Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi yisifo esingagwenywa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-HIV idluliselwa kanjani. Izindlela zokutheleleka futhi, ngokufanele, ukuthi i-HIV idluliselwa kanjani, yaziwa isikhathi eside nodokotela abangangabazi ngalendlela yokusabalalisa lesi sifo. Lokhu kungenzeka uma igazi, izicabha zesisu noma i-sperm zingena egazini ngokuqondile, noma ngezinambuzane ezinamanzi noma kumama ogciwane lesandulela ngculaza ku-utero, ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ukubeletha. Azikho ezinye izindlela zokutheleleka ezirekhodiwe kuze kube manje.
Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
Ngokwezibalo, wonke amacala abhalisiwe wokutheleleka emhlabeni asatshalaliswa kanje:
- 70-80% - ngendlela yezocansi;
- 5-10% - izidakamizwa ezijova;
- 5-10% - kumntwana ovela kumama okhulelwe noma ongumhlengikazi;
- 3-5% ukumpontshelwa kwegazi elingcolile;
- 0,01% - ukutheleleka kwabasebenzi bezempilo.
Emazweni ahlukene kanye nasezindaweni ezihlukene izindlela ezahlukene zokutheleleka zikhona futhi ukuthi i-HIV idluliselwa kanjani, ukuxhumana kobulili obufanayo nabantu abanegciwane, endaweni ethile yocansi noma ukujova, kuvame kakhulu.
Ingozi yokutheleleka
Ukwazi, ngokudluliselwa kwe-HIV, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Isibonelo, iphesenti eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza livela ekuthintaneni okungavumelekile kocansi nomuntu ogulayo ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi noma isifo sengculazi. Okungukuthi, nabantu abaningi abantu bazoba nobulili, ngaphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuthi ekugcineni uzosuselwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ngoba i-HIV isakazwa nge-sperm. Sekuphele isikhathi eside leyo minyaka lapho abantu bengazi ukuthi i-HIV idluliselwa ngokocansi. Kuze kube manje, cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lowo othwala igciwane, ozoxhumana naye ocansini kuphela uzokwazi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emzimbeni: kusuka kumuntu kuya kumfazi, kusukela kumuntu kuya kumuntu, kusuka kumfazi kuya kumuntu, noma kusuka kumfazi ukuya kumfazi.
Ngokuvamile, ngisho nalapho sazi ukuthi iyiphi i-HIV eyadluliselwa, asikhohlwa ukuthi ungathola igciwane ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile. Isibonelo, uma kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-tattoo akuyona ithuluzi lesikhathi esisodwa, khona-ke azikho izithiyo zokungena emzimbeni wakho nge-HIV.
I-HIV idluliselwa ngomlomo, uma kunezigqila zamadoda noma abesifazane emgodini womlomo, kodwa akukho isidingo sokwesaba ukuthi uzokwazi ukungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa kisses. Yiqiniso, abaningi banesithakazelo ukuthi ngabe i-HIV idluliselwa kanjani ngendlela yendlu, ngesikhathi sokuthintana kwesikhumba, ngamaconsi amancane noma ngokusebenzisa izilwanyana ezinambuzane. Ingozi yokutheleleka nalabo oxhumana nabo ayikho. Ungesabi ukuhlala efulethini elifanayo nomuntu othwala igciwane, ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka, uma isiguli sigqubuzela noma sishaya, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa isidlo esithile noma ukugeza ngokwehlukile izingubo nezingubo zomuntu ogulayo. Sebenzisa i-pool ngokuhlanganyela, indlu yangasese noma okugeza. I-HIV ayidluliswanga ngamathe, ngoba iqukethe kuphela umuthi, igazi, ubisi lwebele kanye nokungena komzimba.
Indlela yokugwema ukutheleleka
Inani elikhulu labantu liyaziqaphela izinqubo ezahlukene zezokwelapha, ngoba abazi ukuthi i-HIV idluliselwa kanjani. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubungozi abukho ngokuphelele lapho kugcina imithetho evamile yokuhlanzeka:
- sebenzisa izinto zokwelapha ezilodwa;
- ngokucophelela insimbi;
- lapho igazi noma i-plasma ligaxwa, nikela igazi lakho;
- lungisa kahle imikhiqizo yegazi engasebenzi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengamanje izindlela ezithembekile kakhulu zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kocansi ne-HIV igciwane lesikhumbuso.