I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela iyinkimbinkimbi yezinguquko ze-pathological emithanjeni yegazi yezinso ezitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Le nkinga iyatholakala ku-10-20% weziguli ezine-diabetes mellitus.
Izimbangela ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela
Izinto ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo, yi-hyperglycemia (ushukela ophezulu wegazi) nesinxephezelo eside esingaphelele sokuphulwa komzimba wamakhemikhalidididrate. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinqubo ze-biochemical zishintsha kancane kancane: ukwephulwa kwamanzi ase-electrolyte homeostasis, ukushintshaniswa kwe-fatty acids, ukwehla kokuthuthwa kwe-oxygen,
I-glucose yenza into enobuthi emangqamuzaneni wezinso, futhi ivuselela izindlela ezidala umonakalo futhi zandise ukubonakala kwezindonga zabo. Ngenxa yomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa zesifo sikashukela, izitsha zengwenya zandisa ingcindezi, futhi izitsha ezilimazayo zithathwa yizicubu ezixhunyiwe. Futhi, indima ekuthuthukiseni kwe-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela idlalwa yi-hypertension yomzimba kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwegazi lokungena kwegazi, kanye nesici sofuzo.
Izimpawu nezigaba zesifo se-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela
Ekuthuthukiseni le nkinga, izinyathelo ezinhlanu zivelele, ezintathu zazo ziyizicucu, njll. I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela ekuqaleni ayinayo ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle futhi ingatholwa kuphela ngezindlela ezikhethekile ze-laboratory noma nge-biopsy. Noma kunjalo, ukutholakala kwe-pathology ngezigaba zokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba Kuphela kule nkathi kusengaguquguquka. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezitholakala esigabeni ngasinye sesifo.
Isigaba I - ukukhula okwemangqamuzana wamangqamuzana e-renal, ukukhuphuka okukhulu nokuhlunga umchamo (ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho).
Isigaba sesibili - kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emibili emva kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuqina kwezindonga zemikhumbi ye-renal kuyisici.
Isigaba III - ukulimala okuphawulekayo emikhumbi yezinso, microalbuminuria (inani elincane lamaprotheni emcinini), ushintsho esilinganisweni sokuhlunga kwe-glomerular.
IV isigaba - kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-10 kuya kwengu-15 emva kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Izici zezici ziyi:
- proteinuria (ukwabiwa kwesamba esikhulu samaprotheni emcinini);
- ukuvuvukala okukhulu emilenzeni, ubuso, isisu somzimba, njll;
- isisindo somzimba esinciphile;
- ubuthakathaka;
- isicasuli;
- ukoma;
- ikhanda njalo ;
- ukwanda kwegazi.
Isiteji se-V - cishe sigcwalise ukubola kwesifo se-vascular sclerosis, ukwehla okuphawulekayo emisebenzini ye-excretory nokuhlushwa kwezinso. Ezinye izimpawu ziyi:
- i-proteinuria enkulu;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia;
- ukuvuvukala okukhulu;
- ukunciphisa kwe-hyperglycemia;
- i-dyspeptic syndrome;
- uremia, njll.
Indlela yokuphatha i-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela?
Lapho ukwelashwa kwemithi, kunezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ukulondoloza izinga elihle lokushukela egazini;
- Ukwelashwa kwesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu nge-microalbuminuria;
- ukuvimbela ukwehla okusheshayo ekusebenzeni kwezinso kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba se-uriric sokuhluleka kwenkunzi;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-detoxification.
Lapho ukwelashwa kwe-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, ukusetshenziswa kwalawo maqembu ezidakamizwa kuboniswa:
- amalungiselelo e-hypoglycemic;
- inhibitors ye-enzyme yokuguqula i-angiotensin;
- abaphikisi be-angiotensin;
- i-beta-blockers;
- abavimba be-calcium;
- amalungiselelo okwenziwa komfutho wegazi we-lipid;
- i-diuretics ;
- ama-sorbents;
- ama-antizotemics nabanye.
Kudinga ukuthobela ukudla okuphansi kwamaprotheni kanye nosawoti, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Uma umsebenzi wezinso wephulwa ngokweqile, kungenzeka ukuphatha ukwelashwa okunye esikhundleni (i-hemodialysis, i-peritoneal dialysis ehlala njalo) noma ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa ngu-donor ukufakelwa kwezinso.