Isifo sikashukela siyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqonda, i-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated - iyini le nkhomba futhi indlela yokudlulisa kahle lokho kuhlaziywa. Imiphumela isiza udokotela ukuthi aphethe ngokuthi ngabe umuntu unesishukela segazi noma konke okuvamile, okungukuthi, unempilo.
I-hemoglobin ye-Glycosylated - iyini?
Ikhethwe i-HbA1C. Lesi sibonakaliso sezinto eziphilayo, imiphumela ekhombisa ukuhlunga kwegazi emzimbeni. Isikhathi esihlaziywe yizinyanga ezintathu zokugcina. I-HbA1C ibhekwa njengenkomba eyengeziwe yokwazisa ngaphezu kwe-hematest yokuqukethwe koshukela. Umphumela, obonisa i-hemoglobin eglycated, uboniswa njengephesenti. Ukhomba isabelo samakhemikhali "ushukela" emthamo ophelele wezingqamuzana zegazi elibomvu. Izinkomba eziphezulu ziphakamisa ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sisesimweni esinzima.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- Ucwaningo lungaqhutshwa ngaphandle kokubopha isikhathi esithile sosuku, futhi kungabi ngesisu esingenalutho;
- imiphumela yalokhu kuhlaziywa ayithinteki izifo ezithathelwanayo nokucindezeleka okukhulu;
- Ucwaningo olunjalo luvumela ukutholakala ngokushesha kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokuqaliswa kokwelapha okwesikhashana;
- ukuhlaziywa kusiza ukuphetha isiphetho mayelana nokuphumelela kokwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuphenya ukwehluleka akuyona into:
- izindleko eziphezulu - kunenani elikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlaziywa kokudalula isibonakaliso soshukela;
- ezingeni eliphansi le-hormone ye-thyroid, i-HbA1C iyanda, nakuba kulokhu lelizinga legazi lomuntu liyingcosana;
- kuziguli ezine-anemia, imiphumela ihlanekeziwe;
- uma umuntu ethatha u-vitamin C no-E, umphumela uyinto encane kakhulu.
I-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated - ukuthatha kanjani?
Ama-laboratories amaningi aqhuba isifundo esinjalo athatha amasampula egazi esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ochwepheshe ukuba bahlaziye. Nakuba ukudla kungaphazamisi imiphumela, kodwa ukuthi igazi alithathwe engasenalutho esiswini, kufanele utshele. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kungenziwa kokubili kusukela emthonjeni nasomunwe (konke kuxhomeke kumodeli we-analyzer). Ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yocwaningo ilungile emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4.
Uma kungaphansi kwemingcele yesijwayelekile kunesibonakaliso, ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo okunikezelayo kungenzeka eminyakeni engu-1-3. Uma isifo sikashukela sitholakala kuphela, isifundo sesibili sinconywa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Uma isiguli sesivele sise-akhawunti ye-endocrinologist futhi imishanguzo enqunyiwe, kutuswa ukuba uhlaziye njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Imvamisa enjalo izohlinzeka ngolwazi lomgomo mayelana nesimo somuntu futhi lihlolisise ukusebenza komgomo onqunyiwe wezokwelapha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin glycated - ukulungiselela
Lolu cwaningo luhlukile kulohlobo lwaso. Ukuze kudlule ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin, akudingeki ulungiselele. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zingaphazamisa umphumela (ukunciphisa):
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- i-hemodialysis.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-glycosylated (glycated) i-hemoglobin kungcono ukuthatha kuma-laboratories afakwe imishini yesimanje. Ngenxa yalokhu, umphumela uzoba olunembile kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifundo ezenziwa kuma laboratories ahlukene ezimweni eziningi zinikeza izinkomba ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindlela ezahlukene zokuxilonga zisetshenziselwa izikhungo zezokwelapha. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlolwa e laboratory ehlolwe.
Ukunqunywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin
Kuze kube namuhla, ayikho izinga elilodwa elingasetshenziswa ama laboratories ezempilo. Incazelo ye-glycosylated hemoglobin egazini yenziwa ngalezi zindlela:
- i-chromatography yamanzi;
- i-immunoturbodimetry;
- i-chromatography yokushintshanisa ion;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-nephelometric.
