Uma inqubo ye-hematopoiesis iphazamiseka emnothweni wamathambo, inani eliningi kakhulu lamaseli angakavuthiwa abizwe, okuthiwa i-lymphoblasts. Uma kamuva kwadingeka ukuba i-lymphocytes, kodwa iguquliwe, i-acute lymphoblastic leukemia iqala. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokushintshwa kancane kwamangqamuzana egazi ajwayelekile ngamagundane, futhi angakwazi ukuqoqa hhayi kuphela emangeni yethambo namathambo alo, kodwa nakwamanye amalungu.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
I-pathology ecatshangelwayo yokukhiqizwa kwegazi ehambisana negazi ihambisana nokuphazanyiswa komsebenzi wenyama yonke. Ukuhlukaniswa okungalawulwa kwamangqamuzana amancane (lymphoblasts) kwenza ukuba ukungena kwabo kungene emigqokeni ye-lymph, i-spleen, isibindi, umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaciswa kwesifo kufaka phakathi izinguquko emsebenzini womnkantsha obomvu. Uyeka ukukhiqiza inani elanele lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaplatelet nama-leukocyte, esikhundleni sabo ngama-precursor clones ane-gene mutation.
Kuye ngohlobo lwamaseli aphethwe umdlavuza, i-T-lymphoblastic (T-cell) ye-leukemia ne-B-linear evelele. Izinhlobo zokugcina zivela kaningi, cishe ngamacala angu-85%.
I-lymphoblastic leukemia esebenzayo - izimbangela
Isizathu esenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezichazwe kunguquko engaguquki kuma-chromosomes. Izimbangela eziqondile zalolu hlelo azikaze zenziwe, ingozi ye-leukemia yalolu hlobo ivela ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- ukutheleleka kaningi ebusheni;
- izifo ezingokwemvelo ezihlotsheni eziseduze;
- ukuvezwa kwemisebe, imisebe;
- ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba;
- ukungena emzimbeni wezinyosi ezihlukahlukene, kubandakanya - imithi;
- ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphambi kokuzalwa;
- izifo zegciwane;
- uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70.
I-lymphoblastic leukemia esebenzayo - izimpawu
Esinye sezici ze-pathology ezethulwa yiyona engeyona imininingwane yezimpawu. Zivame ukufana nezibonakaliso zezici zezinye izifo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuhlolisisa i-leukemia kuphela emva kokuchungechunge lwezinhlolo ze-laboratory.
Izimpawu ezingenzeka:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo eziningi, isifo sofuba;
- ubuhlungu emajoyini, ngezinye izikhathi - amathambo;
- i-tachycardia ;
- ukungabi khona noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulahlekelwa isisindo;
- i-anemia;
- ama-lymph nodes (i-axillary, isibeletho kanye ne-inguinal);
- ukuphuma kwegazi emlonyeni womlomo (kusukela ezinsini), emathunjini, kusuka ekhaleni;
- ukubonakala kwemivimbo nemivimbo esikhumbeni, izindawo ezibomvu;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wesistimu ye-genitourinary;
- ukwandisa umthamo wesibindi, ipule;
- umonakalo emehlweni;
- umsebenzi wezinso wehlile.
I-lymphoblastic leukemia ephakeme - ukwelashwa
Uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi luqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu:
- Okokuqala yi- chemotherapy enamandla nge-cytostatics, ama-hormone e-glucocorticosteroid kanye ne-anthracycline. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kutholakale ukukhululwa kwesifo - kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwe-lymphoblast emathisheni emangcwabeni amathambo kuya ku-5%. Isikhathi sokungeniswa kwe-remission cishe amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 emva kokutholakala kokuxilongwa.
- Esigabeni sesibili sokwelashwa, i-chemotherapy iyaqhubeka, kodwa ngokulinganisa amancane, ukuhlanganisa imiphumela nokubhubhisa
amaseli ashintshiwe asele. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uyeke i-acute lymphoblastic leukemia futhi uvikele ukuphindaphinda kwesifo esikhathini esizayo. Isamba sesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa sithatha kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezingu-8, isikhathi esiqondile sinqunywa udokotela oya khona ngokuhambisana nezinga le-leukemia. - Isigaba sesithathu kuthiwa sisekela. Kulesi sikhathi, ngokuvamile i-methotrexate ne-6-mercaptopurine. Naphezu kokuphakama kwesigaba sokugcina semithi (iminyaka engu-2-3), ibekezelela kahle, ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa esibhedlela - amaphilisi athathwa ngesiguli ngokuzimela.