Ucwaningo lwama-laboratories luvame ukwakha isisekelo sokuthola izifo ze-gynecological. Basiza ngokuqondile ukukhomba lesi sifo, banikeze ukwelashwa. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe isifundo esinjalo njengesiguli se-cervix, ukuthi siyini, sikutshele ngezici zohlelo.
I-Cytology yomlomo wesibeletho - iyini?
I-cytology yamanzi yomlomo wesibeletho ibhekisela ezindleleni zokuxilonga ze-laboratory. Ngesizo odokotela bakhe basungula isakhiwo somsele womlomo wesibeletho. Ekhuluma nge-cytology yokutadisha yomlomo wesibeletho, echaza ukuthi yikuphi, odokotela bayaqaphela ukuthi enye yezinhlobo zayo yayisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iPapa yamaGreki. Igama lakhe namuhla libizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa - isifundo se-cytological somlomo wesibeletho, ukuhlolwa kwe-PAP. Ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana, ukutholakala kwezakhiwo ezinesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphansi, kwembula umdlavuza wesandulela.
Yini i-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological komlomo wesibeletho kubonisa isimo somsele womlomo wesibeletho, ohlangothini lwamaselula. Uma izinto ezincane kakhulu, odokotela bahlola isakhiwo samangqamuzana afaka kuwo. Ukunakwa kudonsela ekutheni ubukhulu, ubuningi kanye nenhlangano yangaphakathi yezinhlaka zamaselula. Yilokho ukuxilongwa kwezinqubo ezinjenge-tumor ezinyathelweni zakuqala, kanye nezifunda eziqanjiwe, kwenziwa. Ukutshela mayelana nokucwaninga okunjalo, njenge-cytology ye-cervix, ukuthi yikuphi, odokotela bakhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukucacisa ngqo isiteji senqubo yokwelapha.
Ubeka nini i-cytology?
Ukuhlaziywa kwalolu hlobo lwezinkinga zokubeletha kunconywa ukuthi kwenzeke ekuhleleni kokuvikela ngemuva kokuba intombazane ifinyelele eminyakeni engama-21. Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kuphela eminyakeni emithathu, uma nje imiphumela yangaphambilini yayivamile. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, i-cytology yamanzi, akuyona igunya uma owesifazane ephethe imiphumela emibi emi-10 edlule. I-cytology yamanzi yomlomo wesibeletho yenziwa nge:
- ukuhlela kokukhulelwa ;
- ukudiliva njalo (3-4 ukudiliva eminyakeni 4 edlule);
- ekubelekeni kokuqala kokuqala (kuze kube yiminyaka engu-18);
- esikhathini sokuma ngemva kokuphuma komama ;
- isiteji se- intrauterine ;
- ukungabikho kwalolu cwaningo ngaphambili, noma olunye uhlobo lwenqubo yokutholwa kwengqondo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3;
- ukungahambisani phakathi kwemiphumela yocwaningo olwandulele (ukutholakala kwamaseli ase-atypical);
- ukutholakala kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo ezakhiweni ezithinta igciwane uma zibukwa ngezibuko - i-cytology uma ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho kunquma imbangela yalesi sifo;
- umthwalo we-anamnesis ngokutholakala kwezifo ezingokwemvelo ezihlotsheni.
Ukulungiselela i-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho
Ukuze uhlolo lwe-cytological olwenziwe ngomlomo wesibeletho lube nesimiso esihle, isiguli kumele sigcine izimo ezithile. Ngakho ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological komsele womlomo kuhlanganisa:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-syringing namabhati ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqoqwa;
- Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuxhashazwa ngaphandle kokulala ngokocansi;
- ukuvinjelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezingubo zokuhlanzeka, amakhandlela noma amaphilisi, ama-creams we-vagin izinsuku ezingu-5 ngaphambi kokugcoba;
- ngosuku lwenqubo, amahora amabili ngaphambi kwenqubo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuvuthwa.
I-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho?
I-smear nge-cytology evela emgodini wesibeletho kuyindlela yokuphoqelela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwegazi. Yenza emtholampilo, ukubonisana kwabesifazane. Isiguli sisezihlalo zesisu. Udokotela uchitha ngokucophelela uhlangothi oluvela engxenyeni yangaphandle yelungu elimhlophe lomlomo wesibeletho. Kulokhu, sebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile - i-Eyre spatula. Izakhiwo ze-cell ezisuka emgodini womlomo wesibeletho zithathwa ngosizo lwe-endobrush - i-probe ekhethekile ene-diameter encane.
Isampula yendaba eqoqwe isetshenziselwa isilayidi, esilungisiwe futhi idluliselwe kuchwepheshe we-laboratory. Uqhuba i-microscopy, ngaphambi kokukhwabanisa isisindo. Ngemuva kwalendlela, amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho angabonakala ngokucacile emkhakheni wokubuka we-microscope, futhi isakhiwo sabo singahlolwa. Ukunakekelwa komsizi we-laboratory kudonseleka efomini, igobolondo langaphandle kanye nokuqukethwe kwangaphakathi. Zonke izinguquko ziboniswa esiphethweni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological komlomo wesibeletho kuhlolo lwePap kwenziwa ngokuqondile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological of smears yomlomo wesibeletho - ukucacisa
Emva kokuqhuba isifundo esinjalo, njenge-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho, imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ihlolwe kuphela udokotela. Kulokhu, odokotela basebenzisa i-Papanicolaou classifier. Ngosizo lokuchaza kwakhe imiphumela etholakalayo. Odokotela bathi umphumela omubi noma omuhle wocwaningo. Owokuqala ufakazela ukungabi khona kwethonya lokugulisa emithonjeni yamaselula, amangqamuzana e-atypical - ifomu elishintshileyo, ubukhulu, obubhujiswa kancane, alitholakali.
Ngomphumela omuhle, izinqubo ze-pathological zilotshwe ohlelweni lokuzala. Ama-cell anomalous akhona emkhakheni wokubukwa kwe-microscope. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lidlula izindinganiso ezivumelekile. Izakhi ezinama-apipical zingaba nobukhulu obuhlukile, ukuma, isakhiwo. Ukuqhubekela phambili kulokhu, ukuchazwa komphumela kwenziwa, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okulindelekile.
I-cytology ye-cervix uteri - iningi lokuhlaziywa
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cytological of scraping of the cervix, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezingenasisindo kumpahla yeselula, kuyinto evamile. Kulesi simo, kucatshangwa ukuthi kokubili ubungakanani kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye. Amaseli afaniswa namazinga omzimba. Esikhathini se-cytogram esilandelayo, le nto ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe, ngokusho kwesayizi, isakhiwo, okuqukethwe kanye nefomu. Okuvamile nalolu hlobo lokutadisha yilena incazelo elandelayo yencazelo:
- I-smear iqukethe amaseli e-epithelium ene-single-layered cylindrical epithelium;
- Izakhiwo ze-epithelial multilayer azikho;
- ama-cell atypical formations awafakwanga emkhakheni wombono.
Ama-apipical cell at cytology of cervix uteri
Ukuhlaziywa okubi kwe-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho kuyisibonakaliso sokuhlolwa okuphelele, ukuqokwa kwezifundo ezengeziwe. Ukutholakala kokugcina kwemiphumela ye-cytology akuvezwanga, ngakho-ke ngisho nokuba khona kwama cell atypical ku-smear akukwazi ukuthathwa njengenqubo ye-incological. I-Atypia yamaseli inqunywe ukuphulwa okunjengokuthi:
- inqubo yokuvuvukala;
- i-keratosis;
- i-metaplasia;
- parakeratosis.