I-cirrhosis yesibindi, izimpawu zazo eziphilayo ezihlukile azifani, yisifo esingapheliyo. Ukugula kubangela ukuguqulwa kwezicubu ze-parenchymal nge-fibrous connective noma i-stroma. Uma ukwelashwa okungalungile noma ukungazinaki lesi sifo kungabulala.
Iyini i-cirrhosis yesibindi?
Ngalesi sifo, kubonakala ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi. Ibulala ama-tissue enempilo futhi iwushintshe ngefiber fibrous. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezingxenyana zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ezishintsha isakhiwo segesi. I-cirrhosis yesibindi ayibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi izimpawu eziteshini zokuqala, kodwa izinqubo ezingenakuguqulwa sezivele ziqale ezicubu. Lokhu kuholela ekudakaleni okuphawulekayo kwekhwalithi yokuphila komuntu.
Kuyini i-cirrhosis eyaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Uma ukholwa izibalo, lesi sifo minyaka yonke sithatha cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-300. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sokufa. Emadodeni, ukukhubazeka kutholakala kaningi kunabesifazane. Izimpawu ze-cirrhosis zinganikeza ngeminyaka ehlukene, kodwa njengomthetho, abantu bahlushwa isifo iminyaka engamashumi amane.
I-cirrhosis - izimbangela
Izici ezihlukahlukene ziholela esi sifo: ama-virus, ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokweqile, izifo ezifa. Ukunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi yini eyenza i-cirrhosis - imbangela yalesi sifo - ingaba ucwaningo lwama-laboratory kuphela. Izinkinga ziyi:
- Isifo sikaWilson ;
- ukuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa ze-hepatotoxic;
- i-Bad Chiari syndrome;
- ukuphuza utshwala;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo engapheli .
I-cirrhosis enobudlova yesibindi
Ikhula ngenxa yemiphumela enobuthi eqhubekayo yotshwala esibindi. Umphumela onobuthi unqunywa kuphela inani le-ethyl utshwala kuleziphuzo ezidliwe futhi azixhomekile kohlobo lwabo. I-degree lapho i-cirrhosis yotshwala ikhula ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke ekuvameni kokusetshenziswa kotshwala nobuningi bayo. Endaweni engozini kukhona abantu aba:
- uthathe utshwala nsuku zonke isikhathi eside;
- unesabelo esiyingxenye yokuzalwa kwesidumbu;
- ukudla ngokungafanele noma ngokungalungile.
I-cirrhosis ye-viral yesibindi
Kusuka egameni ongaqagela: i-cirrhosis yegciwane ibangelwa amagciwane. Zonakalisa i-hepatocytes, ukuvuvukala kuqala, umzimba uthatha amangqamuzana awonakele emzimbeni wangaphandle futhi uwahlasele. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu zomzimba ziyafa futhi azikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yazo ngendlela efanele. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ze-cirrhosis zesibindi zibangelwa igciwane lesifo sofuba. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sibangelwa i- cytomegalovirus , i-HIV, i-herpes virus noma i-Epstein-Barr.
Lolu hlobo lwe-cirrhosis ludluliselwa ngegazi. Amacala okutheleleka kwe-intrauterine ayengavamile kakhulu. Izingozi ezithinta ukutheleleka nge-cirrhosis yegciwane:
- ubulili obuvikelekile;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezilinganiso ezingenayo oyinyumba;
- ukumpontshelwa kwegazi okungcolile ngama-microorganisms we-pathogenic;
- ukungahloniphi izindinganiso zokuqala zokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu.
I-cirrhosis yesibindi yesibindi
Indlela yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo ifana nayo yonke inhlobo yayo. Kungani i-cirrhosis ye-hepatic ikhula? Izimbangela zalesi sifo, njengombuso, ziba yizinto eziyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo. Ukucindezela okukhulu ku-vena cava engaphansi kwe-pathology kuholele ekuchichimeni kwe-veptic hepatic ngegazi. Ngenxa yalokho - umzimba usule kakhulu, uqoqa ngaphakathi kwegazi, ischemia ikhula, eholela ku-necrosis ye-hepatocytes.
Yingakho ngisho nezibonakaliso ze-cirrhosis zesibindi zingabanika:
- i-cardiosclerosis ;
- i-myxoma e-atrium efanele;
- inhliziyo engavamile yamapulmonari;
- i-pericarditis;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwamagesi we-mitral noma ama-tricuspid.
