Igesi yizinto ezibonakala zibuthakathaka kakhulu ezimbumbulu zamangqamuzana. Uzungeza abantu kuyo yonke indawo - kuya kwesilinganiso esikhulu noma esincane, futhi kungaba kokubili umthombo wemibandela ekhululekile nokungajabuli.
Ukushiswa kwegesi kuyinto evamile, ikakhulukazi uma iphathelene ne-carbon monoxide kanye nekhaya. Uketshezi lwe-sulfur gas akuvamile, ngoba lisetshenziswe embonini, nokufinyelela kulo mzimba ngamakhono akuwona wonke umuntu.
Isimo asifani ne-carbon monoxide negesi yasendlini, okuhlangene nayo yonke abantu. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini noma ukungahloniphi, ukwephulwa kwezinyathelo zokuvikela umlilo, kungase kube khona ingozi yokufaka ushevu nge-carbon monoxide noma igesi lomkhaya.
Kulokhu, usizo lwezokwelapha kufanele lunikezwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ukushiswa kwegesi kuholela ekufeni.
Usizo lokuqala lwe-carbon monoxide poisoning
I-carbon monoxide ikhiwa ngesikhathi sokushisa, ngakho-ke imbangela evame kakhulu yokushisa i-carbon monoxide isendaweni ehlanganisiwe phakathi nomlilo.
Lesi sici lapho singena emzimbeni sibopha ku-hemoglobin bese sakha i-carboxyhemoglobin, bese sivimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-oxygen kuya kwezicubu. Lokhu kuholela ku-hypoxia, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kolwazi nokufa.
Ukuze unikeze usizo lokuqala, isisulu sithathwe ekamelweni elinomqondo ophezulu we-carbon monoxide. Khona-ke isisulu sinikezwa ukuphefumulela okufakelwayo uma ephefumula noma enemfuneko yokuyeka ukuphefumula.
Emva kokuphefumula kubuyiselwa, isisulu sigxilile umzimba, sinikeze inhalation eyodwa yephunga le-ammonia (limanzi isicathulo se-tishu noma i-swab yekotini futhi iholele phambi kwempumu, lingalokothi lithinte isikhumba: kungenjalo, ukukhubazeka kwesikhungo sokuphefumula kungenzeka kwenzeke), umuntu olimale futhi kufaka isicelo sokufudumala ezinyaweni.
Lezi zinyathelo zihloswe ukuletha umuntu imizwelo nokusheshisa imetabolism yokususwa ngokushesha kwe-carbon dioxide emzimbeni.
Abantu abane-poisoning eqinile kufanele babanjwe esibhedlela: bayonikwa i-antidote ye-carbon monoxide-acizol. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kuzokwenziwa esibhedlela ngosizo lokwelapha ukwelashwa.
Usizo lokuqala lokufaka ushevu ngegesi yasendlini
Ukuvuza kwegesi elifuywayo kungumphumela ovame ukwedlula ubuthi yilokhu. Usizo lokuqala kulokhu lufana nalokhu okushiwo yi-poisoning ne-carbon monoxide:
- Nika ukufinyelela kumuntu ohlukumezekile emoyeni.
- Beka phezu kweso elithambile bese wenza ukuphefumulela okufakelwayo ngokusebenzisa i-gauze eminyene emanzini.
- Ukukhulula izakhi zokugqoka (i-collar, ibhande).
- Nginike i-ammonia ephefumula.
Uma kunesidingo esinamandla, fonela i-ambulensi, esebenzisa i-antidote neminye imithi ethile yokuthuthukisa isimo sesiguli.
Usizo lwezokwelapha lokuqala olwenzela ubuthi nge-hydrogen sulfide
Ngokuvamile, i-hydrogen sulfide poisoning ivela emafrijini lapho lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa:
- Ezimayini.
- Izitshalo ze-beet-ushukela.
- Izindleko zokukhiqizwa kosilika wokufakelwa.
- Gryazelechebnits.
- Imbonini yamafutha.
- Izitshalo zokukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt, njll.
I-hydrojeni sulphude ibhekisela ezinobuthi obunobuthi obuyingozi obucasula i-membrane emangcwabeni futhi buholela ku-hypoxia. Lesi sici asinjengokuthi "asikhohlisi" njengamanye amagesi, ngoba anephunga elimeme,
Usizo lokuqala lokudla ubuthi nge-hydrogen sulphide luhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kwesisulu se-oxygen. Bese bageza impumulo namaso ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ama-cold stains nawo abonisiwe.
Uma ubuhlungu nobuhlungu emehlweni abuqhubeka, isiguli sifakwe nge-dicatin noma i-novocaine ngokungezwa kwe-adrenaline hydrochloride.
Uma ubuhlungu buqhubekela phambili nasopharynx kanye nephezu eliphezulu lokuphefumula, ama-rinses ane-soda amanzi aboniswa. Ezimweni ezimbi, isiguli singenwa nge-intravenously nama-methaemoglobin-forming agents ukuze kunciphise umuthi onobuthi we-poison.