Ukuze unqume isithombe esiphezulu sesimo sempilo yabantu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa. Le ndlela inokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuba ufunde okuningi mayelana nochwepheshe. Ekuhlaziyweni jikelele, iphesenti lezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-leukocyte libalwe. Ngakho-ke, uma i-neutrophils ehlangene yanda, lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi kunezifo ezimbi ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Iyini i-neutrophils ehlukanisiwe?
Igama labo linikezwa amangqamuzana ngenxa yamagceke okuyiwona eyakhiwe ngayo. Lezi zingxenye, inamba yayo e-nucleus ingaba isuka emibili kuya kwemihlanu, vumela ama-leukocytes ukuba athuthele ezithombeni ezihlukahlukene. Uma ugonywe ezithombeni zomzimba kunquma ukuthi kunezinto eziphilayo futhi, uzibambe, ususe.
Egazini legazi kukhona i-leukocyte enemijondolo, emele isigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane enuzi. Ubude bokuhlala egazini lamaseli avuthiwe we-neutrophils mkhulu, ngoba amaphesenti abo aphezulu kunamaseli aseduzane.
Noma kunjalo, ukuhlaziywa kuthinta ukuphambuka kokuqukethwe kokubili kwalezi zinhlobo ze-neutrophils. Ngoba ukwehla kwabo kungabonisa isifo esibi kakhulu.
I-neutrophile engxenyeni ne-leukocyte yanda
Zonke i-neutrophils zihlukaniswe njenge-stabnuclear futhi ingxenye-nuclear. Ngokuvamile, inani lokugwaza ngu-1-6%, futhi ingxenye-nucleated - 70%. Umsebenzi wamaseli ukuvikela umuntu kusuka eziphilayo, amagciwane nama microbes. I-neutrophils inamandla okuthuthela ekugxilweni kokuvuvukala. Inqubo yokwandisa inani le-neutrophils ibizwa nge-neutrophilia.
Njengomthetho, nge-neutrophilia, i-neutrophils ehlukaniswe futhi egwayi yanda kumuntu omdala. Ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana amancane ase-myelocyte avela egazini. Ukuvela kwamangqamuzana anjalo kanye nokwanda okwenyuka kwamanye ama-neutrophils kuholela ekushintsheni kwamaseli amhlophe egazi ngakwesobunxele, okuvame ukuhambisana nokubonakala kwe-granularity toxigen kubo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umzimba usuleleke ngezifo ezihlukahlukene, ukuba khona kokuvuvukala, kanye nezimo ze-infarction nezimo zokumangazeka.
I-neutrophils ehlangene yanda - izimbangela
Lapho amangqamuzana ahlangene egazini ephakanyisiwe, lokhu kungabonisa ukuba khona emzimbeni wesifo esithathelwanayo, ukutholakala kwe-tumor ebulalayo noma ukudakwa, okubhekene nokuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo emibi nemikhiqizo yemisebenzi yabo.
Izinguquko ekubunjweni kwegazi zingabonisa:
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo (spirochetosis, mycosis, encephalitis)
- ukutholakala kwezidumbu, izifo zomlenze;
- I-Nephropathy nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-urinary;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala nge-gout, i-arthritis, i-rheumatism, i-pancreatitis, ukulimala kwezicubu;
- ukwanda ushukela wegazi.
Ama-nuclei ahlangene aphakanyisiwe, futhi i-lymphocytes incishisiwe
Isimo singenzeka lapho isibalo se-neutrophils sinciphisa, futhi inani le-lymphocytes landa. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-lymphopenia, futhi siqala ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle, ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo, isifo esingapheli sezifo, ukuphathwa kwe-X-ray, ukwelashwa kwemisakazo, isigaba sokuphela komdlavuza, ngemuva kwe-anemia ye-aplastic, nangemva kokusebenzisa isikhathi eside ama-cytotoxic agents. Izinguquko ekugxilweni kwe-lymphocytes futhi zibonisa ukubonakala kwe-leukemia, imbangela yayo eyayiyingozi, lapho kwenzeka khona izicubu ezimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izizathu zenani elikhulayo lamaseli ahlukanisiwe zingaba izinguquko zomzimba ezihambisana nokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, isifo se-premenstrual kanye nokucindezela ngokweqile.