I-cirrhosis ye-biliary
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwesifo kulandelwa ukunqotshwa kwepheshana le-biliary. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo. I-cirrhosis eyinhloko yamabhiliyali ayisisekelo ibangela izinqubo ze-autoimmune, eziqala ukukhuphula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cholestasis. Esimweni sesibili kuholela ekuphuleni kokuphuma kwebhala. Ngokuvamile, i-cirrhosis ye-biliary iyingxenye yemvelo. Phakathi kwezinye izimbangela zesifo:
- i-cholelithiasis ;
- ama-cysts we-bile ducts;
- i-cholangitis ye-purulent;
- izicubu nama-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe;
- umsebenzi we-enterobacteria.
Izimpawu ze-cirrhosis zesibindi
Ukubonakaliswa okuyisisekelo kwalesi sifo ubuhlungu besisu esifundeni se-hypochondrium elungile, kodwa kunezinye izimpawu zesibindi se-forhosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona into engavamile ukuthi ukugula kwenzeke ngaphandle kwezimpawu, futhi isiguli asiqageli ngokuxilongwa kwakhe okuyingozi. Ubukhulu bezimpawu kuthinteka yizici zomzimba, isigaba sesifo kanye nezinye izici.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-cirrhosis yesibindi
Uma kwenzeka i-cirrhosis yesibindi, izimpawu zokuqala zingase zingabonakali, kodwa uma lesi sifo sibonakala ngokwakho, kwenzeka ngosizo lwe:
- ubuhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile esiswini, okuqiniswa emva kokudla okunamafutha, okugcoziwe, okudobile, okuphuza utshwala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana emaphethelweni emathunjini (kwezinye iziguli, ukondla kubiza, ezinye ziyazikhukhumeza, izinhlanzi, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo);
- ukucasula;
- ukukhathala ngokushesha;
- ukunambitha okungamnandi (okubabayo) emlonyeni;
- ukuphuziza kwesikhumba, izibungu ezinamaqanda, amaprotheni e-iso (ngokuvamile avame ukuzwa lesi sifo lapho ebona isibonakaliso sokuqala sesibindi se-chirrisi).
Izigaba ze-cirrhosis zesibindi
Lesi sifo siqala ngezigaba eziningana. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwalesi sifo kuncike kulokho okubonakaliswa khona nge-cirrhosis yesibindi. Izigaba eziyinhloko zilandelayo:
- Esigabeni sokuqala, inqubo ye-necrotic iqala ukuthuthukisa. Izimpawu ezivela kuleli phuzu - ubuthakathaka, ukwephulwa kwesifiso, ukwehla ekugxilweni - iziguli eziningi zikhohlise ku-beriberi, ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo.
- Isigaba sesibili sibizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuxhaswa futhi sihambisana nokuhlunga, ukuphuziza isikhumba kanye nezibilini ezinomsoco, umkhuhlane, isisindo sokunambitheka, umzwelo wesisu esiswini. Esinye isibonakaliso esivamile se-cirrhosis sinciphile emanzini.
- Isigaba sesithathu sokukhishwa kwemali sibonakala ngesimo esibi kakhulu. Izimpawu ezisemqoka kule nkinga - isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza njalo, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukwehla okujulile kwesisindo, ukushiswa kwemisipha yezinyawo ezingenhla, ukuphelelwa amandla okuphelele. Kungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela ebulalayo kule nkinga yesifo iphezulu kakhulu.
- Lapho i-cirrhosis yesibindi ifika esigabeni sokugcina, isiguli kakade, njengomthetho, siwela ku-coma. Isidumbu esithintekile siyaziqeda kakhulu futhi sinciphisa ngosayizi, kanti i-spleen iyanda.
Ama-Ascite e-cirrhosis yesibindi
Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zesifo. Ama-Ascite athuthukisa uma izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-cirrhosis zinganakwa isikhathi eside. Ngalesi simo, uketshezi luhlanganisa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesisu, kanti isisu sitholakale. Isibindi ezinamazinyo kakade sesimangalisa kakhulu kangangokuthi asikwazi ukusebenza kahle futhi asisuse konke okweqile emzimbeni.