I-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated iyinhlangano evamile
Le nkomba ayinayo ukuhlukanisa iminyaka yobudala noma ubulili. Isimiso se-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated egazini labantu abadala kanye nezingane sihlangene. It ranges kusuka 4% kuya 6%. Izinkomba eziphakeme noma eziphansi zikhombisa ukugula. Uma uhlaziya ngokuqondile, yilokhu i-glycosylated hemoglobin ebonisa:
- Amazinga we-HbA1C avela ku-4% kuya ku-5.7% - umuntu uhlelekile kahle we-carbohydrate metabolism. Amathuba okuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela ayinaki.
- Inkomba ye-5.7% -6.0% - imiphumela enjalo ibonisa ukuthi isiguli sinomkhuhlane okhulayo we-pathology. Ukwelashwa akudingeki, kodwa udokotela uzakutusa ukuthatha ukudla okuphansi.
- I-HbA1C isukela ku-6.1% kuya ku-6.4% - ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela ikhulu . Isiguli kufanele sinciphise inani lama-carbohydrate esetshenziswe ngokushesha futhi kunamathele kwezinye izincomo zesidokotela.
- Uma isibonakaliso singu-6.5% - ukuhlola kuqala "isifo sikashukela." Ukuze uqinisekise, kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Uma ukuhlaziywa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kunikezwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, okujwayelekile kule ndaba kufana nalabo bonke abanye abantu. Noma kunjalo, le nkhomba ingashintsha phakathi nesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane. Izizathu ezivusa ukuqhuma okunjalo:
- i-anemia kubesifazane ;
- isithelo esikhulu kakhulu;
- izinso ezingasebenzi.
I-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated yaphakamisa
Uma lesi sibonakaliso singaphezu kokuvamile, lokhu kubonisa izinkinga ezinkulu ezivela emzimbeni. I-hemoglobin ephezulu ye-glycosylated ivame ukuhambisana nalezi zimpawu:
- ukulahlekelwa umbono;
- ukuphulukiswa isikhathi eside kwamanxeba;
- ukoma;
- ukwehla okubukhali noma ukwanda kwesisindo;
- ukuwohloka kokuzivikela;
- isifiso esiningi sokuvuthwa;
- ukubola nokulala;
- ukuwohloka kwesibindi.
I-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated ingaphezu kwesijwayelekile - kusho ukuthini?
Ukwanda kwalesi sibonakaliso kubangelwa izizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukwehluleka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism;
- izici ezingahambelani nezinga leshukela.
Igazi le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated lizobonisa ukuthi isibalo singaphezu kwendabuko, nansi amacala:
- e-diabetes mellitus - ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuhlukanisa ama-carbohydrate ephukile futhi izinga le-glucose landa;
- lapho ubuthi ngotshwala;
- uma isiguli esibhekene nesifo sikashukela mellitus singelashwa ngokungafanele;
- nge-iron insufficient anemia;
- emva kokumpontshelwa igazi;
- nge-uremia, uma kutholakala i-carbogemoglobin - into ebonakalayo efana neHbA1C;
- uma isiguli sinesisindo esisusiwe - umzimba ophethe ukulahlwa kwamaseli abomvu afile.
I-hemoglobin ene-glycated iphakanyisiwe - yini engingayenza?
Ukulinganisela izinga le-HbA1C kuzosiza izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Ukucebisa kokudla ngezithelo nemifino esisha, izinhlanzi ezinomzimba, izinambuzane, i-yogurt. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunamafutha, i-dessert.
- Zivikele ekucindezelekeni, okulimaza kakhulu isimo somzimba jikelele.
- Okungenani isigamu sehora ngosuku ukuze bahlanganyele emfundweni engokwenyama. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated lizokwehla futhi inhlalakahle yonke izoba ngcono.
- Njalo uvakashele udokotela bese uqhuba zonke izivivinyo ezinqunyiwe.
I-hemoglobin ye-Glycosylated ishawulwa
Uma lesi sibonakaliso singaphansi kwesimiso, kuyingozi njengoba ukwanda kwayo. I-hemoglobin ephansi ye-glycosylated (engaphansi kwezingu-4%) ingacasulwa yizici ezilandelayo:
- ukulahlekelwa kwegazi okukhulu, okwakusanda kuqhutshwa;
- ukungasebenzi kwama-pancreas;
- i-hypoglycemia ;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle ;
- i-pathologies, lapho kubhujiswa khona i-erythrocyte ngaphambi kwesikhathi.