuntu zihlelwe ngumsebenzi we-subconscious yakhe, okuyinto iminyango yamandulo kakhulu futhi enamandla yengqondo yomuntu, ngakho-ke kuyobusa okungenangqondo nokungapheli isikhathi. Lapha, njengokungathi ukukhanya akushisi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zimboni ezinkulu zokushayela nokuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye yiLibido ("Ukuzama Ukuphila") no-Mortido ("Ukuzama Ukufa" - umbono kaMordo akazange uthuthukiswe nguFreud ngokwakhe, kodwa wamukelwa nguye).
Phakathi kwezingxenye ezintathu zobuntu (ngamanye amazwi, amazinga noma izingxenye ze-psyche) zingaba nobuhlobo obuphikisanayo, okuwumthombo wazo zonke izinkinga ezingqondweni zomuntu.
Indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zengqondo?
Ukulungiswa nokukhishwa kulezi zinkinga kungaholela umuntu ekuxazululeni izimo, okuba yinto evamile kuye. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi lowo muntu unezinkinga ezinkulu ezingokwengqondo (okuyinto kwezinye izimo ezingabhekwa njengezifo). Ukuqeda abantu kulezi zinkinga nokuphatha ukugula ngengqondo kuphakanyiswa ngokuqhuba umsebenzi osebenzayo we-psychoanalytic ohilela ukuhlola, kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo zomuntu siqu usebenzisa indlela yokuhlangana kwamahhala nokwelashwa ngosizo lokubuyela kanye nokuhlala okusha kwemicimbi emikhulu ye-psychotrauma eye ithonye ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu ukuphila komuntu. Ngenxa yemicimbi enjalo, umuntu ophethwe yi-psychoanalysis ukhululiwe ezinkimbinkini ezingenalwazi. Manje angakwazi ukuqala impilo entsha ngaphandle kokungaqondakali kwengqondo kanye nemikhuba yokuzibulala.
Kulesi sisekelo esiyisisekelo se-psychoanalysis yangempela, inkolelo kaFrud yocansini isekelwe, ichaza noma yikuphi ubudlelwano babantu (hhayi nje kuphela ngokobulili) ngezifiso nezifiso ezingenakuqhathaniswa, okungafanekisiswa kahle nezingane zakudala zesiGreki.
Okushiwo yi-Theory of Freud
Ngokulandelayo, imibono kaFrud yayibuyiselwa ngokujulile ngumfundi wakhe oqhakazile kakhulu uCG Jung. Leli qiniso ngokwayo libika ukufaneleka kwesimo esinjalo ku-psychoanalysis njenge "Oedipus complex".
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uFreud ungumnikazi wezinhlelo ezithile zokuthuthukiswa komuntu ongokwengqondo (kufaka phakathi ebuntwaneni), ukutholakala kwezinqubo zokuzivikela ze-psyche, ukutholakala kwezehlakalo zokudluliselwa kwengqondo futhi
Imibono kanye nezinkolelo zengqondo zikaSigmund Freud zaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni konke kwengqondo, imithi, ukugula kwengqondo, kanye nesayensi eyisisekelo njengefilosofi, inhlalakahle yabantu, i-anthropology. Imibono nemibono mayelana nemvelo yabantu, ehlongozwa nguFreud, kwakungenxa yokuguquguquka kwesikhathi sabo kanye nokuvuselela. Bangela ukukhululeka kwezesayensi nokujwayelekile kwamasiko, kwashukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezincwadi nobuciko. Ngesikhathi samanje, izikole ezihlukahlukene ze-neo-Freudian zimeleleke kakhulu ekufundeni kwengqondo nokusebenzayo, izimpande zomsuka ziya kwi-psychoanalysis yesigaba.