Chaza ascites kungaba yizibonakaliso zangaphandle. Uma kungekho okuningi ketshezi okwanele, ukuhlanganiswa okuncane kuphela esifundeni esiseduzane-buccal kuyangena emehlweni. Ngezigaba kamuva, isisu sakhula, futhi isiguli sihlale sizwa ubuhlungu. E-ascites, i-peritoneum iyanda kakhulu kangangokuthi owesifazane ogulayo angakwazi ukudideka kalula nowesifazane okhulelwe emigameni yokugcina. Abantu abaningi banesisindo ngokushesha futhi bakhononda ngomkhuhlane.
I-cirrhosis yesibindi - ukwelashwa
Ngaphambi kokwelapha i-cirrhosis yesibindi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukususa lesi sifo, kodwa ezinkathini zokuqala kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ezikhungweni ze-hypertension eziphathekayo kukhona ama-diuretics anqunyiwe, ne-ascites anciphisa uketshezi kasawoti. Uma ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo kubonakala, kutuswa ukuthatha i-glucocorticoids. I-cirrhosis ye-viral iphathwa ngemithi yama-virus. Ukuqinisa isibindi, iziguli kufanele zinikeze i- hepatoprotectors : Silymarin, Essentiale, i-ursodeoxycholic acid.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka:
- imisebenzi yokuthungatha isiza ukudala izindlela ezintsha zokugeleza kwegazi;
- i-paracentesis yakhelwe ukususa uketshezi kusuka ku-peritoneum;
- Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyadingeka ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukuze kutholakale ngcono, isiguli kufanele sigweme ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo okukhulu. Ngesimo esanelisayo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ukuhamba kwezokwelapha nokuzivocavoca. Konke, ngaphandle kwalokho, iziguli zidinga ukunamathela ekudleni. Ukuze kuvimbele ukutheleleka emzimbeni obuthakathaka, kunoma yikuphi ukungenelela abantu abane-cirrhosis banqunywe ngama-antibiotic ngezinhloso zokuvimbela.
Ukudla nge-cirrhosis yesibindi
Lesi sifo kuhilela ukulahlwa ngokuphelele okuthosiwe, okunamafutha, okudla okusawoti, ukudla okuqukethe okuningi kwe-cholesterol. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlukanisa ukudla nezithelo ezintsha - zandisa i-bile excretion, ukuze i-cholesterol isetshenziswe kangcono. Iziguli ezitholakalayo ezine-cirrhosis zesibindi kufanele zidle ukudla okufudumele. Kudla kufanele kube njalo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukupheka ukudla, ukupheka ngesithamela noma kuhhavini.
Nge-cirrhosis, ungasebenzisa le mikhiqizo:
- inyama enamafutha aphansi;
- izinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi;
- iphalenda;
- ubhontshisi;
- i-macaroni;
- ukhilimu omuncu ophansi;
- i-cottage shizi;
- ama-cheeses angewona amnandi;
- amaju;
- ama-berries angewona ama-acid;
- isobho ngemifino yemifino;
- isinkwa esimisiwe;
- itiye elixekethile;
- i-dogrose umhluzi.
Ukudla kwe-cirrhosis akubandakanyi lokhu okulandelayo:
- isinkwa esisha kanye neminye imikhiqizo yefulawa;
- izithelo ezimuncu namajikijolo;
- ikhofi eqinile netiye;
- i-sorrel;
- isithombo;
- isipinashi;
- anyanisi oluhlaza;
- utshwala.
I-cirrhosis yesibindi - ukubikezela
Ukulinda impilo kuleso sifo kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi ezihlukene, ngakho-ke ngokuqondile ukutshela, ngokugula kwesifo sesibindi ukuthi iziguli eziningi zihlala kanjani, kunzima noma kunzima. Ithonya linalo:
- ukuqina kwesifo;
- ukutholakala kwezinkinga;
- ukuhambisana nokudla;
- izimbangela zesifo;
- ubudala nobulili besiguli;
- ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe.
Ngokuya ngesiteji sachwepheshe bezesifo sinikeza izibikezelo ezinjalo:
- Iziguli ezingaba ngu-50% zihlala iminyaka engu-7 nangaphezulu.
- Ngesigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu sokukhokha imali, isikhathi sokuphila, njengombuso, akuyona iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.
- Iziguli ezingama-20 - 30 kuphela ezine-cirrhosis zesigaba sesithathu zihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-3.
- Esigabeni sokugcina sesifo, isikhathi sokuphila asidluli ngonyaka.